Submitted By:-

Sartaj Sangha PS 189

Siddharth Joshi PS 191
Vikram Singh PS 192
Shobhit Bhatnagar PS 190
 Steel Hatch Covers
Objectives are to improve the

1.understanding of hatch cover and their

working

2.maintainenance of hatch covers

3.Methodes of operating hatch covers

 Hatch Covers
Importance of well-maintained and secured
covers
1.Seaworthiness,
2.Cargo-worthiness
 Types of Hatch Covers
Folding high Stowing
Folding Low Stowing
Rolling (Side Rolling)
Rolling (End Rolling)
Piggy back Side Stowing
Piggy back End Stowing
Stacking
Lift away
 Operating System
External Cylinders
Wire Operation
Link Mechanism
Bell Crank
Long Chain drive
Hydraulic Rack & Pinion
High Lift Cylinders
 Folding Covers
 May be fitted at all decks
 The simplest one is with two flat-topped,
open-web panels
 Top plates are supported and stiffened by
webs and girders
 No closing plates on the underside
 If closing plates are fitted, panels are
called box or double skin panels.
 Folding Covers
Operation of hydraulically operated self auto-
cleating cover
 The adjacent pairs are hinged together
 When Hydraulic rod extends ,the panels first
rack back releasing the cleat wedges and then
they peak and fold.
 Panels have wedges on sides similar to wedges
on the coamings, thus keeps the seal gasket in
contact with compression bar.
 Folding Covers
 When the covers are down and
automatically cleated there is a firm
contact between the side plate of the
hatch cover and the coaming bar.
 In this position there is a precise amount
of compression of the seal rubber, about
8mm + 2mm
 The job of the cleats is to maintain steel to
steel contact with some resilience.
 Folding Covers
 The link mechanism is an ingenious
system of levers, operated by a hydraulic
cylinder, which causes the two panels
which it connects to close through 180
degrees.
 Folding Covers
 The bell crank consists of a pair of
hydraulically operated arms, one each
side, which engage in a lug or panel on
the first panel of the trailing pair.
 The bell crank than rotates the panels to
their final stowage position.
 Wire operated covers
 Opened or closed by wires pulled by crane
or winch.

 In the stowage position, panels are

retained by stowage hooks.

 Once hooks released panels roll down

freely under gravity.
 Rolling Covers
 Side rolling covers usually consists of two
large panels at each hatchway.

 Fitted with wheels which roll along a track at

both sides of the coaming top.

 Stowage rails extend this track via pillars

welded to the deck

 To open cleats are first released.

 Rolling Covers
 A development of the side rolling cover is the
piggy-back or lift-and-roll cover.

 A dumb panel with no wheels is lifted

vertically upwards.

 These engage in lugs on the sides of the

dumb panel and lift it high enough for a rolling
panel to be moved underneath.
 Rolling Covers
 The dumb panel is then lowered on to the
rolling panel.

 Then it is pulled or driven on one side.

 Multi Stacking Covers
 Found on small/medium size bulk carriers.
 Hatch opening can be opened partially or
completely.
Lift-away or pontoon covers
 Fitted on container ships.

 Has weight/length restriction.(about

30t/14m)

 May not have rubber seals.

 Cleats are more in nature of anti lift bolts

to resist upward forces generated by
containers loaded on top of the cover.
 Sealing
 Water must be kept outside the ships holds.
 Cargo must be kept inside.
 Seal material must be compatible with cargo
carried.
 Seal must be resilient or elastic enough to
make up for hull and coaming deformations
 Seal must be easily maintained.
 Seal must be suitable for expected weather
conditions.
 Safety
 Able to be operated without endangering
personnel up to maximum angles of heel &
trim as specified.

 Fully secured in open position and released

without endangering personnel.

 Fittings for routine or emergency operation

must be of adequate strength
 Weathertightness
 Sealed against fluid coming from one
side of the seal (weather side)
 Prior
loading hatch cover should be
tested, if no leaks then she is
seaworthy.
 At
sea and in a seaway remain
weathertight.
 Weathertightness
In abnormal sea condition loss of
cargoworthiness could be claimed to be
due to a peril of the sea and therefore
not the owner's fault.
 Compression bar
 Thecompression bar is about 40-50mm
high and 16mm wide.
 Top edge made of stainless steel round
bar.
 Seal
 Itis known as gasket, packing, water seal
or hatch rubber.
 Single most important component in the
hatch cover system.
 Rectangular rubber seals are fitted when
the relative movements between seal and
compression bar is small.
 Where significant coaming movements
are expected, sliding rubber is used
 Seal
 Sealhas a sponge core of natural
rubber which has excellent resilience
and strength.
 The outer covering of rubber can be
either neoprene rubber or nitrile rubber.
 Sizes 70mm x 40mm or 90mm x 50mm.
 Designed
compressions of 10mm +
3mm and 13mm + 3mm
 Cleats
 Theperipheral cleats may be manual,
quick-acting, automatic or hydraulically
actuated.
 In
the case of quick acting cleats, the
resilience is provided by the rubber
washer positioned between two steel
washers.
 There is also a steel spacer washer
inside the rubber washer which prevents
over compression of the rubber washer.
 Cleats
 Ifquick acting cleats are over-tightened
the steel washers bottom out on the
internal spacer and the resilience is lost.
 Cleats are also required on the cross
joints.
 Theycontrol the cross joint seal
compression
 Restraints

Hatch covers have restraints or locators

fitted to them to absorb longitudinal and
athwartship forces which they will
experience due to ship motions at sea.