HYPERBOLIC (RATIONAL)

FUNCTIONS

SESSION 10

By Elvira Hernández Benito

SESSION PLANING
 Explanation of: Exponential Functions.
 Exercises.
 Questions.

 Videos and curiosities.

Applied Business Mathematics

Elvira Hernández Benito
Academic Year 20-21
HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

• •  Definition: The Hyperbolic or Ractional functions are given by the equation:

where:

- “a” “b” and “c” are constants.

- “x” is the variable part of the function.

Applied Business Mathematics

Elvira Hernández Benito
Academic Year 20-21
The simplest hyperbolic function is y = 1/x, whose graph consists of two separated parts as following:

An asymptote is a line which the curve approaches at a distance from the origin.
Applied Business Mathematics
Elvira Hernández Benito
Academic Year 20-21
Functions of the form y=a/(bx+c):

These functions have a similar shape to y=1/x, except that division by zero no longer occurs at x=0,
but at bx+c=0.

 Properties of the hyperbolic functions: The graph of these functions reveals the following properties:

a) The graph has a vertical asymptote at the value of “x” which results in division by zero.

b) The x-axis is a horizontal asymptote.

c) The graph has no maximum or minimum values.

d) The curve increases smoothly at an increasing rate or decreases at a decreasing rate.

Applied Business Mathematics

Elvira Hernández Benito
Academic Year 20-21
EXERCISE 1
•Graph
  the following functions, indicating asymptotes and points of intersection with the axis:

a) y =

b) y =

Applied Business Mathematics

Elvira Hernández Benito
Academic Year 20-21
SOLUTION
a)
•  y =
We build the table of values:

Q -3 -2,5 -2 -1,5 -1 -0,5 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3

y = 20/Q -6,66667 -8 -10 -13,3333 -20 -40 40 20 13,33333 10 8 6,666667
And represent:

Vertical asymptote: x=0

Horizontal asymtote: y=0
No points of intersection with axis.

Applied Business Mathematics

Elvira Hernández Benito
Academic Year 20-21
b) y =
• 
Table of values:

Q -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2
y = 4/(Q-1) -2,85714 -3,33333 -4 -5 -6,66667 -10 -20 20 10 6,666667 5 4

Representation:

Vertical asymptote: Q=1 (makes 0 denominator)

Horizontal asymtote: y=0
One point of intersection with axis.

Applied Business Mathematics

Elvira Hernández Benito
Academic Year 20-21
Equations and applications: Functions of the form a/(bx+c) model average cost, demand and other functions which grow

or decay at increasing or decreasing rates.

Applied Business Mathematics

Elvira Hernández Benito
Academic Year 20-21
EXERCISE 2
The following equation relates the value of a new car (in €,000) to age, in years:

a) Graph the value of the car for ages 0 to 10. Describe how the value depreciates over time.

b) Estimate (from the graph) how long (to the nearest year) it will take for the value to drop to €20

000. Confirm your answer algebraically

Applied Business Mathematics

Elvira Hernández Benito
Academic Year 20-21
SOLUTION
V = 1 + 84/(1-2t)
a) As ever, table of values from t=0 to t=10:
t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
v 85 29 17,8 13 10,33333 8,636364 7,461538 6,6 5,941176 5,421053 5

Given that in Economic we only use first quadrant, we represent as:

We can see over the time, value decreases

(more rapidly until almost second year)

Applied Business Mathematics

Elvira Hernández Benito
Academic Year 20-21
b) To drop to €20 000:

- Graphically V=20 for t=2 aprox.

- Algebraically:

V = 20

then 20 = 1 + 84/(1+2t)

20 – 1 = 84/(1+2t)

19 (1+2t) = 84

19 + 38t = 84

38t = 84 – 19

t = 65/38

t = 1.71 (almost 2 years to get that value)

Applied Business Mathematics

Elvira Hernández Benito
Academic Year 20-21
EXERCISE 3
The demand and supply functions for a brand of tennis shoes are:

Pd = 500 / (Q+1) and Ps = 16 + 2Q

where P is the price per pair, Q is the quantity in thousands of pairs.

a) Calculate the equilibrium price and quantity.

b) Graph the supply and demand functions; hence, confirm your answer graphically

Applied Business Mathematics

Elvira Hernández Benito
Academic Year 20-21
SOLUTION
Pd = 500 / (Q+1)
Ps = 16 + 2Q
a)Equilibrium point
At that point P d = Ps
then 500/ (Q+1) = 16 + 2Q
500 = (16 + 2Q) (Q + 1)
500 = 16Q + 16 + 2Q2 + 2Q
2Q2 + 18Q – 484 = 0
Q2 + 9Q – 242 = 0
solving the equation, we get: Q = 11.7 (only the positive value)
then Pd = Ps = 39.4

Applied Business Mathematics

Elvira Hernández Benito
Academic Year 20-21
b) Graphically:

Only for positive values of Q:

Q 2 5 10 15
Pd 166,6667 83,33333 45,45455 31,25
Ps 20 26 36 46

We also confirm the value for Q

which makes Pd = Ps

Applied Business Mathematics

Elvira Hernández Benito
Academic Year 20-21
APPLICATIONS IN YOUR PERSONAL FEELING OR LEISURE:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7P8_ExkqQOw
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M-yAgyrzGdo

Applied Business Mathematics

Elvira Hernández Benito
Academic Year 20-21