STUDENT’S NAME:

TEACHER’S NAME:

HURLSTONE AGRICULTURAL HIGH SCHOOL

2020 TRIAL HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

Mathematics -Extension 2
General • Reading time – 10 minutes
Instructions
• Working time – 3 hours
• Write using black pen
• NESA approved calculators may be used
• A reference sheet is provided at the back of this paper
• In Questions in Section II, show all relevant mathematical
reasoning and/or calculations

Total marks: Section I – 10 marks (pages 2 – 5)

100
• Attempt Questions 1 – 10

• Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Section II – 90 marks (pages 6 – 12)

• Attempt Questions 11 – 16

• Allow about 2 hours and 45 minutes for this section

Section I

10 marks
Attempt Questions 1 – 10.
Allow about 15 minutes for this section.

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1 – 10.

1. Which expression is equal to ∫ 2𝑥 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥?

(A) −𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

(B) −𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

(C) −2𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

(D) −2𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2. A student wants to prove that there is an infinite number of prime numbers. To prove this
statement by contradiction, what assumption would the student start their proof with?

(A) There is only one prime number that is even.

(B) There is an infinite number of Primes.
(C) There is a finite number of Primes.
(D) All prime numbers are less than 100
3. Which of the following is the complex number 4 √3 − 4𝑖 ?
𝑖𝜋
(A) 4𝑒 − 6
5𝜋
(B) 4𝑒 6
𝑖𝜋
(C) 8𝑒 − 6
5𝜋
(D) 8𝑒 6

4. A particle is describing SHM in a straight line with an amplitude of 4 metres. Its speed is 6m/s
when the particle is 2 metres from the centre of the motion.

What is the period of the motion?

√3𝜋
(A) 2
2√3𝜋
(B) 3

(C) √3𝜋
2√2𝜋
(D) 3

-2-
 4
5. If 𝑢̰ = −2) is a non zero vector, then the corresponding unit vector is:
(
4
1
6
1
(A) 𝑢̰̂ = −3
1
( 6 )
2
3
−1
(B) 𝑢̰̂ = 3
2
(3)

1
1
(C) 𝑢̰̂ = (− 2)
1

2
(D) 𝑢̰̂ = (−1)
1

6. A particle moves in simple harmonic motion along the x-axis about the origin. Initially, the
particle is at its extreme positive position. The amplitude of the motion is 12 metres and the
particle returns to its initial position every 3 seconds.

What is the equation for the position of the particle at time t seconds?

2 t
(A) x = 12 cos
3

2 t
(B) x = 24 cos
3

(C) x = 12cos3t

(D) x = 24cos3t

-3-
 3
7. Which vector is perpendicular to −2) ?
(
4
6
(A) (−4)
8
−3
(B) (2)
−4
3
(C) ( 6)
1
2
(D) (5)
1

8. AA particle is moving along a straight line. At time t, its velocity is v and its displacement from
A
a fixed origin is x.
dv 1
If = , which of the following best describes the particle’s acceleration and velocity?
dx 2v
(A) constant acceleration and constant velocity.
(B) constant acceleration and decreasig velocity.

(C) constant acceleration and increasing velocity.

(D) increasing acceleration and increasing velocity

5 𝐴 𝐵
9. If
(2𝑥 + 1)(2 − 𝑥)
= + , then A and B have values of:
2𝑥 + 1 2−𝑥
(A) 𝐴 = −1, 𝐵 = 2

(B) 𝐴 = 1, 𝐵 = −2

(C) 𝐴 = 2, 𝐵 = −1

(D) 𝐴 = 2, 𝐵 = 1

-4-
10. The equation, in Cartesian form, of the locus of the point z if |𝑧 + 2𝑖 | = |𝑧 + 4| is:
(A) 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3 = 0

(B) 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3 = 0

(C) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3 = 0

(D) 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3 = 0

End of Section I

-5-
Section II

90 marks
Attempt Questions 11 – 16.

Allow about 2 hours and 45 minutes for this section.

Answer each question in a separate writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.

For questions in Section II, your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or
calculations.

Question 11 (15 marks) Use a separate writing booklet.

(a) If 𝑎 = 5 + 3𝑖 and 𝑏 = 3 − 4𝑖, evaluate the following:

(i) ab 1

𝑎
(ii) 1
𝑏

(iii) √𝑏 2

(b) Let z = 3 + i

(i) Express z in modulus-argument form. 2

()
n
(ii) Find the smallest positive integer n such that z n − z =0 3

(c) The polynomial P(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + ax + b , where a and b are real, has one root at
𝑥 = 3 − 2√2𝑖.

(i) Solve the equation P(𝑥) = 0 2

(ii) Hence find the values of a and b. 1

Question 11 continues on page 6

-6-
(d)
The side of a marquee is supported by a vertical pole supplying a force of F newtons and a rope
with a tension of 120 newtons. The tension in the marquee fabric is T newtons as shown below.

By resolving forces horizontally and vertically, or otherwise, find the exact values of T and F. 3

End of Question 11

-7-
Question 12 (15 marks) Use a separate writing booklet.
(a) Evaluate:

(i) ∫ sin3 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥. 2

𝑑𝑥 3
(ii) ∫√ .
6 + 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2

4𝑥 + 10 𝐴 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 3
(b) (i) If
(2 − 𝑥)(𝑥 2
= + , find the values of A, B and C.
+ 2) 2−𝑥 𝑥2 + 2

(4𝑥 + 10) 𝑑𝑥 3
(ii) Hence evaluate ∫ .
(2 − 𝑥)(𝑥 2 + 2)

(c) A point P, which moves in the complex plane, is represented by the equation
|𝑧 − (4 + 3𝑖 )| = 5.
.

(i) Sketch the locus of the point P. 1

(ii) Find the value of arg z when P is in the position that maximises |z|. 1

1 2
(iii) Find the modulus of z when arg 𝑧 = tan−1 (3) .

End of Question 12

-8-
Question 13 (15 marks) Use a separate writing booklet.
(a) If 𝑧 = √2 − √6𝑖,

(i) Express z in modulus-argument form. 2

(ii) Evaluate 𝑧 3 . 1

(b) Find the point(s) of intersection of the line with parametric equation 4

𝑟 = 𝑖 + 3𝑗 − 4𝑘 + 𝑡(𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 2𝑘)

and the sphere with equation

(𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 + (𝑧 + 4)2 = 81.

(c) For d, an integer where d > 1,

1 1 1
(i) Show that 
d 2
d ( d − 1)

1 1 1
(ii) Noting that = − show that, for a positive integer n : 3
d − d d −1 d
2

1 1 1 1
2
+ 2 + 2 + .......... + 2  2 .
1 2 3 n

(d) A mass has acceleration a ms–2 given by 𝑎 = 𝑣 2 − 3, where v ms–1 is the 4

velocity of the mass when it has a displacement of x metres from the origin.
Find v in terms of x given that v = –2 where x = 1.

End of Question 13

-9-
Question 14 (15 marks) Use a separate writing booklet.
(a) (i) By considering the cases where a positive integer k is even (𝑘 = 2𝑥) and odd 2
(𝑘 = 2𝑥 + 1), show that k 2 + k is always even.

(ii) Using the result in part (i), prove, by mathematical induction, that for all positive 3
integral values of n , n 3 + 5n is divisible by 6.

𝑎+𝑏 2
(b) For two positive real numbers a and b, prove that their arithmetic mean is always
2
greater than or equal to their geometric mean √𝑎𝑏 .

(c) Consider two lines. l1 and l2, with vector equations r1 and r2 respectively.

1
 
(i) Find r1 , the vector equation of l1, in the direction of  −2  and passing through 1
 2
 

The point ( −1, 2, − 3) .

The line l2 has the vector equation r2 = ( −t + 1) i + ( 2t − 2 ) j + ( 3t + 6 ) k where t  .

(ii) Find a vector parallel to l2.

1
(iii) Find the point of intersection of l1 and l2. 3

(iv) Find the acute angle between l1 and l2.

3
Give your answer in degrees correct to one decimal place.

End of Question 14

- 10 -
Question 15 (15 marks) Use a separate writing booklet.
(a) (i) Use De Moivre’s Theorem to express cos 5θ and sin 5θ in terms of powers 2
of sin θ and cos θ.

(ii) Write an expression for tan 5θ in terms of t, where t = tan θ. 1

𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋 4𝜋 3
(iii) By solving tan 5θ = 0, deduce that: tan  5  tan   tan   tan    =  5.
5 5 5

2+𝑥 2 6
(b) (i) Show that 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 4−𝑥 2 can be written as 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = −1 + 4−𝑥 2 1

2+𝑥 2
(ii) Find the exact area enclosed by the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 4−𝑥 2 3

the x-axis, and the lines x = –1 and x = 1.

(c) Consider two complex numbers, u and v, such that Im(u) = 2 and Re(v) = 1. 2

Given that u + v =− uv , find the values of u and v.

(d) 
A subset of the complex plane is described by the relation Arg ( z − 2i ) = .
6
(i) Find the Cartesian equation of this relation. 2

(ii) Draw a sketch of this relation. 1

End of Question 15

- 11 -
Question 16 (15 marks) Use a separate writing booklet.

(a) 1   −1 3

     
The coordinates of three points are A =  0  , B =  2  , C =  5 
5 4   2
     

Prove that ABC is a right angle. 2

(b) Prove that 33n −16n − 28n +11n is divisible by 85 for all positive integers 𝑛 ≥ 2. 3

(c) If P = i + j + k and R = 9i + 3 j + 8k , find the point Q on ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝑃𝑅 such that PQ : QR = 2 : 3. 3

(d) Let I n =  xn tan −1 x dx where n = 0,1, 2,...

1

 x n+1 2
Show that ( n + 1) I n = −
1
(i) dx for n  0.
4 0 1 + x2

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the value of I0. 1

 1 2
(iii) Show that ( n + 3) I n + 2 + ( n + 1) I n = −
2 n+2

(iv) Hence find the value of I4. 2

End of Paper

- 12 -
 2020 Trial HSC Examination

Mathematics Advanced
Mathematics Extension 1
Mathematics Extension 2

REFERENCE SHEET

- 13 -
- 14 -
- 15 -
- 16 -
 Hurlstone Agricultural High School
2020 Trial Higher School Certificate Examination
Mathematics Extension 2

Name ________________________________ Teacher ________________________

Section I – Multiple Choice Answer Sheet

Allow about 25 minutes for this section

Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval completely.

Sample: 2+4= (A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9

A B C D

If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the new answer.

A B C D

If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer, then indicate the
correct answer by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows.

A B C D

1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
5. A B C D
6. A B C D
7. A B C D
8. A B C D
9. A B C D
10. A B C D

- 17 -
HAHS Maths Extension 2 Trial Exam 2020
Marking Gudelines.
Outcomes Addressed in this Paper:
MEX12-2 chooses appropriate strategies to construct arguments and proofs in both
practical and abstract settings.
MEX12-3 uses vectors to model and solve problems in two and three dimensions.
MEX12-4 uses the relationship between algebraic and geometric representations of
complex numbers and complex number techniques to prove results, model and solve
problems.
MEX12-5 applies techniques of integration to structured and unstructured problems.
MEX12-6 uses mechanics to model and solve practical problems.

Section I: Multiple Choice:

No Working Answer
1 −2𝑥 A
∫ 2𝑥 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = 2𝑥 𝑣′ = 𝑒 −2𝑥
1
𝑢′ = 2 𝑣 = − 2 𝑒 −2𝑥
𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑢′
1 −2𝑥 1
2𝑥 (− 𝑒 ) − ∫ (− 𝑒 −2𝑥 ) (2)
2 2
= − 𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 Contradicting an infinite number of primes is that there is a finite number of primes C
𝜋
3 4 √3 − 4𝑖 in 4th quadrant therefore angle is − 6 C
𝑖𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑒 − 6 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (− ) + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 (− )
6 6
√3 𝑖
= −
2 2
Need to multiply by 8 to give desired result.
𝑖𝜋 √3 𝑖
8𝑒 − 6 = 8 ( − ) = 4 √3 − 4𝑖
2 2
4 Using 𝑣 2 = 𝑛2 (𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 ) B
62 = 𝑛2 (42 − 22 )
36 = 12𝑛2
𝑛2 = 3
i.e. 𝑛 = √3
2𝜋 2𝜋 2√3𝜋
Periodic Time = 𝑛
= = 3
√3
 5 4 B
|𝑢| = |(−2)| = √42 + (−2)2 + 42 = √36 = 6
4

4 2
6 3
−2 −1
𝑢̂ = =
6 3
4 2
(6) (3)

7 Show that the dot product is zero. D

Test each option and find only D works.
2  3 + 5  (−2) + 1  4 = 6 − 10 + 4 = 0
Therefore option D is perpendicular
Q8:

9 5 𝐴 𝐵 D
(2𝑥 + 1)(2 − 𝑥)
= +
2𝑥 + 1 2−𝑥
𝟓 = 𝑨(𝟐 − 𝒙) + 𝑩(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏)

When x = 2
5 = 5𝐵
∴ 𝐵 = 1
𝟏
When 𝒙 = −
𝟐
1
5 = (2 ) 𝐴
2
𝐴 = 2

i.e A = 2, B = 1
10 |𝑧 + 2𝑖| = |𝑧 + 4| B
Perpendicular bisector of AB
Gradient AB = −½
B Gradient Locus = 2
−4 Midpoint = (−2, −1)
A (−2)
𝑦 − − 1 = 2(𝑥 − − 2)
𝑦 + 1 = 2𝑥 + 4
𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝟑 = 𝟎
Year 12 Extension 2 Mathematics 2020 Trial HSC
Examination (task 4)

Question No. 11 Solutions and Marking Guidelines

HSC Solutions Marking Guidelines

Outcome

MEX12-4 Question 11 (a) (i)

ab = ( 5 + 3i )( 3 − 4i ) Award 1 ~complete
correct solution
= 15 − 20i + 9i − 12i 2
= 15 − 11i + 12
= 27 − 11i

Question 11 (a)(ii)
MEX12-4
a 5 + 3i 3 + 4i Award 1 ~complete
= 
b 3 − 4i 3 + 4i correct solution
=
( 5 + 3i )( 3 + 4i )
9 − 16i 2
15 + 20i + 9i + 12i 2
=
9 + 16
15 + 29i − 12
=
25
3 + 29i 3 29i 3 29
= or + or + i
25 25 25 25 25

MEX12-4 Question 11 (a)(iii)

Award 2 ~complete
b = 3 − 4i correct solution
let 3 − 4i = x + yi (where x and y are real numbers)
3 − 4i = ( x + yi )
2

Award 1
= x 2 − y 2 + 2 xy
~significant
progress towards
correct solution
 equating real and imaginary parts gives:
x 2 − y 2 = 3............................................( A)
−2
2 xy = −4  xy = 2  x = .......( B )
y

Substitute ( B ) into ( A)
2
 −2 
  − y =3
2

 y
4
2
− y2 = 3y2
y
 y4 + 3y2 − 4 = 0

−3  9 + 16
 y2 =
2
−3  5
=
2
= 1 or − 4 (since y is a real number, y 2  0,
hence, y 2 = −4 is not a solution)

 y = 1 x = 2 and 3 − 4i =  ( 2 − i )

Question 11 (b)(i)
MEX12-4 Award 2 ~complete
z = 3 +i correct solution

( 3) + (1) = 2
2
z =
2

1  Award 1
Arg z = tan −1 =
3 6 ~significant
    progress towards
 z = 2  cos + i sin  or 2cis in modulus-argument form
 6 6 6 correct solution
MEX12-4 Question 11 (b)(ii) Award 3
n
~Complete correct
_ solution
zn −  z  = 0
 
n n
       
 2  cos 6 + i sin 6   −  2  cos 6 − i sin 6   = 0 Award 2
     
~Significant
Using De Moivre's Theorem
progress towards
 n n   n n  correct solution
2n  cos + i sin  − 2n  cos − i sin =0
 6 6   6 6 
n n n n
cos i sin − cos + i sin =0 Award 1
6 6 6 6
n ~Limited progress
2i sin =0
6 towards correct
n solution
= k
6
 n = 6k
Smallest positive integer of n occurs when k = 1,  n = 6

MEX12-4 Question 11 (c)(i)

P ( x) = 0 Award 2 ~complete
let  ,  and  be the roots. correct solution

 = 3 − 2 2i ( given )
 = 3 + 2 2i (conjugate of  is a root ) Award 1
Use sum of roots to find 
~significant
− ( −5 ) progress towards
3 + 2 2i + 3 − 2 2i +  =
1 correct solution
6+ = 5
  = −1
 Solution for P ( x ) = 0 is x = 3 − 2 2i ,3 + 2 2i , − 1
MEX12-4 Question 11 (c)(ii)
a =  +  +  Award 1 ~correct
( ) ( ) (
 a = −1 3 − 2 2i + ( −1) 3 + 2 2i + 3 − 2 2i )(3 + 2 2i ) answer

= −3 + 2 2i − 3 − 2 2i + 9 + 8
= 11
b = − ( )

(
= − ( −1) 3 − 2 2i )(3 + 2 2i )
= 1( 9 + 8 )
= 17
 a = 11 and b = 17.

Question 11 (d)
MEX12-6
Award 3
Resolving horizontal forces
~Complete correct
−T sin 45 + 120sin 30 = 0
solution
T sin 45 = 60
T = 60 2
Resolving verticle forces Award 2
T cos 45 + F − 120 cos 30 = 0 ~Significant
60 + F − 60 3 = 0 progress towards
correct solution
F = 60 3 − 60
 Solution is T = 60 2, F = 60 3 − 60
Award 1
~Limited progress
towards correct
solution
Year 12 Mathematics Extension 2 Assess. Task 4 2020 HSC

Question No. 12 Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Part / Solutions Marking Guidelines

Outcome

(a)(i)
MEX12-5
ò sin x cos
3 2
ò (
xdx = sin x 1- cos 2 x cos 2 xdx ) 2 marks : correct solution

=- ò (1- u )u du let u = cos x

2 2
1 mark : substantially
du = − sin xdx
= ò ( u - u ) du
4 2
correct solution

u5 u 3
= - +C
5 3
cos5 x cos3 x
= - +C
5 3
76
(a)(ii)
MEX12-5
3 marks : correct solution
 =
dx dx
 
 6 + 4 x − x  10 − ( x 2 − 4 x + 4)
2


2 marks : substantially
dx
= correct solution
 ( 10 ) − ( x − 2)
2 2

x−2 1 mark : partially correct

= sin −1 +C solution
10

4 x + 10 A Bx + C
= + 2
( )
(b)(i)
MEX12-5 (2 − x) x + 2 2 − x x + 2
2

( )
4 x + 10 = A x 2 + 2 + ( Bx + C )( 2 − x )
3 marks : correct solution

8 + 10 = A ( 4 + 2 ) + 0 when x = 2
2 marks : substantially
ie A = 3
correct solution
10 = 2 A + 2C when x = 0
10 = 6 + 2C
C=2 1 mark : partially correct
solution
B=3
4 x + 10 3 3x + 2
= + 2
( )
(2 − x) x + 2 2 − x x + 2
2
 (b)(ii) ó 4x + 10 dx = ó æ 3 + 3x + 2 ö dx
ô 2 - x x2 + 2 ô
MEX12-5
õ( )( ) õ çè 2 - x x 2 + 2 ÷ø 3 marks : correct solution

-1
= -3ó dx + óô 2 dx + 2ó 2 dx
3 2x 1
õ 2- x 2õ x +2 õ x +2 2 marks : substantially
æ x ö
( )
correct solution
= -3ln ( 2 - x ) + ln x 2 + 2 +
3 2
tan -1 ç +C
2 2 è 2 ÷ø
1 mark : partially correct
solution

(c)(i)
MEX12-4
( )
z - 4 + 3i = 5 is a circle centre (4, 3) radius 5
1 mark : correct solution

(NB: circle passes through

the origin, and this must
be shown – this is the
classic 3,4,5 situation you
should be aware of !

- also, it’s key to

answering (ii) and (iii))

(c)(ii)
MEX12-4 Maximum value of |𝑧| is when z lies along the diameter, opposite origin
1 mark : correct solution
So since this passes through the centre (4, 3),

æ 3ö
arg z = q = tan -1 ç ÷
è 4ø

æ 1ö
(c)(iii) When arg z = tan -1 ç ÷ ,
MEX12-4 è 3ø 2 marks : correct solution

continuing the ray to the circle, gives z = 9 + 3i.

1 mark : substantially
correct solution
 Note:

Making the (common)

assumption that
æ 1ö
z = tan -1 ç ÷ implies
è 3ø
z = 3+ i , does not show
the depth of understanding
this question required.

In fact, it is more a
demonstration of
incorrectly applying rote
learning without paying
any regard to the actual
situation.

So z = 92 + 32 = 90 = 3 10 No marks were awarded in

this case, as it does not fit
the category of
“substantially correct”
Alternately the point z can be found algebraically:

z lies on ( x - 4 ) + ( y - 3) = 25
2 2

x æ 1ö
z also lies on y= since arg z = tan -1 ç ÷
3 è 3ø

( x - 4) + ( - 3) = 25
2 2
x
3

10x 2 - 90x = 0
x = 0 or 9
so x = 9 and y = 3
ie z = 9 + 3i
 Question 13:

Outcome Marking Guidelines

(a)MEX (i) Z = √2 − √6𝑖 2 marks for correct modulus and
12-4 2 2 −√6
argument
𝑟 = √(√2) + (√6) tan 𝜃 =
√2
= √2 + 6 tan 𝜃 = − √3
π
= √8 𝜃 = −3
1 mark for significant working
= 2√2 toward modulus and argument
π π
∴ 𝑧 = 2√2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 (− ) + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (− ))
3 3
3
(a) π 1 mark for correct answer
(ii) 𝑧 3 = [2√2 𝑐𝑖𝑠 (− ) ]
3
π
= 16√2 𝑐𝑖𝑠 3 (− 3 )
= 16√2 𝑐𝑖𝑠 (−𝜋)
= − 16√2

(b) MEX 𝑟 = 𝑖 + 3𝑗 − 4𝑘 + 𝑡(𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 2𝑘) 4 marks for two correct points

12-3 𝑥 = 1+𝑡
𝑦 = 3 + 2𝑡 3 marks for substantial progress
𝑧 = −4 + 2𝑡 toward solving the equations
simultaneously or equivalent
Now (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 + (𝑧 + 4)2 = 81 merit
(1 + 𝑡 − 1)2 + (3 + 2𝑡 − 3)2 + (−4 + 2𝑡 + 4)2 = 81
(𝑡)2 + (2𝑡)2 + (2𝑡)2 = 81 2 marks for writing parametric
9𝑡 2 = 81 equations with some progress
𝑡2 = 9 toward answer or equivalent merit
𝑡 = ±3
Points are: 1 mark for writing parametric
[1 + 3, 3 + 2(3), −4 + 2(3)] = (4, 9, 2) equations or other initial or other
limited working relevant to
[1 − 3, 3 + 2(−3), −4 + 2(−3)] = (−2, −3, −10) question

(c)MEX (i) If 𝑑 > 1 then 𝑑 > 𝑑 – 1 1 mark for correct solution

12-2 Also 𝑑2 > 𝑑(𝑑 − 1)
1 1
∴ 𝑑2
< 𝑑(𝑑 − 1)
 1 1 1
(ii) Given = − 3 marks for correct proof
𝑑(𝑑 − 1) 𝑑−1 𝑑
1 1 1
From (i) 𝑑2
< 𝑑−1
− 𝑑
1 1 1 1 2 marks for substantial progress
For 12
< 1−1
− 2
is undefined, so use 12 = 1
1 1 1 toward correct proof
Then 22
< 1
− 2
1 1 1
32
< 2
− 3
1 1 1 1 mark for some correct working
42
< 3
− 4 relevant to proof
Therefore
1 1 1 1
2 + 2 + + ........+ Note: Initialising a proof by
1 2 32 𝑛2
induction for 1/(k+1)2, in most
1 1 1 1 1 cases, did not make any progress
< 1 + (1 − ) + ( − ) + ( − ) . . . . . . . . .. towards the solution, and so was
2 2 3 3 4
1 1 1 1 awarded zero marks, unless the
+( − )+ ( − ) context of this question’s hints
𝑛 − 2 𝑛−1 𝑛 − 1 𝑛
1 1 1 1 1 1 and assumptions were explicitly
< 1 + 1 + ( − ) + ( − ) + ( − ) . . . . . . . . .. utilised effectively.
2 2 3 3 4 4
1 1 1 1 1
+( − )+ ( − )−
𝑛−2 𝑛−2 𝑛−1 𝑛−1 𝑛
1
< 2 +0+ 0+ 0+⋯+0 +0− 𝑛
1
< 2 − 𝑛
1 1
As 𝑛 is a positive integer , 𝑛 > 0 and 2 − 𝑛 < 2
1 1 1
∴ 1 + 2 + 2 + .......+ 2 < 2
2 3 𝑛

13(d)MEX dv 2 4 Marks: Correct

12-6 v =v −3 solution.
dx
dv v 2 − 3 3 Marks: Makes
=
dx v almost complete
dx v progress.
= 2
dv v − 3 2 Marks: Successful
v integration
dx = 2 dv
v −3
1 Mark: Some
v
 dx =  v2 − 3 dv relevant progress.

1
 x = ln v 2 − 3 + C
2

Given v = –2 where x = 1 then C = 1

1
 x = ln v 2 − 3 + 1
2
2 ( x − 1) = ln v 2 − 3
 |𝑣 2 − 3| = 𝑒 2(𝑥−1)
∴ 𝑣 2 − 3 = 𝑒 2(𝑥−1) is sufficient for this set of conditions.

∴ 𝑣 = −√3 + 𝑒 2(𝑥−1)

Only the negative square root is relevant due to the particle’s

initial conditions.

Question 14

(a)MEX 12-2 k is even, i.e k = 2x , then

(i) If 2 marks for showing both results
k + k = (2 x ) + 2 x
2 2

= 4x 2 + 2x
( )
1 mark for proving only one, or
= 2 2x 2 + x equivalent merit
= 2m

k is odd, i.e k = 2x + 1, then

If
k + k = (2 x + 1) + 2 x + 1
2 2

= 4x 2 + 4x + 1 + 2x + 1
= 4x 2 + 6x + 2
(
= 2 2 x 2 + 3x + 1 )
= 2m

(ii) Show that the statement is true for n = 1 3 marks for correct and complete
Assume that n 3 + 5n is divisible by 6 for n = k proof
i.e 𝑘 3 + 5𝑘 = 6𝑝 where p is an integer.
2 marks for substantial progress in
Now when n = k +1 proof with either an error or
(k + 1) + 5(k + 1) = k 3 + 3k 2 + 3k + 1 + 5k + 5
3 incomplete statements or
equivalent merit
= k 3 + 5k + 3k 2 + 3k + 6
= 6 p + 3k 2 + 3k + 6 1 mark for initial working
(
= 6p + 6 + 3 k + k
2
) * from i) above relevant to the proof or equivalent
merit
= 6 p + 6 + 3(2m )*
= 6 p + 6 + 6m
= 6( p + m + 1)
(k + 1)3 + 5(k + 1) is divisible by 6
 if true for n = k , then also true for n = k + 1 , but since true for
n = 1, by induction is true for all integral values, n  1
 𝑎+𝑏
(b) MEX 12-2 Prove that 2
≥ √𝑎𝑏 if a, b  0 2 marks for correct and complete
proof
( )
2
We know that: a− b  0 since a,b are real.
1 mark for significant working
2 2
i.e. a − 2 a b + b  0 toward proof

a + b  2 ab
a+b
 ab as required.
2
(c) MEX 12-3  −1  1 mark: Correct answer.
 
(i) Point ( −1, 2, − 3) has position vector 2
 
 −3 
 
1  −1   1 
     
Direction vector = −2 Therefore r1 = 2 + s −2
     
 2  −3   2 
     

(ii)
To be parallel, the lines need the same direction vector, but must not 1 mark: Correct answer.
coincide. i.e. the given answer must not pass through point (1, -2, 6).
 −1 
 
e.g answer: the vector: 2 is parallel to line l2
 
 3
 

(iii) Equate components of r1, r2 gives: 3 marks: Equates components,

s − 1 = −t + 1........(1) evaluates parameters and finds the
−2s + 2 = 2t − 2...(2) point of intersection.
2 marks: Major progress towards
2s − 3 = 3t + 6......(3) solution.
Solving gives s = 3 t = − 1 1 mark: Some relevant progress.
Note: This marking scheme could
These 2 solutions should be tested against all three equations to
be adopted more rigorously if it
prove that the two lines intersect in 3D. Then substituting into the
was aimed at a higher band of
LHS and the RHS of the above will both give the point of intersection
candidate. So, even if you got 3
( 2, − 4,3) Using s or t must result in the same outcome. marks this time, there is a
possibility that the HSC marking
guideline could require all 3
equations tested, instead of just 2.

(iv) 3 marks: Correct solution.

2 marks: Progress regarding both
 1   −1 the dot product and the lengths of
   
 −2  •  2 
the directon vectors.
 2  3 1 mark: Some relevant progress.
cos  =    
12 + ( −2 ) + 22 ( −1) + 22 + 32
2 2

1
=
3 14
 = 84  9
Year 12 Mathematics Extension 2 Assess. Task 4 2020 HSC

Question No. 15 Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Part / Solutions Marking Guidelines

Outcome
 (a)(i)
(cosq + isinq)
5
MEX12-4 = cos5q + isin5q 2 marks: correct
and solution

(cosq + isinq) = (cosq) + 5(cosq) ( isinq) + 10 (cosq) ( isinq)

5 5 4 3 2
1 mark: substantially
correct solution
+ 10 ( cosq ) ( isinq ) + 5( cosq ) ( isinq) + ( isinq )
2 3 4 5

Equating reals:

cos5q = cos5 q -10cos3 qsin2 q + 5cosqsin4 q

Equating Imaginaries:

sin5q = 5cos4 qsinq -10cos2 qsin3 q + sin5 q

(a)(ii)
MEX12-4
1 mark: correct solution
sin5q
tan5q =
cos5q (dividing to get tan5)
5cos4 qsinq - 10cos 2 qsin3 q + sin5 q
=
cos5 q - 10cos3 qsin 2 q + 5cosqsin 4 q
divide through by cos5 q
5t - 10t 3 + t 5
= , where t = tanq
1- 10t 2 + 5t 4
(a)(iii)
MEX12-4
if tan5q = 0
then 5q = 0, p, 2p, 3p, 4p... 3 marks: correct
solution
p 2p 3p 4p
q = 0, , , , ...
5 5 5 5
Also, 2 marks: substantially
correct solution
if tan5q = 0
1 mark: significant
5t - 10t 3 + t 5
then =0 progress towards
1- 10t 2 + 5t 4 correct solution
ie 5t - 10t 3 + t 5 = 0
(
t t 4 - 10t 2 + 5 = 0 ) Note: The product of
roots must match the
and roots of t 4 - 10t 2 + 5 = 0 must be equation in your
p 2p 3p 4p solution for full marks.
t = tan , tan , tan , tan Simply stating product
5 5 5 5
of roots = 5 from an
unknown (or unshown)
equation is not enough
 (b)(i) e
product of roots, abgd =
MEX12-5 a
p 2p 3p 5p
tan tan tan tan = 5
5 5 5 5

(b)(ii)
MEX12-5 1 mark: correct solution
2 + x2
f ( x) =
4 - x2

=
(
- 4 - x2 + 6)
4 - x2
6
= -1+
4 - x2

1
ó æ 6 ö
A = ô ç -1+ dx
õ-1 è 4 - x 2 ÷ø 3 marks: correct
1
solution
ó æ 6 ö
= 2ô ç -1+ dx
õ0 è 4 - x 2 ÷ø
2 marks: substantially
correct solution
Using partial fractions:

6 A B 1 mark: significant
= +
4- x 2
2- x 2+ x progress towards
6 = A( 2 + x ) + B ( 2 - x ) correct solution

3 3
Þ A= , B=
2 2
 1
ó æ 3 1 3 1 ö
A = 2ô ç -1+ . + . dx
õ0 è 2 2 - x 2 2 + x ÷ø
1
é ù
= 2 ê -x - ln ( 2 - x ) + ln ( 2 + x ) ú
3 3
ë 2 2 û0
= éë -2x - 3ln ( 2 - x ) + 3ln ( 2 + x ) ùû
(c) MEX12- 1

4 0
1
é æ 2+ xö ù
= ê -2x + 3ln ç ú
ë è 2 - x ÷ø û 0
= éë -2 + 3ln ( 3) ùû - éë0 - 3ln (1) ùû
= 3ln3- 2

(d)(i) Let u = a + 2i and v = 1+ ib

MEX12-4 u + v = ( a + 1) + ( b + 2 ) i ...(1) 2 marks: correct
-uv = ( -a + 2b) - ( ab + 2 ) i ...( 2 ) solution

Equating imaginary parts of (1) and (2)

1 mark: substantially
b + 2 = -ab - 2
correct solution
ab + b + 4 = 0 ...(3)

Equating real parts of (1) and (2)

a +1 = -a + 2b
2a = 2b - 1
2b - 1
a= ...( 4 )
2

sub ( 3) ® ( 4 )
1
2
( 2b - 1) + b + 4 = 0
2b2 + b + 8 = 0
D = 1- 4.2.8
= -63 < 0
no real solutions

But a, b are real,  no solution

 p
arg ( z - 2i ) =
(d)(ii)
MEX12-4 6
2 marks : correct
p
arg ( x + iy - 2i ) = solution
6
p
( )
arg x + ( y - 2 ) i =
6
y-2 p
= tan 1 mark : substantially
x 6
1 correct solution
y-2= x
3 Note: x > 0 should have
1 been stated, but did not
y= x + 2, x > 0
3 cost any marks in this
instance. However,
missing this concept did
have an impact on part
(ii) – see comment
below

1 mark: correct solution

Note: this is a standard

example, and the open
circle at (0,2) is a very
important detail which
was required for the
mark. For z to have an
argument, it must lie
beyond that point.
12(c) solution for the correct question
Year 12 Extension 2 Mathematics 2020 Trial HSC Examination
(task 4)

Question No. 16 Solutions and Marking Guidelines

HSC Solutions Marking Guidelines

Out-come

Question 16
(a)
MEX12-3
If BA.BC = 0 then ABC is 90
Required to show that BA.BC = 0 :
LHS = BA.BC
1   −1    3   −1  
         
=  0  −  2    5  −  2  
 5   4    2   4  
Award 2

 2  4 ~Complete correct
    solution
=  −2   3 
 1   −2 
   
= 8−6− 2
Award 1
=0
= RHS ~Significant progress
ABC is 90 since BA.BC = 0, hence ABC is a right angled triangle. towards correct
solution
 Question 16 (b) First solution
+
Required to prove that 33n − 16n − 28n + 11n is divisible by 85 for n  2, n 

Using,
a n − b n = (a − b)(a n −1 + a n − 2b ++ ab n − 2 + b n −1 ), for n  2, n  +

then
33n − 16n = (33 − 16)(33n −1 + 33n − 2 16 ++ 33 16n − 2 + 16n −1 ), for n  2, n  +

= 17 A where A = 33n −1 + 33n − 2 16 ++ 33 16n − 2 + 16n −1 , n  2, n  +

and
11n − 28n = (11 − 28)(11n −1 + 11n − 2  28 ++ 11 28n − 2 + 28n −1 ), for n  2, n  +

= −17 B where B = 11n −1 + 11n − 2  28 ++ 11 28n − 2 + 28n −1 , n  2, n  +

Also,
33n − 28n = (33 − 28)(33n −1 + 33n − 2  28 + + 33  28n − 2 + 28n −1 ), for n  2, n  +

= 5C where C = 33n −1 + 33n − 2  28 ++ 33  28n − 2 + 28n −1 , n  2, n  +

Award 3
and
11n − 16n = (11 − 16)(11n −1 + 11n − 2 16 ++ 1116n − 2 + 16n −1 ), for n  2, n  ~Complete
+ correct
solution
MEX12-2 = −5 D where D = 11n −1 + 11n − 2 16 + + 1116n − 2 + 16n −1 , n  2, n  +

so now, Award 2
33n − 16n − 28n + 11n = 17 A − 17 B ~Significant progress
= 17 ( A − B ) where A = 33n −1 + 33n − 2 16 +  + 33 16n − 2 + 16n −1towards
, n  2, n  +
correct
where B = 11n −1 + 11n − 2  28 +  + 11 28n − 2 + 28n −1solution
, n  2, n  +

and
33n − 16n − 28n + 11n = 15C − 15D
= 5 ( C − D ) where C = 33n −1 + 33n − 2  28 ++ 33  28n − 2 + 28n −Award
1
, n  2,1n  +

where D = 11n −1 + 11n − 2 16 ++ 1116n − 2 + 16n −1 , n  2, n  +

+
~Limited progress
 33n − 16n − 28n + 11n is divisible by 17 and 5, for n  2, n  .
towards correct
Since 85 has prime factors of 17 and 5 then 33n − 16n − 28n + 11n is divisible by 85, for n  2, n  + .
solution
 Question 16
(b) Second solution using Proof by Mathematical induction.

+
Required to prove that 33n − 16n − 28n + 11n is divisible by 85 for n  2, n 
i.e. 33n − 16n − 28n + 11n = 85M , M 
Prove true for n = 2,
LHS = 332 − 162 − 282 + 112
= 170
= 85  2
= 85M , where M = 2
= RHS
 True for n = 2

Award 3
+
Assume true for n = k , k  2 and k  ~Complete correct
i.e. 33 − 16 − 28 + 11 = 85M , M 
k k k k
solution
..................................................................(1)
+
Prove true for n = k + 1, k  2 and k 
i.e. 33k +1 − 16k +1 − 28k +1 + 11k +1 = 85P, P  , k  2 and k  +

Award 2
LHS = 33k +1 − 16k +1 − 28k +1 + 11k +1
= 33 ( 33k ) − 16 (16k ) − 28 ( 28k ) + 11(11k ) ~Significant progress
= 33 ( 85M + 16k + 28k − 11k ) − 16 (16k ) − 28 ( 28k ) + 11(11k ) using assumption (1)
towards correct
solution
= 85 ( 33M ) + 33 (16 ) + 33 ( 28 ) − 33 (11 ) − 16 (16 ) − 28 ( 28 ) + 11(11
k k k k k k
)
= 85 ( 33M ) + ( 33 − 16 ) (16k ) + ( 33 − 28 ) ( 28k ) + (11 − 33) (11k )
= 85 ( 33M ) + 17 (16k ) + 5 ( 28k ) − 22 (11k )
Award 1
~Limited progress
Now using mathematical induction again prove that 17 (16 ) + 5 ( 28 ) − 22 (11 ) towards correct
n n n

is divisible by 85 for n  2, n  + solution

MEX12-2
i.e. 17 (16n ) + 5 ( 28n ) − 22 (11n ) = 85Q, Q  , n  2, n  +

Prove true for n = 2

LHS = 17 (162 ) + 5 ( 282 ) − 22 (112 )
= 5610
= 85  66
= 85Q, where Q = 66
= RHS
 True for n = 2.
Assume true for n = k
i.e. 17 (16k ) + 5 ( 28k ) − 22 (11k ) = 85Q, Q  , k  2, k  +
.........................(2)
Prove true for n = k + 1
i.e. 17 (16k +1 ) + 5 ( 28k +1 ) − 22 (11k +1 ) = 85 R, where R  , k  2 and k  +

LHS = 17 (16k +1 ) + 5 ( 28k +1 ) − 22 (11k +1 )

= 17 (16 ) (16k ) + 5 ( 28 ) ( 28k ) − 22 (11) (11k )

( )
= (16 ) 17 (16k ) + 140 ( 28k ) − 242 (11k )

= (16 ) ( 85Q − 5 ( 28 ) + 22 (11 ) ) + 140 ( 28 ) − 242 (11 )

k k k k
using assumption (2)

= 85 (16Q ) − 80 ( 28k ) + 352 (11k ) + 140 ( 28k ) − 242 (11k )

= 85 (16Q ) + 60 ( 28k ) + 110 (11k )

Now using mathematical induction again prove that 60 ( 28n ) + 110 (11n )
+
is divisible by 85 for n  2, n 
i.e. 60 ( 28n ) + 110 (11n ) = 85B, B  , n  2, n  +

Prove true for n = 2

LHS = 60 ( 282 ) + 110 (112 )
= 60350
= 85  710
= 85B, where B = 710
= RHS
 True for n = 2.

+
Assume true for n = k , k  2, k 
i.e. 60 ( 28k ) + 110 (11k ) = 85 B, B  , k  2, k  +
.....................(3)
Prove true for n = k + 1
i.e. 60 ( 28k +1 ) + 110 (11k +1 ) = 85 A, A  , k  2, k  +

LHS = 60 ( 28k +1 ) + 110 (11k +1 )

= 60 ( 28 ) ( 28k ) + 110 (11) (11k )

( )
= 28 60 ( 28k ) + 110 (11) (11k )

= 28 ( 85B − 110 (11 ) ) + 110 (11) (11 )

k k
using assumption (3)

= 85 ( 28B ) − 3080 (11 ) + 1210 (11

k k
)
= 85 ( 28B ) − 1870 (11 k
)
(
= 85 28B − 22 (11 k
))
= 85 A, where A = 28B − 22 (11k ) , A  , k  2, k  +

 60 ( 28k +1 ) + 110 (11k +1 ) = 85 A, and the statement is true for n = k + 1, k  2, k  +

 As the statement is true for n = 2, n = k and n = k + 1, then by mathematical induction

it is proven that 60 ( 28n ) + 110 (11n ) is divisible by 85 for n  +
, n  2.
Hence it follows that
85 (16Q ) + 60 ( 28k ) + 110 (11k ) = 85(16Q) + 85 A, Q , A , k  2, k  +

= 85(16Q + A)
= 85R, where R = 16Q + A , R 
17 (16k +1 ) + 5 ( 28k +1 ) − 22 (11k +1 ) = 85R, and the statement is true for n = k + 1, k  2, k  +
.
 As the statement is true for n = 2, n = k and n = k + 1, by mathematical induction it is proven
that 17 (16n ) + 5 ( 28n ) − 22 (11n ) is divisible by 85 n  +
, n  2.

Hence it also follows that

85 ( 33M ) + 17 (16k ) + 5 ( 28k ) − 22 (11k ) = 85(33M ) + 85Q, M  , Q , k  2, k  +

+
= 85(33M + Q ), M  ,Q  , k  2, k 
+
= 85P P , k  2, k 
 33k +1 − 16k +1 − 28k +1 +11k +1 = 85P and the statement is true for n = k + 1, k  2, k  + .
 As the statement is true for n = 2, n = k and n = k + 1, by mathematical induction it is proven
+
that 33n − 16n − 28n +11n is divisible by 85 n  , n  2.

Question 16
(c) First solution
PR = ( 9i + 3 j + 8k ) − ( i + j + k )
= 8i + 2 j + 7k
2
PQ = ( 8i + 2 j + 7k )
5
OQ = OP + PQ
2
= ( i + j + k ) + ( 8i + 2 j + 7k )
5
21 9 19
= i+ j+ k
5 5 5
 21 
 5
 
 Q =   or Q =
9 21 9 19
i + j + k.
5  5 5 5
 
19
 
5 

(c) Second solution

 x
 
let Q =  y 
z 
 
PQ 2
=
QR 3
2
 PQ = QR
3
 x −1  9 − x 
  2 
 y − 1 = 3  3 − y 
 z −1  8 − z 
   

2
 x −1 =
2
(9 − x )  y −1 = (3 − y )  z −1 =
2
(8 − z )
3 3 3
3 x − 3 = 18 − 2 x 3y − 3 = 6 − 2 y 3z − 3 = 16 − 2 z
5 x = 21 5y = 9 5 z = 19
21 9 19
x= y= z=
5 5 5

 21 
 5
 
Q= 
9 21 9 19
or Q = i + j + k.
5  5 5 5
 
 19 
5 
 Question 16 (d )(i)
I n =  x n tan −1 x dx
1
Award 3
0

dv ~Complete correct
let u = tan −1 x = xn solution
dx
du 1 x n +1
= v=
dx 1 + x 2 n +1 Award 2
1
x n +1
 x n +1
.tan −1 x  − 
1
In =  dx ~Significant progress
 n +1  0 0 ( n + 1) (1 + x )
2
towards correct
solution
1  1 1 x n +1
n + 1 4 n + 1 0 (1 + x 2 )
= . − dx

Award 1
1  x n +1 
n + 1  4 0 (1 + x 2 ) 
1
=  − dx  ~Limited progress
  towards correct
 1 x n +1
solution
( n + 1) I n = − 0 dx
4 ( )
1 + x 2

Question 16 (d)(ii) Award 3

 x n +1
( n + 1) I n = −
1
MEX12-3 dx from (i) ~Complete correct
4 0
(1 + x2 ) solution
let n = 0
 x 0+1
( 0 + 1) I 0 = −
1
dx
4 0
(1 + x2 ) Award 2

 x ~Significant progress
−
1
I0 = dx
4 0
(1 + x2 ) towards correct
solution

1 
= −  ln (1 + x 2 ) 
4 2 
 1
= − ( ln 2 − ln 0 ) Award 1
4 2
~Limited progress
 1
= − ln 2 towards correct
4 2
solution
 Question 16 (d)(iii)
 x n +1
( n + 1) I n = −
1
dx from part(i)..............(A)
4 0
(1 + x2 )
MEX12-3
let n = n + 2
 x n + 2+1
( n + 2 + 1) I n+ 2 = −
1
dx
4 0
(1 + x2 )
 x n +3
( n + 3) I n + 2 = −
1
dx ..................(B)
4 0
(1 + x2 )
(A)+(B) gives:
 x n +1  1 x n +3
( n + 1) I n + ( n + 3) I n+ 2 = −
(1 + x2 ) 4 0 (1 + x2 )
1
dx + − dx
4 0

 x n +1 + x n +3
−
1
= dx
2 0
(1 + x2 )
 x n +1 (1 + x 2 )
−
1
= dx
2 0
(1 + x ) 2
Award 2

−  x n +1 dx
1
= ~Complete correct
2 0

1 solution

 x n +1 
= −
2  n + 2  0
 1 Award 1
= −
2 n+2
~Significant progress
towards correct
solution
 Question 16 (d)(iv)
 1
from part (iii) ( n + 1) I n + ( n + 3) I n+ 2 = −
Award 2
2 n+2
let n = 2

1
~Complete correct
( 2 + 1) I 2 + ( 2 + 3) I 2+2 = − solution
2 2+2
 1
3I 2 + 5I 4 = − ..........................( A)
2 4
let n = 0
Award 1
MEX12-5  1
( 0 + 1) I 0 + ( 0 + 3) I 0+2 = −
2 0+2 ~Significant progress
 1 towards correct
I 0 + 3I 2 = − ...........................( B )
2 2
solution
 1
from part (ii) I 0 = − ln 2.....................(C )
4 2
Substitute (C ) into ( B)
 1  1
 − ln 2 + 3I 2 = −
4 2 2 2
 1  1
3I 2 = − − + ln 2
2 2 4 2
 1 1
3I 2 = − + ln 2 ...........( D)
4 2 2
Now, Substitute (B) into (A)
 1 1  1
− + ln 2 + 5 I 4 = − ..........................( A)
4 2 2 2 4
 1  1 1
5I 4 = − − + − ln 2
2 4 4 2 2
 1 1
5I 4 = + − ln 2
4 4 2
1 1 1 
I 4 =  + − ln 2 
5 4 4 2 