Blacktown Boys’ High School

2020
HSC Trial Examination

Mathematics Extension 1
General • Reading time – 10 minutes
Instructions • Working time – 2 hours
• Write using black pen
• Calculators approved by NESA may be used
• A reference sheet is provided for this paper
• All diagrams are not drawn to scale
• In Questions 11 – 14, show relevant mathematical reasoning and/or
calculations

Total marks: Section I – 10 marks (pages 3 – 7)

70 • Attempt Questions 1 – 10
• Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Section II – 60 marks (pages 8 – 12)

• Attempt Questions 11 – 14
• Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section

Assessor: X. Chirgwin

Student Name: _________________________________________

Teacher Name: _________________________________________

Students are advised that this is a trial examination only and cannot in any way guarantee the
content or format of the 2020 Higher School Certificate Examination.
BBHS 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

Section I

10 marks
Attempt Questions 1–10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Use the multiple choice answer sheet for Questions 1–10.

Q1. Part of the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 3 tan−1 𝑥𝑥 is shown below.

The equation of its asymptotes are

A. 𝑦𝑦 = ±3

𝜋𝜋
B. 𝑦𝑦 = ±
2

C. 𝑦𝑦 = ±3𝜋𝜋

3𝜋𝜋
D. 𝑦𝑦 = ±
2

Q2. The polynomial 2𝑥𝑥 3 − 5𝑥𝑥 2 − 16𝑥𝑥 + 24 has zeroes 𝛼𝛼, 𝛽𝛽 and 𝛾𝛾.

What is the value of 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼(𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽 + 𝛾𝛾) ?

A. −30

B. −20

C. 20

D. 30

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BBHS 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

−3 1
Q3. What is the angle between the vectors � � and � � ?
2 18

39
A. 𝜃𝜃 = cos −1 � �
65

39
B. 𝜃𝜃 = cos −1 �− �
65

33
C. 𝜃𝜃 = cos −1 � �
65

33
D. 𝜃𝜃 = cos −1 �− �
65

Q4. �����⃗ in terms of 𝒂𝒂, 𝒃𝒃 and 𝒄𝒄.

Express the vector 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

A. −𝒂𝒂 − 𝒃𝒃 − 𝒄𝒄

B. 𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃 + 𝒄𝒄

C. −𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃 + 𝒄𝒄

D. 𝒂𝒂 − 𝒃𝒃 − 𝒄𝒄

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BBHS 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

Q5. The differential equation that is best represented by the direction field below is

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
A. = 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1
B. =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
C. = 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1
D. =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑥𝑥

tan 5𝑥𝑥 − tan 4𝑥𝑥

Q6. Which expression is equivalent to ?
1 + tan 5𝑥𝑥 tan 4𝑥𝑥

tan 𝑥𝑥
A.
1 + tan 20𝑥𝑥

tan 5𝑥𝑥
B.
1 + tan 5𝑥𝑥

C. tan 9𝑥𝑥

D. tan 𝑥𝑥

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BBHS 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

Q7. Which expression is equal to � cos2 6𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 ?

cos 3 6𝑥𝑥
A. + 𝑐𝑐
18

1
B. (12𝑥𝑥 + cos 12𝑥𝑥) + 𝑐𝑐
24

1
C. (12𝑥𝑥 + sin 12𝑥𝑥) + 𝑐𝑐
24

1
D. (12𝑥𝑥 − sin 12𝑥𝑥) + 𝑐𝑐
24

𝜋𝜋
3
Q8. By letting 𝑢𝑢 = tan 𝑥𝑥, � tan2 𝑥𝑥 sec 2 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 can be expressed as
0

𝜋𝜋
3
A. � 𝑢𝑢2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0

√3
B. � 𝑢𝑢2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0

√3
C. � 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢
0

√3
D. � (𝑢𝑢4 + 𝑢𝑢2 )𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0

Q9. A private institution course regulation requires that the same number of students
achieve each grade from A to E where possible. What is the smallest number of
students required to ensure at least one particular grade is awarded 7 times?

A. 30

B. 31

C. 35

D. 36

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BBHS 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

Q10. Which graph best represents 𝑦𝑦 2 = 3 sin|2𝑥𝑥| ?

A.

B.

C.

D.

End of Section I

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BBHS 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

Section II
60 Marks
Attempt Questions 11–14
Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section

Answer each question on a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.

In Questions 11–14, your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or
calculations.

Question 11 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

a) Differentiate 𝑦𝑦 = 2 cos−1 (5𝑥𝑥) 1

b) Using the substitution 𝑢𝑢 = 2 − 𝑥𝑥 4 , find � 𝑥𝑥 3 (2 − 𝑥𝑥 4 )10 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3

4
c) Solve ≤1 3
3𝑥𝑥 + 1

d) A function 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) is given by 𝑥𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑥 + 3.

i) Explain why the domain of the function 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) must be restricted if 1

𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) is to have an inverse functions.

ii) Find the equation of the inverse function 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥) if the domain of 2
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) is restricted to 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 2.

iii) 2
State the domain and range of 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥), given the restriction in part ii).

iv) On the same diagram, sketch the graphs of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) and 3

𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥), showing clearly the coordinates of the end points and
the intercepts on the coordinate axes.

End of Questions 11

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BBHS 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

Question 12 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

a) Bags of lollipops are supposed to contain 50 lollipops. Production records

indicate that 92% of bags contain 50 lollipops. A batch of 15 bags is
sampled. If more than 2 bags do not contain exactly 50 lollipops, production
is stopped.

i) Find the probability, correct to four decimal places, that exactly 2 of 1

the 15 bags selected do not contain 50 lollipops.

ii) Find the probability, correct to four decimal places, that production is 2
stopped.

b) Two vectors are given by 𝑎𝑎 = 3𝑖𝑖 + 𝑚𝑚𝑗𝑗 and 𝑏𝑏 = −10𝑖𝑖 + 𝑛𝑛𝑗𝑗 where 𝑚𝑚, 𝑛𝑛 > 0.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

i) If �𝑎𝑎� = 5 and 𝑎𝑎 is perpendicular to 𝑏𝑏, find the values of 𝑚𝑚 and 𝑛𝑛. 2

~ ~ ~

ii) Hence find the unit vector 𝑏𝑏� . 1

~

𝑥𝑥 𝜋𝜋 𝑥𝑥
c) Use the substitution 𝑡𝑡 = tan to show that sec 𝑥𝑥 + tan 𝑥𝑥 = tan � + � 3
2 4 2

d) The polynomial 𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑏 has a double zero at 𝑥𝑥 = −5.

i) Find the values of 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏. 2

ii) Hence factorise 𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥) completely. 1

3
1
e) Using the substitution 𝑢𝑢 = √𝑥𝑥 find � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3
0 √𝑥𝑥(9 + 𝑥𝑥)

End of Questions 12

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BBHS 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

Question 13 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

a) Using mathematical induction, prove the following is true for all positive 3
integers 𝑛𝑛
1
1 + 6 + 11 + ⋯ + (5𝑛𝑛 − 4) = 𝑛𝑛(5𝑛𝑛 − 3)
2

b) Metal Fatigue is a phenomenon where a piece of steel will fail when

repeatedly subjected to force 𝐹𝐹. The endurance limit is the force below which
the steel will not break even if subjected to an infinite number of application
of that force. Let the number of applications be 𝑛𝑛.
The force and the number of applications are related by the differential

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
equation = −𝑘𝑘(𝐹𝐹 − 𝐹𝐹0 ) where 𝑘𝑘 and 𝐹𝐹0 are constants.
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

i) Show that 𝐹𝐹 = 275𝑒𝑒 −𝑘𝑘(𝑛𝑛−1) + 𝐹𝐹0 is a solution to the differential 1

equation.

ii) If 𝐹𝐹 = 350 when 𝑛𝑛 = 1, find the value of 𝐹𝐹0 . 1

iii) Find the exact value of 𝑘𝑘 if 𝐹𝐹 = 80 when 𝑛𝑛 = 200. 2

iv) Find the endurance limit. 1

c) i) Given that 5 cos 𝜃𝜃 − 5√3 sin 𝜃𝜃 = 𝐴𝐴 cos(𝜃𝜃 + 𝛼𝛼), find values of 𝐴𝐴 2

𝜋𝜋
and 𝛼𝛼 where 𝐴𝐴 > 0 and 0 < 𝛼𝛼 < .
2

ii) Hence find the maximum value of 5 cos 𝜃𝜃 − 5√3 sin 𝜃𝜃 + 15. 1

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1
d) Solve the differential equation = given that when 4
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 (2 − 𝑦𝑦)√2 − 𝑥𝑥 2

𝑥𝑥 = 1, 𝑦𝑦 = 0. Express 𝑦𝑦 as a function of 𝑥𝑥.

End of Questions 13

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BBHS 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

Question 14 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

a) The diagram below is a sketch of the graph of the function 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥).

2
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = +4
𝑥𝑥 + 1

Draw a separate half-page graph of each of the following functions, showing

all asymptotes and intercepts.

i) 𝑦𝑦 = |𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)| 1

ii) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(|𝑥𝑥|) 1
1
iii) 𝑦𝑦 = 2
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)

iv) 𝑦𝑦 2 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) 3

Question 14 continues on next page

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BBHS 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Trial Examination

Question 14 (continued)

𝑑𝑑 2 sin 𝑥𝑥
b) i) Show that �𝑒𝑒 � = 2 cos 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 2 sin 𝑥𝑥 1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

ii) The region bounded by the graph 𝑦𝑦 = √cos 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 sin 𝑥𝑥 and the 𝑥𝑥-axis 3
𝜋𝜋
between 𝑥𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥𝑥 = is rotated about the 𝑥𝑥-axis to form a
2
solid.

Using the result from part i), find the exact volume of this solid.

c) An open flat topped water trough in the shape of a triangular prism is being
emptied through a hole in its base at a constant rate of 18000 𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚3 per
second. Its top measures 1.5 metres by 4 metres and its triangular end has a
vertical height of 25 centimetres. When the water depth is ℎ centimetres the
water surface measures 𝑥𝑥 centimetres by 4 metres.

NOT TO
SCALE

i) Show that when the water depth is ℎ centimetres, the volume 𝑉𝑉 𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚3 2
of water in the trough is given by 𝑉𝑉 = 1200ℎ2

ii) Find the rate at which the depth of water is changing when 2
ℎ = 20 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.

End of Paper

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 2020 Mathematics Extension 1 AT4 Trial Solutions
Section 1
Q1 D 1 Mark
Asymptote for 𝑦𝑦 = tan−1 𝑥𝑥 is
𝜋𝜋
𝑦𝑦 = ±
2
Asymptote for 𝑦𝑦 = 3 tan−1 𝑥𝑥 is
3𝜋𝜋
𝑦𝑦 = ±
2

Q2 A 1 Mark
−5 5
𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽 + 𝛾𝛾 = − =
2 2
24
𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼 = − = −12
2

5
𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼(𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽 + 𝛾𝛾) = × −12 = −30
2

Q3 C 1 Mark
−3 × 1 + 2 × 18
cos 𝜃𝜃 =
�(−3)2 + 22 × √12 + 182
33
cos 𝜃𝜃 =
65
−1
33
𝜃𝜃 = cos � �
65

Q4 A 1 Mark
�����⃗
𝒄𝒄 + 𝒃𝒃 + 𝒂𝒂 = 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄
�����⃗
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = −𝒂𝒂 − 𝒃𝒃 − 𝒄𝒄

Q5 B 1 Mark
The vertical line segments on the line 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥, so option B and D are
possibilities. Positive gradients for 𝑥𝑥 = 0 and 𝑦𝑦 < 0 then gives option
B.

Q6 D 1 Mark
tan 5𝑥𝑥 − tan 4𝑥𝑥
1 + tan 5𝑥𝑥 tan 4𝑥𝑥
= tan(5𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑥𝑥)
= tan 𝑥𝑥

Q7 C 1 Mark
cos(2 × 6𝑥𝑥) = 2 cos 2 6𝑥𝑥 − 1
cos 12𝑥𝑥 + 1 = 2 cos 2 6𝑥𝑥
1
cos2 6𝑥𝑥 = (cos 12𝑥𝑥 + 1)
2

� cos 2 6𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

1
= �(cos 12𝑥𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2
1 1
= � sin 12𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥� + 𝑐𝑐
2 12
1 1
= sin 12𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐
24 2
1
= (sin 12𝑥𝑥 + 12𝑥𝑥) + 𝑐𝑐
24
Q8 B 1 Mark
𝜋𝜋
3
𝐼𝐼 = � tan2 𝑥𝑥 sec 2 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0

𝑢𝑢 = tan 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = sec 2 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝜋𝜋
𝑥𝑥 = , 𝑢𝑢 = √3
3
𝑥𝑥 = 0, 𝑢𝑢 = 0

√3
𝐼𝐼 = � 𝑢𝑢2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0

Q9 B 1 Mark
There are 5 grades from A to E. At least one grade awarded 7 times
implies each group has at least 6.
5 × 6 + 1 = 31
∴The least possible number of students in this group would be 31
students.

Q10 D 1 Mark
𝑦𝑦 2 = 3 sin|2𝑥𝑥|
𝑦𝑦 = ±�3 sin|2𝑥𝑥|
|2𝑥𝑥| has the graph reflecting along the 𝑦𝑦 axis, so option B and D are
possibilities. sin 2𝑥𝑥 has period 𝜋𝜋, therefore the only option is D.
Section 2
Q11a 𝑑𝑑 1 Mark
(2 cos−1 5𝑥𝑥)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Correct solution
5
=2×−
√1 − 25𝑥𝑥 2
10
=−
√1 − 25𝑥𝑥 2

Q11b 3 Marks
𝐼𝐼 = � 𝑥𝑥 3 (2 − 𝑥𝑥 4 )10 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Correct solution
𝑢𝑢 = 2 − 𝑥𝑥 4
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = −4𝑥𝑥 3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 Marks
Correct primitive
1 function in terms of 𝑢𝑢
𝐼𝐼 = − �(2 − 𝑥𝑥 4 )10 × −4𝑥𝑥 3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
4
1 1 Mark
𝐼𝐼 = − � 𝑢𝑢10 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
4 Correct substitution
1 𝑢𝑢11
𝐼𝐼 = − × + 𝑐𝑐
4 11
11
𝑢𝑢
𝐼𝐼 = − + 𝑐𝑐
44

(2 − 𝑥𝑥 4 )11
𝐼𝐼 = − + 𝑐𝑐
44

Q11c 4 1 3 Marks
≤1 𝑥𝑥 ≠ −
3𝑥𝑥 + 1 3 Correct solution

4(3𝑥𝑥 + 1) ≤ (3𝑥𝑥 + 1)2 2 Marks

4(3𝑥𝑥 + 1) − (3𝑥𝑥 + 1)2 ≤ 0 Identifies both
(3𝑥𝑥 + 1)[4 − (3𝑥𝑥 + 1)] ≤ 0 important values
(3𝑥𝑥 + 1)(−3𝑥𝑥 + 3) ≤ 0
(3𝑥𝑥 + 1)(𝑥𝑥 − 1) ≥ 0 1 Mark
Multiplies both sides by
1 the square of the
𝑥𝑥 < − , 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 1
3 denominator

Q11di 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑥 + 3 is a parabola. 1 Mark

Correct solution
For each value of 𝑦𝑦 value of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) except the turning point, there are
two 𝑥𝑥 values. A horizontal line will cut the graph twice.
If 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦 are swapped, each 𝑥𝑥 in the domain will have two 𝑦𝑦 values,
so the inverse will not be a function.

Q11dii 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑥 + 3 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 2 2 Marks

2
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = (𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑥𝑥 + 4) − 1 Correct solution
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = (𝑥𝑥 − 2)2 − 1
1 Mark
For 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥), swap 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦 Swaps 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦, and
𝑥𝑥 = (𝑦𝑦 − 2)2 − 1 𝑦𝑦 ≥ 2 attempts to find inverse
𝑥𝑥 + 1 = (𝑦𝑦 − 2)2 function
𝑦𝑦 − 2 = ±√𝑥𝑥 + 1
−√𝑥𝑥 − 1 is discarded as 𝑦𝑦 ≥ 2
𝑦𝑦 = 2 + √𝑥𝑥 + 1

∴ 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥) = 2 + √𝑥𝑥 + 1
Q11diii Domain: 𝑥𝑥 ≥ −1 as 𝑥𝑥 + 1 ≥ 0 2 Marks
Correct solution
Range: 𝑦𝑦 ≥ 2 as √𝑥𝑥 + 1 ≥ 0
1 Mark
Correct domain or
range
Q11div 3 Marks
Correct solution

2 Marks
Provides both graphs
with most key features
shown

1 Mark
Provides one correct
graph

Q12ai 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 = 2), 𝑋𝑋~𝐵𝐵(15, 0.18) 1 Mark

Correct solution
15
𝐶𝐶2 × 0.082 × 0.9213
= 0.227306 …
= 0.2273

Q12aii Production is stopped = 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 > 2) 2 Marks

Correct solution
1 − 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 ≤ 2)
= 1 − �𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 = 0) + 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 = 1) + 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 = 2)� 1 Mark
= 1 − � 15𝐶𝐶0 × 0.080 × 0.9215 + 15𝐶𝐶1 × 0.081 × 0.9214 + 15𝐶𝐶2 Shows that
× 0.082 × 0.9213 � 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 > 2)
= 0.112965 … = 1 − 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 ≤ 2)
= 0.1130

Q12bi 𝑎𝑎 = 3𝑖𝑖 + 𝑚𝑚𝑗𝑗 2 Marks

~ ~ ~
Correct solution
𝑏𝑏 = −10𝑖𝑖 + 𝑛𝑛𝑗𝑗
~ ~ ~
1 Mark
�𝑎𝑎� = 5 Finds the correct value
~
of 𝑚𝑚
32 + 𝑚𝑚2 = 52
𝑚𝑚 = �52 − 32 (𝑚𝑚 > 0)
𝑚𝑚 = 4

Since 𝑎𝑎 is perpendicular to 𝑏𝑏
~ ~
𝑎𝑎 ∙ 𝑏𝑏 = 0
~ ~
3 × −10 + 4 × 𝑛𝑛 = 0
4𝑛𝑛 = 30
30
𝑛𝑛 =
4
15
𝑛𝑛 =
2
Q12bii 𝑏𝑏 1 Mark
𝑏𝑏� = ~
Correct solution
~
�𝑏𝑏�
~
15
−10𝑖𝑖 +
~ 2 ~𝑗𝑗
𝑏𝑏� =
~ 2
�(−10)2 + �15�
2
15
−10𝑖𝑖 +
2 𝑗𝑗
~
𝑏𝑏� = ~
~ 2
�(−10)2 + �15�
2
15
−10𝑖𝑖 +
2 𝑗𝑗
~
𝑏𝑏� = ~
~ 25
2
1
𝑏𝑏� = �−4𝑖𝑖 + 3𝑗𝑗 �
~ 5 ~ ~

Q12c 𝑥𝑥 3 Marks
𝑡𝑡 = tan
2 Correct solution
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = sec 𝑥𝑥 + tan 𝑥𝑥
1 + 𝑡𝑡 2 2𝑡𝑡 2 Marks
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 2
+
1 − 𝑡𝑡 1 − 𝑡𝑡 2 Makes significant
𝑡𝑡 2 + 2𝑡𝑡 + 1 progress and uses
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
1 − 𝑡𝑡 2 compound angle
(𝑡𝑡 + 1)2
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = formula correctly
(1 + 𝑡𝑡)(1 − 𝑡𝑡)
1 + 𝑡𝑡
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 1 Mark
1 − 𝑡𝑡 Correct substitution of 𝑡𝑡
𝜋𝜋 𝑥𝑥
tan 4 + tan formula for sec 𝑥𝑥 +
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 2
𝜋𝜋 𝑥𝑥 tan 𝑥𝑥
1 − tan 4 tan 2
𝜋𝜋 𝑥𝑥
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = tan � + �
4 2
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅

Q12di 𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 Marks

𝑃𝑃′ (𝑥𝑥) = 6𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 Correct solution

Double root at 𝑥𝑥 = −5 1 Mark

𝑃𝑃′ (−5) = 0 Uses multiple root
6(−5)2 + 2𝑎𝑎(−5) = 0 theorem to obtain the
150 = 10𝑎𝑎 correct value for 𝑎𝑎
𝑎𝑎 = 15

𝑃𝑃(−5) = 0
2(−5)3 + 15(−5)2 + 𝑏𝑏 = 0
125 + 𝑏𝑏 = 0
𝑏𝑏 = −125

Q12dii 𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑥 3 + 15𝑥𝑥 2 − 125 1 Mark

𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥) = (𝑥𝑥 + 5)(𝑥𝑥 + 5)(2𝑥𝑥 − 5) Correct solution

Q12e 𝑢𝑢 = √𝑥𝑥 3 Marks

1 1 1 Correct solution
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑥𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 2√𝑥𝑥
2 Marks
𝑥𝑥 = 3 𝑢𝑢 = √3 Correct integration
𝑥𝑥 = 0 𝑢𝑢 = 0
1 Mark
 Obtains correct
3 integrand in terms of 𝑢𝑢
1
𝐼𝐼 = � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0 √𝑥𝑥(9 + 𝑥𝑥)
3
1 1
𝐼𝐼 = 2 � × 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0 (9 + 𝑥𝑥) 2√𝑥𝑥
√3 1
𝐼𝐼 = 2 � 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0 (9 + 𝑢𝑢 )
1 𝑢𝑢 √3
𝐼𝐼 = 2 × � tan−1 �
3 3 0
2 √3
𝐼𝐼 = �tan−1 − tan−1 0�
3 3
2 𝜋𝜋
𝐼𝐼 = ×
3 6
𝜋𝜋
𝐼𝐼 =
9

Q13a 1 3 Marks
1 + 6 + 11 + ⋯ + (5𝑛𝑛 − 4) = 𝑛𝑛(5𝑛𝑛 − 3)
2 Correct solution

1. Prove statement is true for 𝑛𝑛 = 1 2 Marks

𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 1 Makes significant
1 progress
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = × 1 × (5 × 1 − 3)
2
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 1 1 Mark
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 Proves initial case
∴Statement is true for 𝑛𝑛 = 1

2. Assume statement is true for 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑘𝑘 (𝑘𝑘 some positive integer)

i.e.
1
1 + 6 + 11 + ⋯ + (5𝑘𝑘 − 4) = 𝑘𝑘(5𝑘𝑘 − 3)
2

3. Prove statement is true for 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑘𝑘 + 1

i.e.
1 + 6 + 11 + ⋯ + (5𝑘𝑘 − 4) + (5(𝑘𝑘 + 1) − 4)
1
= (𝑘𝑘 + 1)(5(𝑘𝑘 + 1) − 3)
2
1
1 + 6 + 11 + ⋯ + (5𝑘𝑘 − 4) + (5𝑘𝑘 + 1) = (𝑘𝑘 + 1)(5𝑘𝑘 + 2)
2

𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 1 + 6 + 11 + ⋯ + (5𝑘𝑘 − 4) + (5𝑘𝑘 + 1)

1
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 𝑘𝑘(5𝑘𝑘 − 3) + (5𝑘𝑘 + 1)
2
(from step 2)

1
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 𝑘𝑘(5𝑘𝑘 − 3) + (5𝑘𝑘 + 1)
2
1
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = (5𝑘𝑘 2 − 3𝑘𝑘 + 10𝑘𝑘 + 2)
2
1
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = (5𝑘𝑘 2 + 7𝑘𝑘 + 2)
2
1
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = (𝑘𝑘 + 1)(5𝑘𝑘 + 2)
2
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅

∴Statement is true by mathematical induction for all positive integers.

Q13bi 𝐹𝐹 = 275𝑒𝑒 −𝑘𝑘(𝑛𝑛−1) + 𝐹𝐹0 1 Mark
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Correct solution
= −𝑘𝑘 × 275𝑒𝑒 −𝑘𝑘(𝑛𝑛−1)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= −𝑘𝑘 × �275𝑒𝑒 −𝑘𝑘(𝑛𝑛−1) + 𝐹𝐹0 − 𝐹𝐹0 �
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= −𝑘𝑘 × (𝐹𝐹 − 𝐹𝐹0 )
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

Q13bii 𝐹𝐹 = 350, 𝑛𝑛 = 1 1 Mark

350 = 275𝑒𝑒 −𝑘𝑘(1−1) + 𝐹𝐹0 Correct solution
350 = 275𝑒𝑒 0 + 𝐹𝐹0
𝐹𝐹0 = 350 − 275
𝐹𝐹0 = 75

Q13biii 𝐹𝐹 = 80, 𝑛𝑛 = 200, 𝐹𝐹0 = 75 2 Marks

80 = 275𝑒𝑒 −𝑘𝑘(200−1) + 75 Correct solution
5 = 275𝑒𝑒 −199𝑘𝑘
5 1 Mark
= 𝑒𝑒 −199𝑘𝑘
275 Makes significant
1 progress
= 𝑒𝑒 −199𝑘𝑘
55
1
ln � � = −199𝑘𝑘
55
1
ln � �
𝑘𝑘 = 55
−199
ln 55
𝑘𝑘 =
199

Q13biv As 𝑛𝑛 → ∞, 𝑒𝑒 −∞ → 0 1 Mark
𝐹𝐹 = 275𝑒𝑒 −𝑘𝑘(𝑛𝑛−1) + 𝐹𝐹0 Correct solution
𝐹𝐹 → 0 + 75
𝐹𝐹 → 75
∴The endurance limit is 75.

Q13ci 5 cos 𝜃𝜃 − 5√3 sin 𝜃𝜃 = 𝐴𝐴 cos(𝜃𝜃 + 𝛼𝛼) 2 Marks

5 cos 𝜃𝜃 − 5√3 sin 𝜃𝜃 = 𝐴𝐴 cos 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝛼𝛼 − 𝐴𝐴 sin 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝛼𝛼 Correct solution
𝐴𝐴 cos 𝛼𝛼 = 5 (1)
𝐴𝐴 sin 𝛼𝛼 = 5√3 (2) 1 Mark
Finds the correct value
(1)2 + (2)2 for 𝐴𝐴 or 𝛼𝛼
2
𝐴𝐴2 cos2 𝛼𝛼 + 𝐴𝐴2 sin2 𝛼𝛼 = 52 + �5√3�
𝐴𝐴2 = 100
𝐴𝐴 = 10

(1) ÷ (2)
5√3
tan 𝛼𝛼 =
5
𝜋𝜋
𝛼𝛼 =
3

Q13cii 𝜋𝜋 1 Mark
5 cos 𝜃𝜃 − 5√3 sin 𝜃𝜃 = 10 cos �𝜃𝜃 + �
3 Correct solution
𝜋𝜋
5 cos 𝜃𝜃 − 5√3 sin 𝜃𝜃 + 15 = 10 cos �𝜃𝜃 + � + 15
3
𝜋𝜋
Maximum value of 10 cos �𝜃𝜃 + � is 10
3
Maximum value of 5 cos 𝜃𝜃 − 5√3 sin 𝜃𝜃 + 15 is 10 + 15 = 25
Q13d 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 4 Marks
=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 (2 − 𝑦𝑦)√2 − 𝑥𝑥 2 Correct solution
1
(2 − 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3 Marks
√2 − 𝑥𝑥 2
1 Makes significant
�(2 − 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 progress
√2 − 𝑥𝑥 2
𝑦𝑦 2 𝑥𝑥
2𝑦𝑦 − = sin−1 � � + 𝑐𝑐 2 Marks
2 √2 Correct primitive
function
𝑥𝑥 = 1, 𝑦𝑦 = 0

02 1 1 Mark
2×0− = sin−1 � � + 𝑐𝑐 Shows split
2 √2
𝜋𝜋 (2 − 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0 = + 𝑐𝑐 1
4 = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝜋𝜋 √2 − 𝑥𝑥 2
𝑐𝑐 = −
4

𝑦𝑦 2 𝑥𝑥 𝜋𝜋
2𝑦𝑦 − = sin−1 � � −
2 √2 4
𝜋𝜋 𝑥𝑥
𝑦𝑦 2 − 4𝑦𝑦 = − 2 sin−1 � �
2 √2
𝜋𝜋 𝑥𝑥
𝑦𝑦 − 4𝑦𝑦 + 4 = − 2 sin−1 � � + 4
2
2 √2
𝜋𝜋 𝑥𝑥
(𝑦𝑦 − 2)2 = + 4 − 2 sin−1 � �
2 √2
𝜋𝜋 𝑥𝑥
𝑦𝑦 − 2 = ±� + 4 − 2 sin−1 � �
2 √2
𝜋𝜋 𝑥𝑥
𝑦𝑦 = 2 ± � + 4 − 2 sin−1 � �
2 √2

Since 𝑥𝑥 = 1, 𝑦𝑦 = 0
𝜋𝜋 𝑥𝑥
∴ 𝑦𝑦 = 2 − � + 4 − 2 sin−1 � �
2 √2

Q14ai 𝑦𝑦 = |𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)| 1 Mark

Correct solution
Q14aii 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(|𝑥𝑥|) 1 Mark
Correct solution

Q14aiii 1 2 Marks
𝑦𝑦 =
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) Correct solution
1
Horizontal asymptote becomes 𝑦𝑦 =
4
1 Mark
Vertical asymptote becomes 𝑥𝑥 = −1.5
1 Correct graph with
𝑦𝑦 intercept becomes 𝑦𝑦 = some key features
6
shown
Q14aiv 𝑦𝑦 2 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) 3 Marks
Horizontal asymptote becomes 𝑦𝑦 = 2 Correct solution
𝑦𝑦 intercepts becomes 𝑦𝑦 = ±√6
2 Marks
Correct graph with most
key features shown

1 Mark
Correct graph of
𝑦𝑦 = �𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)

Q14bi 𝑑𝑑 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) 1 Mark

�𝑒𝑒 � = 𝑓𝑓′(𝑥𝑥)𝑒𝑒 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Correct solution
𝑑𝑑 2 sin 𝑥𝑥
�𝑒𝑒 � = 2 cos 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 2 sin 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝜋𝜋
Q14bii 2 2
3 Marks
𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋 � �√cos 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 sin 𝑥𝑥 � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Correct solution
0
𝜋𝜋
2
𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋 � cos 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 2 sin 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 Marks
0 Makes significant
𝜋𝜋
𝜋𝜋 2 progress
𝑉𝑉 = � 2 cos 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 2 sin 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 0
𝜋𝜋 2 sin 𝑥𝑥 𝜋𝜋2 1 Mark
𝑉𝑉 = �𝑒𝑒 �0 Provides correct
2
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋 integrand for volume of
𝑉𝑉 = �𝑒𝑒2 sin2 − 𝑒𝑒2 sin 0 � revolution
2
𝜋𝜋 2
𝑉𝑉 = �𝑒𝑒 − 1� 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑠𝑠 3
2

Q14ci By similar triangles 2 Marks

𝑥𝑥 ℎ Correct solution
=
150 25
𝑥𝑥 = 6ℎ 1 Mark
Finds 𝑥𝑥 in terms of ℎ
1
𝑉𝑉 = × 𝑥𝑥 × ℎ × 400
2
1
𝑉𝑉 = × 6ℎ × ℎ × 400
2
𝑉𝑉 = 1200ℎ2

Q14cii 𝑑𝑑ℎ 2 Marks

=?
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Correct solution

𝑑𝑑ℎ 𝑑𝑑ℎ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 Mark

= × 𝑑𝑑ℎ
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Finds
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= −18000 𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚3 /𝑠𝑠
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

𝑉𝑉 = 1200ℎ2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 2400ℎ
𝑑𝑑ℎ
𝑑𝑑ℎ 1
=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2400ℎ

When ℎ = 20 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑ℎ 1
= × −18000
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2400 × 20
𝑑𝑑ℎ 3
= − = −0.375 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐/𝑠𝑠
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 8

∴ water level is falling at a rate of 0.375 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐/𝑠𝑠