Blacktown Boys’ High School

2018
HSC Trial Examination

Mathematics Extension 2
General • Reading time – 5 minutes
Instructions • Working time – 3 hours
• Write using black pen
• NESA approved calculators may be used
• A reference sheet is provided for this paper
• All diagrams are not drawn to scale
• In Questions 11 – 16, show relevant mathematical reasoning and/or
calculations

Total marks: Section I – 10 marks (pages 3 – 6)

100 • Attempt Questions 1 – 10
• Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Section II – 90 marks (pages 7 – 12)

• Attempt Questions 11 – 16
• Allow about 2 hours and 45 minutes for this section

Assessor: X. Chirgwin

Student Name: _________________________________________

Teacher Name: _________________________________________

Students are advised that this is a trial examination only and cannot in any way guarantee the
content or format of the 2018 Higher School Certificate Examination.
BBHS 2018 HSC Mathematics Extension 2 Trial Examination

Section I

10 marks
Attempt Questions 1–10

Use the multiple choice answer sheet provided on page 14 for Questions 1–10.

1 Which conic has eccentricity √21 ?

5

𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2
A. + =1
52 22

𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2
B. + =1
5 2

𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2
C. − =1
52 22

𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2
D. − =1
5 2

2 The polynomial 𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 3 − 5𝑥𝑥 2 + 7𝑥𝑥 + 13 has a zero at 𝑥𝑥 = 3 + 2𝑖𝑖. Which of

the graphs below could be the graph of = 𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥) ?

A. B.

C. D.

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BBHS 2018 HSC Mathematics Extension 2 Trial Examination

3 What value of 𝑧𝑧 satistifes 𝑧𝑧 2 = 32 + 24𝑖𝑖 ?

A. 2 + 6𝑖𝑖

B. 2 − 6𝑖𝑖

C. 6 + 2𝑖𝑖

D. 6 − 2𝑖𝑖

4 If 𝑤𝑤 is a complex root of 𝑧𝑧 5 − 1 = 0, then (1 + 𝑤𝑤 − 𝑤𝑤 2 + 𝑤𝑤 3 + 𝑤𝑤 4 )2018 is equal to

A. 22018 𝑤𝑤 3

B. 22018 𝑤𝑤 2

C. 22018 𝑤𝑤

D. 22018

5 The primitive function of cos3 𝑥𝑥 is

1
A. sin 𝑥𝑥 − sin3 𝑥𝑥 + 𝐶𝐶
3

1 3
B. sin 𝑥𝑥 − sin 𝑥𝑥 + 𝐶𝐶
3

1 4
C. sin 𝑥𝑥 + 𝐶𝐶
4

1
D. cos4 𝑥𝑥 + 𝐶𝐶
4

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BBHS 2018 HSC Mathematics Extension 2 Trial Examination

6 Consider the region bounded by the 𝑦𝑦-axis, the line 𝑦𝑦 = 3 and the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 .
If the region is rotated about the line 𝑦𝑦 = 3, which expression gives the volume of
the solid of revolution?
3
A. 𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋 � (3 − 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1

ln 3
B. 𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋 � (3 − 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0

3
C. 𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋 � (3 − 𝑦𝑦) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1

ln 3
D. 𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋 � 𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0

7 Which statement is true for these graphs?

A. 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = �𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)

B. |𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)| = 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥)

C. 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = [𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)]−1

D. 𝑓𝑓�√𝑥𝑥� = 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥)

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BBHS 2018 HSC Mathematics Extension 2 Trial Examination

8 Suppose that 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) is a non-zero continuous odd function.

Which of the statement below is true?

1 1
A. � (𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) cos 𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2 � (𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) cos 𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
−1 0

1 1
B. � (𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 2 ) sin 𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2 � (𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 2 ) sin 𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
−1 0

1 1
C. � (𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) tan 𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2 � (𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) tan 𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
−1 0

1 1
D. � (𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 2 )𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 )𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2 � (𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 2 )𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 )𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
−1 0

9 A committee of three to be chosen at random from 6 women and 𝑛𝑛 men (𝑛𝑛 ≥ 1).
Find the number of possible committees containing exactly one women.

𝑛𝑛
A. 𝐶𝐶2

B. 20

C. 6𝑛𝑛

D. 3𝑛𝑛(𝑛𝑛 − 1)

𝑐𝑐
10 The normal at the point 𝑃𝑃 �𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐, � on the rectangular hyperbola 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 𝑐𝑐 2 has
𝑝𝑝
equation 𝑝𝑝3 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝4 − 𝑐𝑐. This normal cuts the hyperbola at a second point
𝑐𝑐
𝑄𝑄 �𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐, � .
𝑞𝑞
What is the relationship between 𝑝𝑝 and ?

A. 𝑝𝑝3 𝑞𝑞 = −1

B. 𝑝𝑝𝑞𝑞 4 = −1

C. 𝑝𝑝2 𝑞𝑞 = −1

D. 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = −1

End of Section I

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BBHS 2018 HSC Mathematics Extension 2 Trial Examination

Section II
90 Marks
Attempt Questions 11–16
Answer each question on a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.

In Questions 11–16, your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or
calculations.

Question 11 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

a) Let 𝑧𝑧 = √3 − 𝑖𝑖 and 𝑤𝑤 = 4√3 + 2𝑖𝑖

i) � + 𝑧𝑧 −1 in the form 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏, where 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏 are real.

Find 𝑤𝑤 2

ii) Express 𝑧𝑧 in modulus-argument form. 2

iii) Write 𝑧𝑧18 in its simplest form. 2

b) i) Find the numbers 𝐴𝐴, 𝐵𝐵 and 𝐶𝐶 such that 2

2𝑥𝑥 2 + 9𝑥𝑥 + 1 𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 + 𝐶𝐶
= + 2
(𝑥𝑥 − 2)(𝑥𝑥 + 5) 𝑥𝑥 − 2 𝑥𝑥 + 5
2

ii) Hence, or otherwise, find 2

2𝑥𝑥 2 + 9𝑥𝑥 + 1
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(𝑥𝑥 − 2)(𝑥𝑥 2 + 5)

𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2
c) Sketch + = 1 indicating the coordinates of its foci and equations 2
16 11
of the directrices.

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
d) Find the value of at the point (−1, 5) on the curve 𝑥𝑥 3 𝑦𝑦 2 = 10 + 𝑦𝑦 . 3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

End of Questions 11

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BBHS 2018 HSC Mathematics Extension 2 Trial Examination

Question 12 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

a) The diagram below shows the graph of the function 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = √𝑥𝑥 + 1 − 2.

On separate diagrams sketch the following graphs, showing clearly any

intercepts on the coordinate axes, key points, and the equations of any
asymptotes:
i) 𝑦𝑦 = |𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)| 1

ii) 𝑦𝑦 = [𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)]2 2

iii) 𝑦𝑦 2 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) 2

iv) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 2 ) 2
1
v) 𝑦𝑦 = 2
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)

vi) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 ∙ 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) 2

vii) 𝑦𝑦 = log 𝑒𝑒 [𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)] 2

b) 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 is a rectangle on the Argand diagram shown below, where 𝑂𝑂 is the 2

origin. If 𝐴𝐴 represents the complex number 2 + 6𝑖𝑖, find the complex
numbers represented by 𝐵𝐵 and 𝐶𝐶, given that the side 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 is half the length of
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂.

End of Questions 12

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BBHS 2018 HSC Mathematics Extension 2 Trial Examination

Question 13 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

a) If 𝛼𝛼, 𝛽𝛽 and 𝛾𝛾 are the roots of the polynomial equation 2𝑥𝑥 3 − 7𝑥𝑥 + 3 = 0 ,
form the polynomial equation with roots:

i) 𝛼𝛼 + 1, 𝛽𝛽 + 1, and 𝛾𝛾 + 1 2

ii) 𝛼𝛼 −2 , 𝛽𝛽 −2 , and 𝛾𝛾 −2 2

𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2 𝑦𝑦 2 𝑥𝑥 2
b) Consider the hyperbolas 𝐻𝐻1 : − = 1 and 𝐻𝐻2 : − =1.
9 16 16 9
i) Show that the foci of both hyperbolas lies on the same circle. 2

ii) Hence, or otherwise, write down the equation of this circle. 1

𝑎𝑎
c) Evaluate � 𝑥𝑥 sin(𝑎𝑎 − 𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3
0

d) i) Find, in modulus-argument form, the three cube roots of −64. 2

ii) Write the two unreal cube roots of −64 in the form 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏, where 𝑎𝑎 1
and 𝑏𝑏 are real.

iii) If 𝑤𝑤1 and 𝑤𝑤2 are the unreal cube roots of −64, show that 2
𝑤𝑤16𝑛𝑛 + 𝑤𝑤26𝑛𝑛 = 212𝑛𝑛+1
for all integers 𝑛𝑛.

End of Questions 13

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BBHS 2018 HSC Mathematics Extension 2 Trial Examination

Question 14 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

a) Find, by the method of cylindrical shells, the volume of the solid generated 3
when the region bounded by the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 + 3, the lines 𝑥𝑥 = 2 and the
𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦 axes is rotated about the line 𝑥𝑥 = 4.

𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐
b) The distinct points 𝑃𝑃 �𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐, � and 𝑄𝑄 �𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐, � are on the same branch of the
𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞
Hyperbola with the equation 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 𝑐𝑐 2. The tangents at 𝑃𝑃 and 𝑄𝑄 meet at the
point 𝑇𝑇.

i) Show that the equation of the tangent at 𝑃𝑃 is +𝑝𝑝2 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 . 2

2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2𝑐𝑐
ii) Show that 𝑇𝑇 has coordinates � , �. 2
𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞 𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞

iii) Let 𝑃𝑃 and 𝑄𝑄 move so that the tangent at 𝑃𝑃 intersects the 𝑥𝑥-axis at 4
(𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐, 0). Show that the locus of 𝑇𝑇 is a hyperbola and state its
eccentricity.

c) A sequence of numbers 𝑇𝑇𝑛𝑛 , 𝑛𝑛 = 1, 2, 3, … is defined by 𝑇𝑇1 = 2, 𝑇𝑇2 = 0 and 4

𝑇𝑇𝑛𝑛 = 2𝑇𝑇𝑛𝑛−1 − 2𝑇𝑇𝑛𝑛−2 for 𝑛𝑛 = 3, 4, 5, … .
Use mathematical induction to show that
𝑛𝑛+2 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
𝑇𝑇𝑛𝑛 = �√2� cos � � , 𝑛𝑛 = 1, 2, 3, …
4

End of Questions 14

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BBHS 2018 HSC Mathematics Extension 2 Trial Examination

Question 15 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

a) A chocolate has a circular base of radius 2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐. If every section 3

perpendicular to this base is an equilateral triangle, find the volume of
chocolate needed to make a box of 30 such chocolates.

𝑛𝑛
(1 − 𝑡𝑡)𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛−1
1
b) i) Show that = 𝑡𝑡 � − 1� 1
𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡
𝑥𝑥 (1
− 𝑡𝑡)𝑛𝑛
ii) Let 𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑛 = � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 , 𝑛𝑛 = 1,2,3, … 3
1 𝑡𝑡

(1 − 𝑥𝑥)𝑛𝑛
Show that 𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑛 = + 𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑛−1
𝑛𝑛

c) If a root of the cubic equation 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑏𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 𝑑𝑑 = 0 is equal to the 3

reciprocal of another root, show that
𝑎𝑎2 − 𝑑𝑑2 = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏

d) The diagram below shows two tangents 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 and 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 drawn to a circle from a
point 𝑃𝑃 outside the circle. Through 𝑇𝑇, a chord 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 is drawn parallel to the
tangent 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃. The secant 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 meets the circle at 𝐸𝐸, and 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 produced meets 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
at 𝐹𝐹.

i) Prove that ∆𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 is similar to ∆𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 . 2

ii) Hence show that 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 2 = 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 × 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 . 1

iii) Hence, or otherwise, prove that 𝐹𝐹 is the midpoint of 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃. 2

End of Questions 15

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BBHS 2018 HSC Mathematics Extension 2 Trial Examination

Question 16 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

a) Four letters are chosen from the letters of the word TELEGRAPH. 2
These four letters are then placed alongside one another to form a four letter
arrangement. Find the number of distinct four letter arrangements which are
possible, considering all choices.

b) If 𝑚𝑚 > 0, 𝑛𝑛 > 0, 𝑝𝑝 > 0, 𝑞𝑞 > 0, show that

i) 𝑚𝑚 + 𝑛𝑛 ≥ 2√𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 . 1

ii) (𝑚𝑚 + 𝑛𝑛)(𝑛𝑛 + 𝑝𝑝)(𝑚𝑚 + 𝑝𝑝) ≥ 8𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 . 2

𝑚𝑚 𝑛𝑛 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞
iii) + + + ≥ 4. 2
𝑛𝑛 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 𝑚𝑚

2 2 +1
c) Given that 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 , show that 𝑓𝑓 ′ (𝑥𝑥) = (2 log 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 + 1)𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 . 2

d) It is given that 𝐴𝐴 > 0, 𝐵𝐵 > 0 and 𝑛𝑛 is a positive integer.

𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛+1 − 𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛 𝐵𝐵 + 𝐵𝐵 𝑛𝑛+1 − 𝐵𝐵 𝑛𝑛 𝐴𝐴

i) Simplify . 1
𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵

ii) Deduce that 𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛+1 + 𝐵𝐵 𝑛𝑛+1 ≥ 𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛 𝐵𝐵 + 𝐵𝐵 𝑛𝑛 𝐴𝐴 . 2

𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵 𝑛𝑛 𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛 + 𝐵𝐵 𝑛𝑛
iii) Show by mathematical induction, that � � ≤ . 3
2 2

End of Paper

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 2018 Mathematics Extension 2 Trial Solutions
Section 1

1 A 1 Mark
Ellipse since 0 < 𝑒𝑒 < 1
𝑏𝑏 2 = 𝑎𝑎2 (1 − 𝑒𝑒 2 )
2
𝑏𝑏 2 √21
=1−� �
𝑎𝑎2 5
𝑏𝑏 2 4
2
=
𝑎𝑎 25
𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2
∴ 2+ 2=1
5 2

2 D 1 Mark
The graph has a positive 𝑦𝑦-intercept so only possibility is B or D.
Solving for stationary points, 𝑃𝑃′ (𝑥𝑥) = 0
3𝑥𝑥 2 − 10𝑥𝑥 + 7 = 0
(𝑥𝑥 − 1)(3𝑥𝑥 − 7) = 0
7
𝑥𝑥 = 1, 𝑥𝑥 =
3
Hence, stationary points occurs in the first quadrant.

3 C 1 Mark
(6 + 2𝑖𝑖)2
= 36 + 24𝑖𝑖 − 4
= 32 + 24𝑖𝑖

4 C 1 Mark
(1 + 𝑤𝑤 − 𝑤𝑤 2 + 𝑤𝑤 3 + 𝑤𝑤 4 )2018
= (1 + 𝑤𝑤 + 𝑤𝑤 2 + 𝑤𝑤 3 + 𝑤𝑤 4 − 2𝑤𝑤 2 )2018
= (−2𝑤𝑤 2 )2018 (1 + 𝑤𝑤 + 𝑤𝑤 2 + 𝑤𝑤 3 + 𝑤𝑤 4 = 0)
2018 4036
=2 𝑤𝑤
= 22018 𝑤𝑤 4035 𝑤𝑤
= 22018 𝑤𝑤

5 A 1 Mark
� cos 3 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

= � cos 𝑥𝑥 cos2 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

= � cos 𝑥𝑥 (1 − sin2 𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

= � (cos 𝑥𝑥 − cos 𝑥𝑥 sin2 𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

1
= sin 𝑥𝑥 − sin3 𝑥𝑥 + 𝐶𝐶
3

6 B 1 Mark
∆𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋(3 − 𝑦𝑦)2 ∆𝑥𝑥
ln 3
𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋 � (3 − 𝑦𝑦)2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0
ln 3
𝑉𝑉 = 𝜋𝜋 � (3 − 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 )2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0

7 B 1 Mark
|𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)| = 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥)
8 C 1 Mark
Odd × Odd = Even
1 1
∴ � (𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) tan 𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2 � (𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) tan 𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
−1 0

9 D 1 Mark
1 woman from 6 women and 2 men from 𝑛𝑛 men
6 𝑛𝑛!
𝐶𝐶1 × 𝑛𝑛𝐶𝐶2 = 6 ×
(𝑛𝑛 − 2)! 2!
6 𝑛𝑛
𝐶𝐶1 × 𝐶𝐶2 = 3𝑛𝑛(𝑛𝑛 − 1)

10 A 1 Mark
𝑄𝑄 lies on 𝑝𝑝3 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝4 − 𝑐𝑐
𝑐𝑐
𝑄𝑄 �𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐, �
𝑞𝑞
𝑐𝑐
𝑝𝑝3 × 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 − 𝑝𝑝 × = 𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝4 − 𝑐𝑐
𝑞𝑞
3
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 − = 𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝4 − 𝑐𝑐
𝑞𝑞
𝑝𝑝3 𝑞𝑞 2 − 𝑝𝑝 = 𝑝𝑝4 𝑞𝑞 − 𝑞𝑞
𝑝𝑝3 𝑞𝑞 2 − 𝑝𝑝4 𝑞𝑞 = 𝑝𝑝 − 𝑞𝑞
𝑝𝑝3 𝑞𝑞(𝑞𝑞 − 𝑝𝑝) = −(𝑞𝑞 − 𝑝𝑝)
𝑝𝑝3 𝑞𝑞 = −1
Section 2

Q11 a) i) � + 𝑧𝑧 −1
𝑤𝑤 2 Marks
1 √3 + 𝑖𝑖 Correct solution
= 4√3 − 2𝑖𝑖 + ×
√3 − 𝑖𝑖 √3 + 𝑖𝑖
√3 + 𝑖𝑖 1 Mark
= 4√3 − 2𝑖𝑖 + Obtains the correct
3+1
expressions for
17√3 7
= − 𝑖𝑖 � or 𝑧𝑧 −1
𝑤𝑤
4 4

Q11 a) ii) 𝑧𝑧 = √3 − 𝑖𝑖 2 Marks

|𝑧𝑧| = √3 + 1 = 2 Correct solution
−1 𝜋𝜋
arg 𝑧𝑧 = tan−1 � � = − 1 Mark
√3 6
Finds modulus or
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋 argument
𝑧𝑧 = 2 �cos �− � + 𝑖𝑖 sin �− ��
6 6
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
𝑧𝑧 = 2 �cos − 𝑖𝑖 sin �
6 6

Q11 a) iii) By de Moivre’s theorem and part ii) 2 Marks

𝑧𝑧18 Correct solution
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
= 218 �cos �18 × � − 𝑖𝑖 sin �18 × ��
6 6 1 Mark
= 218 (cos 3𝜋𝜋 − 𝑖𝑖 sin 3𝜋𝜋) Applies de Moivre’s
= −218 theorem

Q11 b) i) 𝐴𝐴(𝑥𝑥 2 + 5) + (𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 + 𝐶𝐶)(𝑥𝑥 − 2) = 2𝑥𝑥 2 + 9𝑥𝑥 + 1 2 Marks

Correct solution
Let 𝑥𝑥 = 2
𝐴𝐴 × (22 + 5) + 0 = 2 × 22 + 9 × 2 + 1 1 Mark
9𝐴𝐴 = 27 Find the correct value of
𝐴𝐴 = 3 𝐴𝐴 or 𝐵𝐵 or 𝐶𝐶 with
working
Let 𝑥𝑥 = 0
5𝐴𝐴 − 2𝐶𝐶 = 1
5 × 3 − 2𝐶𝐶 = 1
−2𝐶𝐶 = −14
𝐶𝐶 = 7

Let 𝑥𝑥 = 1
6𝐴𝐴 + (𝐵𝐵 + 𝐶𝐶)(1 − 2) = 2 + 9 + 1
6 × 3 + (𝐵𝐵 + 7) × −1 = 12
−𝐵𝐵 − 7 = −6
−𝐵𝐵 = 1
𝐵𝐵 = −1

Q11 b) ii) 2𝑥𝑥 2 + 9𝑥𝑥 + 1 2 Marks

� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Correct solution
(𝑥𝑥 − 2)(𝑥𝑥 2 + 5)
3 −𝑥𝑥 + 7
= �� + 2 � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 Mark
𝑥𝑥 − 2 𝑥𝑥 + 5
3 1 2𝑥𝑥 7 Attempts to integrate
=� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − � 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + � 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥 − 2 2 𝑥𝑥 + 5 𝑥𝑥 + 5 using partial fractions
1 7 𝑥𝑥 and makes significant
= 3 ln|𝑥𝑥 − 2| − ln|𝑥𝑥 2 + 5| + tan−1 + 𝐶𝐶
2 √5 √5 progress
(𝑥𝑥 − 2)3 7 𝑥𝑥
= ln � �+ tan−1 + 𝐶𝐶
√𝑥𝑥 2 + 5 √5 √5
Q11 c) 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2 2 Marks
+ =1 Correct solution and
16 11
graph
𝑏𝑏 2 = 𝑎𝑎2 (1 − 𝑒𝑒 2 )
11 = 16(1 − 𝑒𝑒 2 ) 1 Mark
11 Finding the correct the
= 1 − 𝑒𝑒 2
16 foci or equations of
11 directrices
𝑒𝑒 2 = 1 −
16
√5
𝑒𝑒 =
4

Foci (±𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎, 0)
√5
= �±4 × , 0�
4
= �±√5, 0�

Equations of directrices:
𝑎𝑎
𝑥𝑥 = ±
𝑒𝑒
4
𝑥𝑥 = ±
√5
4
16
𝑥𝑥 = ±
√5

Q11 d) 𝑥𝑥 3 𝑦𝑦 2 = 10 + 𝑦𝑦 3 Marks
Correct solution
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
3𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑥 3 × 2𝑦𝑦 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 Mark
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Correct differentiation
3𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2 = − 2𝑦𝑦𝑥𝑥 3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 Mark
(1 − 2𝑦𝑦𝑥𝑥 ) = 3𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 2
3 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Attempts to
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2 differentiate implicitly
=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 − 2𝑦𝑦𝑥𝑥 3 using the chain rule

At (−1, 5)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3 × (−1)2 × 52
=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 − 2 × 5 × (−1)3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 75
=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 11

Q12 a) i) 𝑦𝑦 = |𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)| 1 Mark

Correct graph
Q12 a) ii) 𝑦𝑦 = [𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)]2 2 Marks
Correct graph

1 Mark
Correct key points
indicated

Q12 a) iii) 𝑦𝑦 2 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) 2 Marks

Correct graph

1 Mark
Recognises correct
domain

Q12 a) iv) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥 2 ) 2 Marks

Correct graph

1 Mark
Recognises reflection
along the 𝑦𝑦-axis

Q12 a) v) 1 2 Marks
𝑦𝑦 =
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) Correct graph

1 Mark
Recognises and labels
the asymptote
Q12 a) vi) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 ∙ 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) 2 Marks
Correct graph

1 Mark
Correct key points
indicated

Q12 a) vii) 𝑦𝑦 = log 𝑒𝑒 [𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)] 2 Marks

Correct graph

1 Mark
Recognises correct
domain

Q12 b) 1 2 Marks
�����⃗ =
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 �����⃗ × (−𝑖𝑖)
× 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
2 Correct solution

1 1 Mark
�����⃗
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = × (2 + 6𝑖𝑖) × (−𝑖𝑖)
2 Finds the complex
�����⃗ = 3 − 𝑖𝑖
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 number representing 𝐶𝐶

�����⃗
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = �����⃗ �����⃗
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 + 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
�����⃗
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 2 + 6𝑖𝑖 + 3 − 𝑖𝑖
�����⃗
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 = 5 + 5𝑖𝑖

Q13 a) i) 2𝑥𝑥 3 − 7𝑥𝑥 + 3 = 0 2 Marks

Correct solution
Let 𝑥𝑥 = 𝛼𝛼 + 1
𝛼𝛼 = 𝑥𝑥 − 1 1 Mark
2(𝑥𝑥 − 1)3 − 7(𝑥𝑥 − 1) + 3 = 0 Recognises the
2(𝑥𝑥 3 − 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑥 − 1) − 7𝑥𝑥 + 7 + 3 = 0 relationships of the
2𝑥𝑥 3 − 6𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 + 8 = 0 roots and makes the
correct substitution
Q13 a) ii) 2𝑥𝑥 3 − 7𝑥𝑥 + 3 = 0 2 Marks
Correct solution
1
Let 𝑥𝑥 = 𝛼𝛼 −2 = 2
𝛼𝛼
1 1 Mark
𝛼𝛼 = ± Recognises the
√𝑥𝑥 relationships of the
3 roots and makes the
1 1
2 �± � − 7 �± �+3=0 correct substitution
√𝑥𝑥 √𝑥𝑥
2 7
± − �±
�+3=0
𝑥𝑥√𝑥𝑥 √𝑥𝑥
1 2
± � − 7� = −3
√𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
2
1 2
�± � − 7�� = (−3)2
√𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
1 4 28
� − + 49� = 9
𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑥𝑥
4 − 28𝑥𝑥 + 49𝑥𝑥 2 = 9𝑥𝑥 3
9𝑥𝑥 3 − 49𝑥𝑥 2 + 28𝑥𝑥 − 4 = 0

Q13 b) i) 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2 2 Marks
𝐻𝐻1 : − =1 Correct solution
9 16

𝑏𝑏 2 = 𝑎𝑎2 (𝑒𝑒 2 − 1) 1 Mark

16 = 9(𝑒𝑒 2 − 1) Provides the correct foci
16 for both hyperbolas
𝑒𝑒 2 = +1
9
5
𝑒𝑒 =
3
Foci of 𝐻𝐻1 : (±𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎, 0) = (±5, 0)

𝑦𝑦 2 𝑥𝑥 2
𝐻𝐻2 : − =1
16 9

𝑎𝑎2 = 𝑏𝑏 2 (𝑒𝑒 2 − 1)
9 = 16(𝑒𝑒 2 − 1)
9
𝑒𝑒 2 = +1
16
5
𝑒𝑒 =
4
Foci of 𝐻𝐻2 : (0, ±𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏) = (0, ±5)

The four foci are 5 units from the origin.

∴They all lie on the same circle with centre at origin and radius 5.

Q13 b) ii) 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 = 25 1 Mark

Correct solution

𝑎𝑎
Q13 c) 3 Marks
𝐼𝐼 = � 𝑥𝑥 sin(𝑎𝑎 − 𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0
Correct solution

𝑢𝑢 = 𝑥𝑥 𝑣𝑣′ = sin(𝑎𝑎 − 𝑥𝑥) 2 Marks

𝑢𝑢′ = 1 𝑣𝑣 = cos(𝑎𝑎 − 𝑥𝑥) Correct integration

𝑎𝑎
1 Mark
𝐼𝐼 = [𝑥𝑥 cos(𝑎𝑎 − 𝑥𝑥)]𝑎𝑎0 − � cos(𝑎𝑎 − 𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Attempts to integrate
0
𝐼𝐼 = [𝑎𝑎 cos(𝑎𝑎 − 𝑎𝑎) − 0] − [sin(𝑎𝑎 − 𝑥𝑥)]𝑎𝑎0 by parts
𝐼𝐼 = 𝑎𝑎 − sin 𝑎𝑎
Q13 d) i) 𝑧𝑧 3 = −64 2 Marks
𝑧𝑧 3 = 64(cos 𝜋𝜋 + 𝑖𝑖 sin 𝜋𝜋) Correct solution
𝑧𝑧 3 = 64(cos(𝜋𝜋 + 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘) + 𝑖𝑖 sin(𝜋𝜋 + 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘)) where 𝑘𝑘 is an integer
1 Mark
1 𝜋𝜋 + 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝜋𝜋 + 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 Applies De Moivre’
𝑧𝑧 = 643 �cos � � + 𝑖𝑖 sin � ��
3 3 theorem
𝜋𝜋 + 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝜋𝜋 + 2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑧𝑧 = 4 �cos � � + 𝑖𝑖 sin � ��
3 3

Let 𝑘𝑘 = −1, 0, 1
The three cube roots of −64 are:

𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
4 �cos �− � + 𝑖𝑖 sin �− ��,
3 3
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
4 �cos � � + 𝑖𝑖 sin � ��,
3 3
and 4(cos(𝜋𝜋) + 𝑖𝑖 sin(𝜋𝜋))

Q13 d) ii) 𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋 1 Mark

4 �cos �− � + 𝑖𝑖 sin �− ��
3 3 Correct solution
1 √3
= 4� − 𝑖𝑖�
2 2
= 2 − 2√3𝑖𝑖

𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
4 �cos � � + 𝑖𝑖 sin � ��
3 3
1 √3
= 4� + 𝑖𝑖�
2 2
= 2 + 2√3𝑖𝑖

Q13 d) iii) 𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
Let 𝑤𝑤1 = 4 �cos �− � + 𝑖𝑖 sin �− ��, 𝑤𝑤2 = 4 �cos � � + 𝑖𝑖 sin � ��
𝜋𝜋 2 Marks
3 3 3 3
Correct solution
𝑤𝑤16𝑛𝑛 + 𝑤𝑤26𝑛𝑛
= 𝑤𝑤16𝑛𝑛 + 𝑤𝑤26𝑛𝑛
1 Mark
= (𝑤𝑤13 )2𝑛𝑛 + (𝑤𝑤23 )2𝑛𝑛
Recognises the relation
= (−64)2𝑛𝑛 + (−64)2𝑛𝑛
of roots
= 642𝑛𝑛 + 642𝑛𝑛
= (26 )2𝑛𝑛 + (26 )2𝑛𝑛
= 2 × 212𝑛𝑛
= 212𝑛𝑛+1

Q14 a) 2 3 Marks
𝑉𝑉 = 2𝜋𝜋 � (4 − 𝑥𝑥)𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Correct solution
0
2
𝑉𝑉 = 2𝜋𝜋 � (4 − 𝑥𝑥)(𝑥𝑥 2 + 3) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 Marks
0
2 Correct primitive
𝑉𝑉 = 2𝜋𝜋 � (4𝑥𝑥 2 + 12 − 𝑥𝑥 3 − 3𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 function
0
2
4𝑥𝑥 3 𝑥𝑥 4 3𝑥𝑥 2 1 Mark
𝑉𝑉 = 2𝜋𝜋 � + 12𝑥𝑥 − − �
3 4 2 0 Applies cylindrical shell
4 × 23 2 4 3 × 22 method
𝑉𝑉 = 2𝜋𝜋 � + 12 × 2 − − �
3 4 2
148𝜋𝜋
𝑉𝑉 = 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑠𝑠 3
3
Q14 b) i) 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 𝑐𝑐 2 2 Marks
𝑐𝑐 2 Correct solution
𝑦𝑦 =
𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑐𝑐 2 1 Mark
=− 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 Obtains the correct
gradient of tangent at
𝑐𝑐 point 𝑃𝑃
𝑃𝑃 �𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐, �
𝑝𝑝
𝑐𝑐 2
𝑚𝑚𝑃𝑃 = −
(𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐)2
1
𝑚𝑚𝑃𝑃 = − 2
𝑝𝑝

Equation of tangent at 𝑃𝑃
𝑐𝑐 1
𝑦𝑦 − = − 2 (𝑥𝑥 − 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐)
𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝
𝑝𝑝2 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = −𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
∴ 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑝2 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐

Q14 b) ii) Similarly, equation of tangent at 𝑄𝑄 is 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑞𝑞 2 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 Marks

𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑝2 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 (1) Correct solution
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑞𝑞 2 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 (2)
1 Mark
(1) – (2) Obtains the correct 𝑥𝑥 or
(𝑝𝑝2 − 𝑞𝑞 2 )𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑐𝑐(𝑝𝑝 − 𝑞𝑞) 𝑦𝑦 coordinates of 𝑇𝑇
2𝑐𝑐(𝑝𝑝 − 𝑞𝑞)
𝑦𝑦 = 2
(𝑝𝑝 − 𝑞𝑞 2 )
2𝑐𝑐(𝑝𝑝 − 𝑞𝑞)
𝑦𝑦 =
(𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞)(𝑝𝑝 − 𝑞𝑞)
2𝑐𝑐
𝑦𝑦 =
𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞

Substitute into (1)

2𝑐𝑐
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑝2 × = 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞
2𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝2
𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 −
𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞
2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐(𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞) 2𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝2
𝑥𝑥 = −
𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞 𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞
2𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝2 + 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 − 2𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝2
𝑥𝑥 =
𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞
2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑥𝑥 =
𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞
2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2𝑐𝑐
∴ 𝑇𝑇 � , �
𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞 𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞

Q14 b) iii) Given (𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐, 0) lies on tangent at 𝑃𝑃: 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑝2 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 4 Marks
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 0 = 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 Correct solution
𝑞𝑞 = 2𝑝𝑝
3 Marks
2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2𝑐𝑐 Finds the locus of 𝑇𝑇
𝑇𝑇 � , �
𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞 𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞
2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 Marks
𝑥𝑥 =
𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞 Obtains 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦 in
terms 𝑝𝑝.
 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 × 2𝑝𝑝
𝑥𝑥 =
𝑝𝑝 + 2𝑝𝑝 1 Mark
4𝑐𝑐𝑝𝑝2 Establishing the
𝑥𝑥 = relationship of 𝑞𝑞 = 2𝑝𝑝
3𝑝𝑝
4𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑥𝑥 =
3
2𝑐𝑐
𝑦𝑦 =
𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞
2𝑐𝑐
𝑦𝑦 =
𝑝𝑝 + 2𝑝𝑝
2𝑐𝑐
𝑦𝑦 =
3𝑝𝑝

4𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2𝑐𝑐
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = ×
3 3𝑝𝑝
8𝑐𝑐 2
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 =
9

8𝑐𝑐 2 8𝑐𝑐 2
Since 9
is a constant, then 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 9
is a rectangular hyperbola with
eccentricity √2.

Q14 c) 𝑛𝑛+2 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 4 Marks

𝑇𝑇𝑛𝑛 = �√2� cos � �
4 Correct solution

1. Prove statement is true for 𝑛𝑛 = 1, 𝑛𝑛 = 2 3 Marks

1+2 𝜋𝜋
𝑇𝑇1 = �√2� cos � � Simplifies the 𝑇𝑇𝑘𝑘+1
4
1 terms and attempts to
𝑇𝑇1 = 2√2 × apply the difference of
√2
𝑇𝑇1 = 2 angles for cosine

2+2 2𝜋𝜋
𝑇𝑇2 = �√2� cos � �
4
𝑇𝑇2 = 4 × 0 2 Marks
𝑇𝑇2 = 0 Establish the statement
for 𝑇𝑇𝑘𝑘+1
∴ Statement is true for 𝑛𝑛 = 1 and 𝑛𝑛 = 2.
1 Mark
2. Assume statement is true for 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑘𝑘 (𝑘𝑘 some positive integer) Prove statement is true
𝑘𝑘+2 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 for 𝑛𝑛 = 1 and 𝑛𝑛 = 2
𝑇𝑇𝑘𝑘 = �√2� cos � �
4

3. Prove statement is true for 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑘𝑘 + 1

𝑘𝑘+3 (𝑘𝑘 + 1)𝜋𝜋
𝑖𝑖. 𝑒𝑒. 𝑇𝑇𝑘𝑘+1 = �√2� cos � �
4

𝑇𝑇𝑘𝑘+1 = 2𝑇𝑇𝑘𝑘 − 2𝑇𝑇𝑘𝑘−1

𝑘𝑘+2𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 (𝑘𝑘−1)+2 (𝑘𝑘 − 1)𝜋𝜋
𝑇𝑇𝑘𝑘+1 = 2 × �√2� cos � � − 2 × �√2� cos � �
4 4
𝑘𝑘+4 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑘𝑘+3 (𝑘𝑘 − 1)𝜋𝜋
𝑇𝑇𝑘𝑘+1 = �√2� cos � � − �√2� cos � �
4 4
𝑘𝑘+3 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝜋𝜋
𝑇𝑇𝑘𝑘+1 = �√2� �√2 cos � � − cos � − ��
4 4 4
 𝑘𝑘+3 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑇𝑇𝑘𝑘+1 = �√2� �√2 cos � �
4

𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝜋𝜋 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝜋𝜋
− �cos � � cos � � + sin � � sin � ���
4 4 4 4

𝑘𝑘+3 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝜋𝜋 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

𝑇𝑇𝑘𝑘+1 = �√2� �√2 cos � � − cos � � − sin � � sin � ��
4 √2 4 4 4
𝑘𝑘+3 1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝜋𝜋 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑇𝑇𝑘𝑘+1 = �√2� � cos � � − sin � � sin � ��
√2 4 4 4

𝑘𝑘+3 𝜋𝜋 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝜋𝜋 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

𝑇𝑇𝑘𝑘+1 = �√2� �cos � � cos � � − sin � � sin � ��
4 4 4 4
𝑘𝑘+3 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝜋𝜋
𝑇𝑇𝑘𝑘+1 = �√2� �cos � + ��
4 4
𝑘𝑘+3 (𝑘𝑘 + 1)𝜋𝜋
𝑇𝑇𝑘𝑘+1 = �√2� �cos �
4

∴ True by mathematical induction for all positive integers 𝑛𝑛.

Q15 a) 1 3 Marks
𝐴𝐴 = × 2𝑦𝑦 × 2𝑦𝑦 × sin 60°
2 Correct solution
𝐴𝐴 = √3𝑦𝑦 2
2 Marks
2
Makes significant
∆𝑉𝑉 = lim � √3𝑦𝑦 2 ∆𝑥𝑥 progress in finding the
∆𝑥𝑥→0
𝑥𝑥=−2 volume
2
𝑉𝑉 = � √3𝑦𝑦 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
−2 1 Mark
2
Finds the cross-sectional
𝑉𝑉 = 2√3 � (4 − 𝑥𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0
area
2
𝑥𝑥 3
𝑉𝑉 = 2√3 × �4𝑥𝑥 − �
3 0
23
𝑉𝑉 = 2√3 × �4 × 2 − �
3
32√3
𝑉𝑉 = 𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚3
3

∴ The total volume of 30 chocolates is

32√3
× 30 = 320√3 𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚3
3

Q15 b) i) (1 − 𝑡𝑡)𝑛𝑛 1 Mark

𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
𝑡𝑡 Correct solution
𝑛𝑛
1
�𝑡𝑡 � 𝑡𝑡 − 1��
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 ==
𝑡𝑡
𝑛𝑛
1
𝑡𝑡 𝑛𝑛 � 𝑡𝑡 − 1�
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
𝑡𝑡
𝑛𝑛
𝑡𝑡 𝑛𝑛 1
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 1 � − 1�
𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡
𝑛𝑛
(1 − 𝑡𝑡)𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛−1
1
∴ = 𝑡𝑡 � − 1�
𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡
 𝑥𝑥 (1
Q15 b) ii) − 𝑡𝑡)𝑛𝑛 3 Marks
𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑛 = � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1 𝑡𝑡 Correct solution
𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛
𝑛𝑛−1
1
𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑛 = � 𝑡𝑡 � − 1� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 Marks
1 𝑡𝑡
Correct substitution and
𝑢𝑢 = (𝑡𝑡 −1 − 1)𝑛𝑛 𝑣𝑣 ′ = 𝑡𝑡 𝑛𝑛−1 establishes reduction
1 𝑛𝑛−1
𝑡𝑡 𝑛𝑛 formula
′
𝑢𝑢 = 𝑛𝑛 � − 1� × (−𝑡𝑡 −2 ) 𝑣𝑣 =
𝑡𝑡 𝑛𝑛
1 Mark
𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛−1 Correct integration by
𝑡𝑡 𝑛𝑛 1 𝑥𝑥
1 𝑡𝑡 𝑛𝑛
𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑛 = � � − 1� � − � 𝑛𝑛 � − 1� × (−𝑡𝑡 2 ) × 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 parts
𝑛𝑛 𝑡𝑡 1 1 𝑡𝑡 𝑛𝑛
𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛−1
𝑥𝑥 1 1 1 1
𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑛 = � � − 1� − � − 1� � + � 𝑡𝑡 𝑛𝑛−2 � − 1� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛 1 1 𝑡𝑡
𝑛𝑛
𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛 1
𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑛 = � − 1� + 𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑛−1
𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑥
𝑛𝑛
𝑥𝑥 1
𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑛 = × 𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛−1 � − 1� + 𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑛−1
𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥 (1 − 𝑥𝑥)𝑛𝑛
𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑛 = × + 𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑛−1
𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑥
(1 − 𝑥𝑥) 𝑛𝑛
𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑛 = + 𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑛−1
𝑛𝑛

Q15 c) 1 3 Marks
𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑏𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 𝑑𝑑 = 0, let the roots be, 𝛼𝛼, 𝛼𝛼 , 𝛽𝛽
1 𝑏𝑏 Correct solution
𝛼𝛼 + + 𝛽𝛽 = − (1)
𝛼𝛼 𝑎𝑎
2 Marks
1 𝑑𝑑−𝑏𝑏
1 1 𝑐𝑐 Obtains 𝛼𝛼 + =
𝛼𝛼 × + 𝛼𝛼 × 𝛽𝛽 + × 𝛽𝛽 = 𝛼𝛼 𝑎𝑎
𝛼𝛼 𝛼𝛼 𝑎𝑎
1 𝑐𝑐
1 + 𝛽𝛽 �𝛼𝛼 + � = (2) 1 Mark
𝛼𝛼 𝑎𝑎 𝑑𝑑
Obtains 𝛽𝛽 = −
𝑎𝑎
1 𝑑𝑑
𝛼𝛼 × × 𝛽𝛽 = −
𝛼𝛼 𝑎𝑎
𝑑𝑑
𝛽𝛽 = − (3)
𝑎𝑎

Sub (3) into (1)

1 𝑑𝑑 𝑏𝑏
𝛼𝛼 + − = −
𝛼𝛼 𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎
1 𝑑𝑑 − 𝑏𝑏
𝛼𝛼 + = (4)
𝛼𝛼 𝑎𝑎

Sub (3) and (4) into (2)

𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑 − 𝑏𝑏 𝑐𝑐
1− � �=
𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎
𝑎𝑎2 − 𝑑𝑑2 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
𝑎𝑎2 − 𝑑𝑑2 = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏

Q15 d) i) In ∆𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 and ∆𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃, 2 Marks

∠𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = ∠𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 (common) Correct solution
∠𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = ∠𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 (alternate segment with 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 tangent)
∠𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 = ∠𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 (alternate angles, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 ∥ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃) 1 Mark
∴ ∠𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = ∠𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 Proves ∠𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = ∠𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
∴ ∆𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 is similar to ∆𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 (equiangular) with correct geometric
reasoning
Q15 d) ii) Since ∆𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 is similar to ∆𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃, then the corresponding sides are in 1 Mark
the same ratio. Correct solution
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
=
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
∴ 𝑃𝑃𝐹𝐹 2 = 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 × 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹

Q15 d) iii) 𝐹𝐹𝑆𝑆 2 = 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 × 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 (product of two intervals from the points to the circle 2 Marks
on the secant is equal to the square of the tangent) Correct solution
𝑃𝑃𝐹𝐹 2 = 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 × 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 (shown above)
𝐹𝐹𝑆𝑆 2 = 𝑃𝑃𝐹𝐹 2 1 Mark
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 Proves 𝐹𝐹𝑆𝑆 2 = 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 × 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
∴ 𝐹𝐹 is the midpoint of 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 with the correct
geometric reasoning

Q16 a) The letters ‘E’ occurs twice in TELEGRAPH 2 Marks

Correct solution
Case 1:
No ‘E’, consider the letters TLGRAPH 1 Mark
Number of selections is 7𝐶𝐶4 and the possible arrangements of this Makes some progress
selection is 4!
Number of arrangement with no ‘E’ is 7𝐶𝐶4 × 4! = 840

Case 2:
1 ‘E’ so 3 other letters from the remaining 7 letters is 7𝐶𝐶3 and the
arrangements of this selection is 4!
Number of arrangement with 1 ‘E’ is 7𝐶𝐶3 × 4! = 840

Case 3:
2 ‘E’s so 2 other letters from the remaining 7 letters is 7𝐶𝐶2 and the
4!
arrangements of this selection is
2!
4!
Number of arrangement with 2 ‘E’s is 7𝐶𝐶2 × = 252
2!

Total number of distinct arrangements = 840 + 840 + 252 = 1932

Q16 b) i) (𝑚𝑚 − 𝑛𝑛)2 ≥ 0 1 Mark

𝑚𝑚2 − 2𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 𝑛𝑛2 ≥ 0 Correct solution
𝑚𝑚2 + 2𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 𝑛𝑛2 ≥ 2𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 2𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
(𝑚𝑚 + 𝑛𝑛)2 ≥ 4𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑚𝑚 + 𝑛𝑛 ≥ 2√𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (∵ 𝑚𝑚 > 0, 𝑛𝑛 > 0)

Q16 b) ii) 𝑚𝑚 + 𝑛𝑛 ≥ 2√𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 2 Marks

𝑛𝑛 + 𝑝𝑝 ≥ 2�𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 Correct solution
𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞 ≥ 2�𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
1 Mark
Makes significant
(𝑚𝑚 + 𝑛𝑛)(𝑛𝑛 + 𝑝𝑝)(𝑚𝑚 + 𝑝𝑝) ≥ 2√𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 × 2�𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 × 2�𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
progress
(𝑚𝑚 + 𝑛𝑛)(𝑛𝑛 + 𝑝𝑝)(𝑚𝑚 + 𝑝𝑝) ≥ 8�𝑚𝑚2 𝑛𝑛2 𝑝𝑝2
(𝑚𝑚 + 𝑛𝑛)(𝑛𝑛 + 𝑝𝑝)(𝑚𝑚 + 𝑝𝑝) ≥ 8𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

Q16 b) iii) 𝑚𝑚 𝑛𝑛 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 𝑚𝑚 𝑛𝑛 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 2 Marks

� + � + � + � ≥ 2� × + 2� × Correct solution
𝑛𝑛 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 𝑚𝑚 𝑛𝑛 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 𝑚𝑚

𝑚𝑚 𝑛𝑛 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 𝑚𝑚 𝑝𝑝 1 Mark
� + � + � + � ≥ 2� + 2� Makes significant
𝑛𝑛 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 𝑚𝑚 𝑝𝑝 𝑚𝑚
progress
 𝑚𝑚 𝑛𝑛 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 𝑚𝑚 𝑝𝑝
� + � + � + � ≥ 2 �� + � �
𝑛𝑛 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 𝑚𝑚 𝑝𝑝 𝑚𝑚

𝑚𝑚 𝑛𝑛 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 𝑚𝑚 𝑝𝑝
� + � + � + � ≥ 2 �2�� × � �
𝑛𝑛 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 𝑚𝑚 𝑝𝑝 𝑚𝑚

𝑚𝑚 𝑛𝑛 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
� + � + � + � ≥ 2 �2�� �
𝑛𝑛 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑚𝑚 𝑛𝑛 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞
� + � + � + � ≥ 4�√1�
𝑛𝑛 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 𝑚𝑚
𝑚𝑚 𝑛𝑛 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞
� + �+� + � ≥4
𝑛𝑛 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 𝑚𝑚

Q16 c) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
2
2 Marks
log𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
2
Correct solution
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = �𝑒𝑒 �
𝑥𝑥 2 log𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑒𝑒 1 Mark
Makes significant
Let 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 log 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 progress
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑒𝑒 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥)
𝑓𝑓 ′ (𝑥𝑥) = 𝑔𝑔′ (𝑥𝑥)𝑒𝑒 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥)
1
𝑔𝑔′ (𝑥𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑥 log 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 2 ×
𝑥𝑥
𝑔𝑔′ (𝑥𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑥 log 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥
2
𝑓𝑓 ′ (𝑥𝑥) = (2𝑥𝑥 log 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥)𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 log𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥
2
𝑓𝑓′(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥(2 log 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 + 1)𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
2
𝑓𝑓′(𝑥𝑥) = (2 log 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 + 1)𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 +1

Q16 d) i) 𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛+1 − 𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛 𝐵𝐵 + 𝐵𝐵𝑛𝑛+1 − 𝐵𝐵𝑛𝑛 𝐴𝐴 1 Mark

𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵 Correct solution
𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛 (𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵) + 𝐵𝐵𝑛𝑛 (𝐵𝐵 − 𝐴𝐴)
=
𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵
𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛 (𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵) − 𝐵𝐵𝑛𝑛 (𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵)
=
𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵
(𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵)(𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛 − 𝐵𝐵𝑛𝑛 )
=
𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵
= 𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛 − 𝐵𝐵𝑛𝑛

Q16 c) ii) 𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛+1 + 𝐵𝐵𝑛𝑛+1 = (𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵)(𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛 − 𝐵𝐵𝑛𝑛 ) + 𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛 𝐵𝐵 + 𝐵𝐵𝑛𝑛 𝐴𝐴 2 Marks
Correct solution
Given that 𝐴𝐴 > 0, 𝐵𝐵 > 0,
If 𝐴𝐴 ≥ 𝐵𝐵, then 𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵 ≥ 0 and 𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛 − 𝐵𝐵𝑛𝑛 ≥ 0, 1 Mark
So (𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵)(𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛 − 𝐵𝐵𝑛𝑛 ) ≥ 0 Recognises and
If 𝐴𝐴 < 𝐵𝐵, then 𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵 < 0 and 𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛 − 𝐵𝐵𝑛𝑛 < 0, establishes relationship
So (𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵)(𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛 − 𝐵𝐵𝑛𝑛 ) > 0 from part i)
∴ (𝐴𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵)(𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛 − 𝐵𝐵𝑛𝑛 ) ≥ 0

Hence 𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛+1 + 𝐵𝐵𝑛𝑛+1 ≥ 0 + 𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛 𝐵𝐵 + 𝐵𝐵𝑛𝑛 𝐴𝐴

∴ 𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛+1 + 𝐵𝐵𝑛𝑛+1 ≥ 𝐴𝐴𝑛𝑛 𝐵𝐵 + 𝐵𝐵𝑛𝑛 𝐴𝐴

Q16 c) iii) 1. Prove statement is true for 𝑛𝑛 = 1. 3 Marks

𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵 1 Correct solution
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = � �
2
𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 =
2
 𝐴𝐴1 + 𝐵𝐵1 2 Marks
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = Makes significant
2
𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵 progress
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 =
2
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 1 Mark
∴ statement is true for 𝑛𝑛 = 1 Prove statement is true
for 𝑛𝑛 = 1.
2. Assume statement is true for 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑘𝑘 (𝑘𝑘 some positive integer)
i.e.
𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵 𝑘𝑘 𝐴𝐴𝑘𝑘 + 𝐵𝐵𝑘𝑘
� � ≤
2 2

3. Prove statement is true for 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑘𝑘 + 1

i.e.
𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵 𝑘𝑘+1 𝐴𝐴𝑘𝑘+1 + 𝐵𝐵𝑘𝑘+1
� � ≤
2 2

𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵 𝑘𝑘+1 𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵 𝑘𝑘 𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵
� � =� � � �
2 2 2
From step 2
𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵 𝑘𝑘+1 𝐴𝐴𝑘𝑘 + 𝐵𝐵𝑘𝑘 𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵
� � ≤ ×� �
2 2 2
𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵 𝑘𝑘+1 𝐴𝐴𝑘𝑘+1 + 𝐴𝐴𝑘𝑘 𝐵𝐵 + 𝐵𝐵𝑘𝑘 𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵𝑘𝑘+1
� � ≤
2 4
𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵 𝑘𝑘+1 𝐴𝐴𝑘𝑘+1 + 𝐵𝐵𝑘𝑘+1 𝐴𝐴𝑘𝑘 𝐵𝐵 + 𝐵𝐵𝑘𝑘 𝐴𝐴
� � ≤ +
2 4 4
From part ii)
𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵 𝑘𝑘+1 𝐴𝐴𝑘𝑘+1 + 𝐵𝐵𝑘𝑘+1 𝐴𝐴𝑘𝑘+1 + 𝐵𝐵𝑘𝑘+1
� � ≤ +
2 4 4
𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵 𝑘𝑘+1 2�𝐴𝐴𝑘𝑘+1 + 𝐵𝐵𝑘𝑘+1 �
� � ≤
2 4
𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵 𝑘𝑘+1 𝐴𝐴𝑘𝑘+1 + 𝐵𝐵𝑘𝑘+1
� � ≤
2 2

∴ Statement is true by mathematical induction for all positive integer

𝑛𝑛.