ACE

EXAM
Student name: ______________________
PAPER

YEAR 11
PAPER 1 YEARLY
EXAMINATION

Mathematics Extension 1

General – Working time - 90 minutes

Instructions – Write using black pen
– NESA approved calculators may be used
– A reference sheet is provided at the back of this paper
– For questions in Section II, show relevant mathematical reasoning
and/or calculations

Total marks: Section I – 5 marks

60 – Attempt Questions 1-5
– Allow about 8 minutes for this section

Section II – 55 marks
– Attempt all questions
– Allow about 1 hour and 22 minutes for this section

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 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

Section I

5 marks
Attempt questions 1 - 5
Allow about 8 minutes for this section

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for questions 1-5

A team of 5 is to be chosen from 9 students. How many different ways can this be done?
(A) 45
(B) 120
(C) 126
(D) 15 120

+
What is sec 𝜃 in terms of t where 𝑡 = tan , ?
1 + 𝑡,
(A)
1 − 𝑡,
1 − 𝑡,
(B)
1 + 𝑡,
2𝑡
(C)
1 + 𝑡,
1 + 𝑡,
(D)
2𝑡

𝑥
What is the solution to the inequality ≤3?
𝑥+1
2
(A) 𝑥 ≥ −1 and 𝑥 ≤ −
3
2
(B) 𝑥 ≥ −1 and 𝑥 ≥ −
3
2
(C) 𝑥 > −1 and 𝑥 ≤ −
3
2
(D) 𝑥 > −1 and 𝑥 ≥ −
3

A parabola has the parametric equations 𝑥 = 6𝑡 and 𝑦 = 3𝑡 , .

What is the equation of the tangent to the parabola at t = 3 ?
(A) 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 27 = 0
(B) 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 27 = 0
(C) 3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 27 = 0
(D) 3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 27 = 0

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 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

A bottle of water has a temperature of 23˚C and is placed in a refrigerator whose

temperature is 1˚C. The cooling rate of the bottle of water is proportional to the difference
between the temperature of the refrigerator and the temperature T of the bottle of water.
This is expressed by the equation:

𝑑𝑇
= −𝑘(𝑇 − 1)
𝑑𝑡
where k is a constant of proportionality and t is the number of minutes after the bottle of
water is placed in the refrigerator. After 20 minutes in the refrigerator the temperature of
the bottle of water is 12˚C. What is the value of k in the above equation?
1 1
(A) 𝑘= log D
10 2
1
(B) 𝑘= log 2
20 D
1 1
(C) 𝑘=− log D
10 2
1
(D) 𝑘=− log 2
20 D

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 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

Section II

55 marks
Attempt all questions
Allow about 1 hour and 22 minutes for this section

Answer the questions in the spaces provided.

Your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or calculations.
Extra writing space is provided at the back of the examination paper.

Question 6 (4 marks) Marks

Find the equations of the inverse functions 𝑓 FG (𝑥) for each of the following
functions 𝑓(𝑥). State the domain and range of each inverse function.
(a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 2

(b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 , 2

Question 7 (2 marks)
𝑥+1 2
Solve the inequality >1
2𝑥

Question 8 (2 marks)
Express tan 75° in exact form. 2

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 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

Question 9 (3 marks) Marks

The equation 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 L − 6𝑥 , + 4𝑥 + 2 has roots 𝛼, 𝛽 and 𝛾.

(a) Find the value of 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾. 1

(b) Find the value of 𝛼𝛽𝛾. 1

(c) Find the value of (𝛼 − 3)(𝛽 − 3)(𝛾 − 3). 1

Question 10 (2 marks)
Find the exact value of the following:
(a) sin(sinFG 1) 1

𝜋
(b) sinFG Tsin V 1
6

Question 11 (2 marks)
Solve the equation sin 2𝜃 + cos 𝜃 = 0 for 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 360°. 2

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 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

Question 12 (2 marks) Marks

What is the domain and range of 𝑦 = 2cos FG (𝑥 − 1) ? 2

Question 13 (3 marks)
(a) Expand (1 − 𝑥),W using the binomial theorem. 1

(b) Hence prove the following identity 2

,W
𝐶G + 3 ,W𝐶L + ⋯ + (2𝑛 − 1) ,W𝐶,WFG = 2 ,W𝐶, + 4 ,W𝐶[ + ⋯ + 2𝑛 ,W𝐶,W

Question 14 (3 marks)
In a bag there are 6 blue, 4 red and 3 white balls. Three balls are drawn
simultaneously.
(a) How many ways to choose the three balls? 1

(b) What is the probability that there are 2 blue and 1 red ball? 2

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 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

Question 15 (4 marks) Marks

A polynomial 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 L + 𝑎𝑥 , + 𝑏𝑥 + 6 is divisible by both (x + 3 ) and (x + 1)

(a) Find the values of a and b. 2

(b) Write the polynomial 𝑃(𝑥) as a product of its factors. 2

Question 16 (3 marks)
A circular disc is heated so that the face is increasing in area at a constant rate of 3
10 cm2/s. Find the rate at which the radius of the disc is increasing, when the radius
is 6 cm. Answer correct to two decimal places.

Question 17 (2 marks)
Explain why the function 𝑓(𝑥) = √4 − 𝑥 , does not have an inverse function. 2
Suggest a suitable restriction to its domain to have an inverse function.

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 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

Question 18 (2 marks) Marks

Express cos 40° − cos 70° in the form 2sin𝐴cos𝐵. 2

Question 19 (4 marks)
In a class of 27 students, there are 14 boys and 13 girls.
(a) The class elects a captain and a vice captain. In how many ways is this 1
possible?

(b) The class needs to elect two boys and two girls for the student council. How 2
many different representatives are possible?

(c) The class elected Henry and Olivia for the student council. How many different 1
representatives are now possible?

Question 20 (2 marks)
Sketch the function 𝑦 = 2tanFG 3𝑥 showing the essential features. 2

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 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

Question 21 (5 marks) Marks

The point 𝑃(2𝑎𝑝, 𝑎𝑝, ) lies on the parabola 𝑥 , = 4𝑎𝑦. The focus is S(0, a).
(a) Show that the tangent to the parabola at P has a gradient of p and the equation 2
of 𝑦 = 𝑝𝑥 − 𝑎𝑝, .

(b) Where does the tangent to the parabola at P cut the x-axis? 1

(c) Point M is the midpoint of the interval PS. Find the cartesian equation of the 2
locus of M.

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 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

Question 22 (2 marks) Marks

Find the term independent of x in the 2 e

c𝑥 , + d . 2
expansion of 𝑥

Question 23 (2 marks)
The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3) is shown below. 2
1
On the same number plane, draw the graph of 𝑦 = .
𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3)

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 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

Question 24 (6 marks) Marks

In a flock of 1000 parrots, the number N infected with a disease at time t years is
given by:

1000
𝑁= where 𝐴 is a constant.
1 + 𝐴𝑒 FGhhhi

(a) Show that, eventually, all the parrots will be infected. 1

(b) How many days will it take for 500 parrots to be infected, if initially one 3
parrot was infected? Answer correct to one decimal place.

Question 24 continues on the next page

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 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

Marks
𝑑𝑁 2
(c) Show that = 𝑁(100 − 𝑁)
𝑑𝑡

End of paper

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 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

Section II extra writing space

If you use this space, clearly indicate which question you are answering.

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 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

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 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

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 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

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 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

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 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

ACE Examination Paper 1

Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1 Yearly Examination
Worked solutions and marking guidelines

Section I
Solution Criteria
$
1. 𝐶" = 126 1 Mark: C
2. 1 1 1 Mark: A
sec 𝜃 = =
cos 𝜃 1 − 𝑡 0
1 + 𝑡0
1+𝑡 0
=
1 − 𝑡0

𝑥
3. (𝑥 + 1)0 × ≤ 3 × (𝑥 + 1)0 𝑥 ≠ −1 1 Mark: C
𝑥+1
(𝑥 + 1)𝑥 ≤ 3(𝑥 + 1)0
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 3) ≤ 0
(𝑥 + 1)(−2𝑥 − 3) ≤ 0
(𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥 + 3) ≥ 0
2
∴ 𝑥 > −1 and 𝑥 ≤ −
3
4. 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 1 Mark: D
= ×
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
1
= 6𝑡 × = 𝑡
6
𝑑𝑦
When 𝑡 = 3 gradient of the tangent 𝑚 = =3
𝑑𝑥
When 𝑡 = 3 then 𝑥 = 6 × 3 = 18 and 𝑦 = 3 × 30 = 27 or (18, 27)
𝑦 − 𝑦M = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥M )
𝑦 − 27 = 3(𝑥 − 18)
3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 27 = 0

TU
5. 𝑇 = 1 + 𝐴𝑒 QRS satisfies the equation TS = −𝑘(𝑇 − 1) 1 Mark: B
Initially t = 0 and T = 23
𝑇 = 1 + 𝐴𝑒 QRS
23 = 1 + 𝐴𝑒 QR×W
∴ 𝐴 = 22
Also t = 20 and T = 12
12 = 1 + 22𝑒 QR×0W
11
𝑒 Q0WR =
22
1
−20𝑘 = log Y
2
1 1
𝑘 = − log Y
20 2
1
= log 2
20 Y

1
 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

Section II
Solution Criteria
6(a) Let 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) and make 𝑥 the subject of the equation. 2 marks: Correct
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3 answer.
2𝑥 = 𝑦 − 3
1
𝑥 = (𝑦 − 3) 1 mark: Finds the
2
1 inverse function.
𝑓 QM (𝑥) = (𝑦 − 3)
2
Domain ∶ −∞ ≤ 𝑥 ≤ ∞} Range {𝑦 ∶ −∞ ≤ 𝑦 ≤ ∞}
{𝑥
6(b) Let 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) and make 𝑥 the subject of the equation. 2 marks: Correct
𝑦 = 4𝑥 0 answer.
𝑦
𝑥0 =
4
1 1 mark: Finds the
𝑥 = ± g𝑦 inverse function.
2
QM (𝑥)
1
𝑓 = g𝑦
2
Domain {𝑥 ∶ 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ ∞} Range {𝑦 ∶ 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ ∞}
7 𝑥+1 2 Marks: Correct
4𝑥 0 × > 1 × 4𝑥 0 𝑥 ≠ 0
2𝑥 answer.
2𝑥(𝑥 + 1) > 4𝑥 0
1 Mark: Finds one
2𝑥 0 + 2𝑥 > 4𝑥 0
correct region or
2𝑥 0 − 2𝑥 < 0 makes significant
progress.
2𝑥(𝑥 − 1) < 0
∴ 0<𝑥<1
8 tan 75° = tan(45 + 30) 2 marks: Correct
tan 45 + tan 30 answer.
=
1 − tan 45 tan 30
1 1 mark: Uses sum
1+ formula with at
= √3
1 least one exact
1−1× value.
√3
√3 + 1 √3 + 1
= × = 2 + √3
√3 − 1 √3 + 1
9(a) 𝑏 −6 1 mark: Correct
𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =− =− =6
𝑎 1 answer.
9(b) 𝑑 2 1 mark: Correct
𝛼𝛽𝛾 = − = − = −2
𝑎 1 answer.
9(c) 𝑐 4 1 mark: Correct
𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛼𝛾 = = = 4
𝑎 1 answer.
(𝛼 − 3)(𝛽 − 3)(𝛾 − 3) = (𝛼𝛽 − 3𝛼 − 3𝛽 + 9)(𝛾 − 3)
= 𝛼𝛽𝛾 − 3𝑎𝛾 − 3𝛽𝛾 + 9𝛾 − 3𝛼𝛽 + 9𝛼 + 9𝛽 − 27
= 𝛼𝛽𝛾 − 3(𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛼𝛾) + 9(𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾) − 27
= −2 − 3 × 4 + 9 × 6 − 27
= 13

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 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

10(a) 𝜋
sin(sinQM 1) = sin =1 1 mark: Correct
2 answer.

10(b) 𝜋 1 𝜋 1 mark: Correct

sinQM tsin u = sinQM =
6 2 6 answer.

11 sin 2𝜃 + cos 𝜃 = 0 2 Marks: Correct

2sin 𝜃cos𝜃 + cos𝜃 = 0 answer.

cos𝜃(2sin𝜃 + 1) = 0
1 Mark: Uses
1 double-angle result
∴ cos𝜃 = 0 or sin𝜃 = −
2 or shows some
understanding.
∴ 𝜃 = 90° 210° 270° 330°

12 Domain 2 Marks: Correct

−1 ≤ (𝑥 − 1) ≤ 1 answer.
0≤𝑥≤2
1 Mark: Finds the
domain or the
Range range.
0 ≤ cos QM (𝑥 − 1) ≤ 𝜋
0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 2𝜋

13(a) (1 − 𝑥)0v 1 mark: Correct

=1− 0v
𝐶M 𝑥 + 0v 0
𝐶0 𝑥 +. . . +(−1) x 0v x 0v
𝐶x 𝑥 . . . + 𝐶0v 𝑥 0v answer.

13(b) Differentiating both sides. 2 Marks: Correct

−2𝑛(1 − 𝑥)0vQM = − 0v𝐶M + 2 0v𝐶0 𝑥 + ⋯ answer.

… + (−1)x 𝑟 0v𝐶x 𝑥 xQM . . . +2𝑛 0v𝐶0v 𝑥 0vQM 1 Mark:

Substitute x = 1 Differentiates both
sides.
0 = − 0v𝐶M + 2 0v𝐶0 + ⋯ + (−1)x 𝑟 0v𝐶x + ⋯ + 2𝑛 0v𝐶0v
0v
𝐶M + 3 0v𝐶} + ⋯ + (2𝑛 − 1) 0v𝐶0vQM
= 2 0v𝐶0 + 4 0v𝐶~ + ⋯ + 2𝑛 0v𝐶0v

14(a) There are 3 balls to choose from 13 balls. 1 mark: Correct

M}
𝐶} = 286 answer.

14(b) Order is not important 2 Marks: Correct

•
𝐶0 × ~𝐶M = 15 × 4 answer.
= 60
60 30 1 Mark: Shows
𝑃(E) = = some
286 143
understanding.

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 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

15(a) Factor theorem 2 Marks: Correct

𝑃(−3) = (−3)} + 𝑎(−3)0 + 𝑏 × (−3) + 6 = 0 answer.
−27 + 9𝑎 − 3𝑏 + 6 = 0
3𝑎 − 𝑏 − 7 = 0 ① 1 Mark: Uses the
𝑃(−1) = (−1)} + 𝑎(−1)0 + 𝑏 × (−1) + 6 = 0 factor theorem.
−1 + 𝑎 − 𝑏 + 6 = 0
𝑎−𝑏+5=0 ②
Subtract equation (1) from equation (2).
2𝑎 − 12 = 0 or 𝑎 = 6
Substitute 6 for a into equation (2)
6 − 𝑏 + 5 = 0 or 𝑏 = 11
\a = 6 and b = 11
15(b) 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 } + 6𝑥 0 + 11𝑥 + 6 2 Marks: Correct
= (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 𝛼) answer.
Required to find the value of 𝛼.
By inspection of the constant term (x + 2) is a factor. 1 Mark: Makes
\ 𝑃(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2) some progress.

16 𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑟 3 Marks: Correct
Given = 10 cm0 /s and require when 𝑟 = 6
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 answer.
Also have a circle with radius r cm and area A cm2.
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 0 2 Marks: Makes
𝑑𝐴 significant progress
= 2𝜋𝑟
𝑑𝑟 using the chain rule.
Using the chain rule
𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 1 Mark: Finds
= × = 2𝜋𝑟 ×
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝐴
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
10 = 2𝜋 × 6 ×
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑟 10 5
= = = 0.2652. . .
𝑑𝑡 12𝜋 6𝜋
≈ 0.27 cm/s
17 The function 𝑓(𝑥) = √4 − 𝑥 0 does not have an inverse function 2 Marks: Correct
as it is not a one-to-one function. answer.
For example, 𝑥 = ±1 then 𝑓(𝑥) = √3 1 Mark: Recognises
the function is not a
Restrict the domain to 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 or −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0. one-to-one function.

18 cos (𝐴 ± 𝐵) = cos 𝐴cos 𝐵 ∓ sin 𝐴sin 𝐵 2 Marks: Correct

∴ cos (𝐴 − 𝐵) − cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) = 2sin 𝐴sin 𝐵 answer.
Let 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 40° ① and
𝐴 + 𝐵 = 70° ② 1 Mark: Uses the
Adding equations (1) and (2) sum and difference
2𝐴 = 110 formulas and makes
some progress.
𝐴 = 55°
Substitute 55 for A into equation (2)
55 + 𝐵 = 70
𝐵 = 15°
cos (55 − 15) − cos (55 + 15) = 2sin 55°sin 15°
∴ cos 40° − cos 70° = 2sin 55°sin 15°

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 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

19(a) Order is important. (Select the captain then vice-captain) 1 mark: Correct
0•
𝑃0 = 702 or 27 × 26 = 702 answer.
\There are 702 ways to choose a captain and vice-captain.

19(b) Order is not important 1 mark: Correct

M~
𝐶0 × M}𝐶0 = 91 × 78 answer.
= 7098
\There are 7098 different representatives.

19(c) Order is not important 1 mark: Correct

M}
𝐶M × M0𝐶M = 13 × 12 answer.
= 156
\There are 156 different representatives.

20 Domain Range 2 marks: Correct

All real x. 𝜋 𝜋 answer.
− < tanQM 3𝑥 <
2 2
−𝜋 < 𝑦 < 𝜋 1 mark: Draws the
correct shape.

21(a) To find the gradient of the tangent 2 marks: Correct

1 0 answer.
𝑦= 𝑥
4𝑎
𝑑𝑦 1 1 mark: Finds or
= 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2𝑎 states the gradient
At 𝑃(2𝑎𝑝, 𝑎𝑝0 ) of the tangent at P
𝑑𝑦 1
= × 2𝑎𝑝 = 𝑝
𝑑𝑥 2𝑎
Equation of the tangent at 𝑃(2𝑎𝑝, 𝑎𝑝0 )
𝑦 − 𝑎𝑝0 = 𝑝(𝑥 − 2𝑎𝑝)
𝑦 − 𝑎𝑝0 = 𝑝𝑥 − 2𝑎𝑝0
𝑦 = 𝑝𝑥 − 𝑎𝑝0

21(b) Tangent crosses the x-axis when y = 0 1 mark: Correct

0 = 𝑝𝑥 − 𝑎𝑝0 answer.
𝑝𝑥 = 𝑎𝑝0
𝑥 = 𝑎𝑝
\Tangent crosses the x-axis at (ap, 0)

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 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

21(c) Let M be the midpoint of PS 2 Marks: Correct

𝑥M + 𝑥0 0 + 2𝑎𝑝 answer.
𝑥= =
2 2
= 𝑎𝑝 ① 1 Mark: Finds the
parametric
𝑦M + 𝑦0 equations for M.
𝑦=
2
𝑎 + 𝑎𝑝0
= ②
2
Eliminating p from equations (1) and (2).
‘
Substitute ’ for p into equation (2).
𝑥 0
𝑎 + 𝑎 t𝑎u
𝑦=
2
𝑥0
2𝑦 = 𝑎 +
𝑎
2𝑎𝑦 = 𝑎0 + 𝑥 0
𝑥 0 = 2𝑎𝑦 − 𝑎0
\ Cartesian equation of the locus of M is 𝑥 0 = 2𝑎𝑦 − 𝑎0 .

22 2 x 2 Marks: Correct
𝑇x“M = $𝐶" (𝑥 0 )$Qx ”− •
𝑥 answer.
= $𝐶x 𝑥 M–Q0x (−2)x 𝑥 Qx
= $𝐶x (−2)x 𝑥 M–Q}x 1 Mark: Correctly
Term independent of x uses the general
18 − 3𝑟 = 0 or 𝑟 = 6 term.
𝑇• = $𝐶• (−2)• 𝑥 M–Q}ו
= $C• (−2)•
= 5376

23 2 Marks: Correct
answer.

1 Mark: Draws
asymptotes or
shows some
understanding.

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 Year 11 Mathematics Extension 1

24(a) Eventually translates mathematically to 𝑡 → ∞ 1 mark: Correct

When 𝑡 → ∞ then 𝑒 QMWWWS → 0 answer.
1000
∴𝑁= → 1000
1 + 𝐴𝑒 QMWWWS
\ All 1000 parrots are infected

24(b) Initially t = 0 and N = 1 3 Marks: Correct

1000 answer.
1=
1 + 𝐴𝑒 QMWWW×W
1 + 𝐴 = 1000
𝐴 = 999 2 Marks: Finds the
We need to find t when N = 500 value of A and an
1000 expression for
500 =
1 + 999𝑒 QMWWWS 𝑒 QMWWWS .
QMWWWS
1 + 999𝑒 =2
999𝑒 QMWWWS = 1
1
𝑒 QMWWWS = or 𝑒 MWWWS = 999 1 Mark: Finds the
999
1000𝑡 = log Y 999 value of A.
log Y 999
𝑡=
1000
= 0.0069. . . years
= 2.5209. . .
≈ 2.5 days
\It takes 2.5 days for 500 parrots to be affected.

24(c) 𝑁 = 1000(1 + 𝐴𝑒 QMWWWS )QM 2 Marks: Correct

𝑑𝑁 answer.
= −1000(1 + 𝐴𝑒 QMWWWS )Q0 × −1000𝐴𝑒 QMWWWS
𝑑𝑡
1 Mark: Makes
1000 1000𝐴𝑒 QMWWWS
= × › œ some progress
(1 + 𝐴𝑒 QMWWWS ) 1 + 𝐴𝑒 QMWWWS towards the
1000 1000 × (1 + 𝐴𝑒 QMWWWS ) 1000 solution.
= × › − œ
(1 + 𝐴𝑒 QMWWWS ) 1 + 𝐴𝑒 QMWWWS 1 + 𝐴𝑒 QMWWWS
1000 1000
= × •1000 × − ž
(1 + 𝐴𝑒 QMWWWS ) 1 + 𝐴𝑒 QMWWWS
= 𝑁(1000 − 𝑁)