King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals

Prep-Year Math Program

Math (001) - Term 171
Recitation (Arithmetic Operations)
Reading Mathematical Expressions & Arithmetic Operations
Expression Reads Note
𝑥∈𝐴 𝑥 belongs to A,𝑥 is in A Between an element and a
𝐴⊂𝐵 𝐴 is a subset of 𝐵 set.
Between two sets.
𝜙 The empty set 𝜙 ≠ {𝜙 }
𝐴 ∪𝐵 A union B
𝐴∩𝐵 A intersection B
𝐴′ The complement of A
a+b=c a plus b is equal to c Addition; c is the sum
a – b= c a minus b equals c Subtraction; c is the
difference
a.b=c a times b is equal to c Multiplication; c is the
product
a ÷ b=c a divided by b equals c Division; c is the quotient
𝑎
, a/b a over b or a by b Fraction , a : numerator
𝑏
b:denominator
1 1 1 one half, one third, one fourth (Reciprocals of 2, 3 and 4)
, ,
2 3 4
2 75 five halves, two thirds ,
, ,
3 102 seven tenths
𝑎𝑏 a to the b, a to the 𝑏 𝑡ℎ Power a: base, b: exponent

𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , 𝑎−1 a squared, a cubed, a inverse

𝑛 th
√𝑎 The n power
root of a
3 hha , cube root of a nth radical, a- radicand,
√𝑎 , √𝑎 Square root of power
n- index
𝑎 <𝑏 a is less than b
𝑎 ≤𝑏 a is less than or equal to b
𝑎 >𝑏 a is greater than b
𝑎 ≥𝑏 a is greater than or equal to b Inequalities
 1 5
Question 1: Given 𝑥 = , 𝑦 = −5 and 𝑤 = − Find:
9 7
𝑥 2𝑥 2 = (2𝑥)2 =
=
𝑦

𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 𝑥+𝑦 = 𝑦
=
𝑥

𝑥 2 𝑤 𝑥+𝑤
𝑦+ = − = =
𝑥 2 𝑤−𝑥
𝑤

(𝑦+𝑥)(1−𝑤) 2𝑤 − 3(3𝑦 − 2𝑥 ) = 1 1 1
= 7 −4 ÷1 =
2𝑤 5 8 4

Question 2

Find

a- 1.32 + 0.132
b- 1.05 – 100.3
c- (0.2)2 − (0.07)2
d- 3 − (0.12)2
e- 26.06 ÷ 25
f- 1.5 ÷ 0.15
g- 12 ÷ 1.44
1.2 ×1.04
h-
0.06
Question3

Answer the following:

22
1- Which is larger 𝜋 𝑜𝑟 7
, ( 𝜋 ≈ 3.14159)
7 8
2- Which is smaller11
𝑜𝑟 13
3- Calculate and give the remainder of 2606 ÷ 25
115 147
4- Express and in decimal form
40 28
5- Express 0.62 as a fraction in its lowest terms
3
6- Find the reciprocal of the mixed number −2 5
7- (𝑎) √1521 = (𝑏) √30.25 = (𝑐) √0.25 − 0.16 =
Question4

Let a, b and c be real numbers with 𝑎 > 0 , 𝑏 < 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 < 0.

Determine the sign of each expression

a- 𝑏 5 b- 𝑏10 c- 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐 3

d- (𝑏 − 𝑎)3 e- (𝑏 − 𝑎)4 f-
𝑎3 𝑐 3
𝑏6 𝑐 6
 King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
Prep-Year Math Program
Math (001) - Term 171
Recitation (P2)

Question1: 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = {𝑥| 𝑥 ≤ −3} ∪ {𝑥|𝑥 > 1} , 𝐵 = {𝑥| − 6 ≤ 𝑥 < 8} and 𝐶 =

{𝑥|1 ≥ 𝑥 > −1} then find (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ 𝐶.

Question2: Let 𝑎 , 𝑏 , 𝑐 be real numbers such that 𝑎 > 0 , 𝑏 < 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 < 0 . Find the
sign of each expression:

(a) −𝑏 (b) 𝑎 − 𝑐 (c) 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐 (d) 𝑎𝑏 2

Question3: Given the sets

A = { −4, −2, 0, 4, 6, 8, 9}
B = {y|y is an even prime number}
C = {y|y is a composite number < 9}
Then 𝐴 ∪ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) =
(a) 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 (b) 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 (c) 𝐶 (d) 𝐵 (e) ∅

Question4: Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

(a) Every rational number has a multiplicative inverse
(b) Every irrational number is not real number
(c) Every even integer has an additive inverse
22
(d) 𝜋 =
7
(e) The sum of two rational numbers is always rational
Question 5: Which one of the following statements is TRUE?
(a) The sum of two irrational numbers is always irrational.
(b) The distance between a and b is the same as the distance between b and a.
(c) If 𝑥 is any integer and 𝑦 is any irrational number, then 𝑥⁄𝑦 is irrational.
(d) The distributive law states that 𝑎 ÷ (𝑏 + 𝑐) = (𝑎 ÷ 𝑏) + (𝑎 ÷ 𝑐)
(e) Any irrational number has a terminating or repeating decimal expansion.

1 2 2 1
Question 6: Given ≤ 𝑥 < , the expression |𝑥 − | − | − 𝑥| can be written without
3 3 3 4
the absolute value symbols as:
11 11 11 5 5
(a) − (b) 2𝑥 − (c) − 2𝑥 (d) − (e)
12 12 12 12 12

Question 7: If 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 = (−∞, −1) ∪ [2, ∞) and 𝐵 = (−2, 3], then find 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵.

11 11 1 1 −32
Question 8: The expression [−2 + + (− )] ÷ ( − ) − ( ) + 2 simplifies to:
5 5 3 4 4
79
(a) −
4
7
(b)
3
97
(c) −
4
49
(d)
12
5
(e) −
12
 King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
Prep-Year Math Program
Math (001) - Term 171
Recitation (P.3)

Question1: In scientific notation 8,300,000 is _______ and 0.0000327 is_______.

−3 3
2𝑎−1 2𝑦 −3
Question2: Simplify the expression with exponents ( −2 ) ( )
𝑏 𝑥2

−3
𝑥𝑦 −2 𝑧 −3
Question3: The expression ( ) is equal to
𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 −4

𝑥 3 𝑦15 𝑥 3𝑦3 𝑧 3 𝑦15 𝑥9𝑦3 𝑧

(𝑎) (𝑏) (𝑐) (𝑑) (𝑒)
𝑧3 𝑧3 𝑥9 𝑧6 𝑥𝑦

Question4: Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

2 −2 3
(𝑎) ( ) =
3 4

(𝑏) (−5)4 = −54

(𝑐) (𝑥 2 )3 = 𝑥 5

(𝑑) (2𝑥 4 )3 = 2𝑥 12

1 −1 1
(𝑒) ( ) = −1
2 2
 King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
Prep-Year Math Program
Math (001) - Term 171
Recitation (P.4)

−2
1 1
−27 3
Question1: Simplify the expression ( 8 ) − (2)6 (−326 ) + 3(−2)0

Question2: Simplify the expression:

4 1⁄2
𝑥 1⁄2 𝑦 2 4𝑥 −2 𝑦 −4
( 2𝑦1⁄4 ) ( ) , where 𝑥 > 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 > 0
𝑦2

Question3: If 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 4, and 𝑧 = 32 , then the value of the expression

1⁄6
𝑥 −2⁄3 𝑥 −2
( 𝑦 1⁄2 ) (𝑦−3) + 𝑧 2/5 is

(a) −1 (b) −3 (c) 5 (d) − 5 (e) 3

Question4: If 𝑥 < −3 , then simplify and write the expression

𝟑
√(−𝟕)𝟐 − √(3𝑥 + 7)2 + √(−7)𝟑 without absolute value symbols.

3
√𝑎6 𝑏8 𝑎
Question5: Simplify the expression −6
𝑎𝑏3 √𝑏2

4 4
Question6: Simplify the expression −3𝑥𝑦 √32𝑥 5 𝑦 6 + 2𝑥 2 √29 𝑥𝑦10
 King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
Prep-Year Math Program
Math (001) - Term 171
Recitation (P.5)

2 1 7
Question1: If the coefficient of 𝑥 3 in the product 𝑥 2 (𝑘𝑥 − ) (5𝑥 + ) is − , then 𝑘 is
𝑘 𝑘 3
equal to
30
(a) −3 (b) − (c) 3 6 6
4 (d) √ (e) −√
7 7

Question2: Which one of the following is a polynomial of degree 2?

2
(a) 𝑥 2 + + 𝑥 + 1
𝑥

(b) 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3⁄2 + √2

(c) (3𝑥 + 2)3 + √2𝑥 2 − 27𝑥 3

𝑥
(d)
𝑥 3 −1

(e) 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 + √𝑥

Question 3: If 𝑋 = (𝑎 − 2𝑏)3 and 𝑌 = (2𝑎 + 𝑏)3 , then 𝑋 − 𝑌 =

Question 4: Perform the following indicated operations, and simplify:

1 2
(𝑎) (𝑐 + ) (𝑏) (√ℎ2 + 1 + 1) (√ℎ2 + 1 − 1)
𝑐

(𝑐) (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)(𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧) (𝑑) 𝑎 𝑥 (𝑎 𝑥 − 4)(𝑎 𝑥 + 1) − (𝑎 𝑥 − 1)3

 King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
Prep-Year Math Program
Math (001) - Term 171
Recitation (P.6)

Question 1: Factor each polynomial.

1 2 1 2
(a) (1 + ) − (1 − )
𝑥 𝑥
(b) 𝑦 3 − 1 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑦
(c) 2(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 + 5(𝑎 + 𝑏) − 3
(d) 8𝑟 3 − 64𝑡 6

1 −1⁄ 3 1⁄
(e) 𝑥 2 (3𝑥 + 4)1⁄2 + 𝑥 2 (3𝑥 + 4)−1⁄2
2 2

Question 2: One of the factors of 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 2 − 2 is

(a) 𝑥 − 1
(b) 2𝑥 + 1
(c) 2𝑥 2 + 1
(d) 𝑥 + √2
(e) 𝑥 − √2
Question 3: The possible value(s) of 𝑘 that make(s) the trinomial
36𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥𝑦 + 49𝑦 2 a perfect square is (are)
(a) 84 (b) -84 (c) ± 84 (d) ± 42 (e) -42

Question 4: One of the factors of 4𝑥 2 − 8𝑥𝑦 − 5𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 10𝑦

(a) 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2
(b) 4𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 2
(c) 2𝑥 + 𝑦
(d) 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2
(e) 5𝑥 − 2𝑦
 King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
Prep-Year Math Program
Math (001) - Term 171
Recitation (P.7)

Question 1: Simplify the following rational expressions

2 16 6 4 5 𝑥 2 −4𝑥+4
(a) + + (𝑏) + ÷
4+𝑥 𝑥 2 −16 4−𝑥 2−𝑥 𝑥 2 +2𝑥+4 𝑥 3 −8

Question 2: Simplify the following expressions

1
𝑥+𝑥+2 1
(a) 1 (𝑏) 1 + 1
𝑥− 1+
𝑥+2 1+𝑥

2𝑥2 −3𝑥−2
𝑥2 −1
Question 3: The expression 2𝑥2 +5𝑥+2
simplifies to:
𝑥2 +𝑥−2

𝑥+1 𝑥−2 2𝑥+1 𝑥+2 𝑥+2

(𝑎) (b) (c) (d) (e)
𝑥−2 𝑥+1 𝑥+2 2𝑥+1 𝑥−1

Question 4: The least common denominator (LCD) of the expression

1 3 5
+ − is
𝑥 3 −1 14(𝑥−1)3 24(𝑥 3 +𝑥 2 +𝑥)

(a) 2𝑥(𝑥 − 1)3 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1)

(b) 168𝑥(𝑥 − 1)3 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1)
(c) 2(𝑥 − 1)3 (𝑥 + 1)3
(d) 168(𝑥 − 1)3 (𝑥 + 1)3
(e) 2(𝑥 + 1)3 (𝑥 3 − 1)

2𝑥−2𝑦
Question 5: Rationalize the denominator of
√𝑥−√𝑦

√𝑥 𝑥 2 −1
Question 6: Find the domain of (a) (b)
𝑥 2 −3𝑥−4 𝑥 2 −𝑥−2
 King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
Prep-Year Math Program
Math (001) - Term 171
Recitation (P.8)

5 𝑥 3 4𝑥 𝒂
Question 1: 𝐼𝑓 𝑥 = is a solution of the equation − = −
12 5 2 5 4

then 𝒂 is equal to:

(a) − 7 1 1 7
(b) − (c) (d) 7 (e)
7 7 4

Question 2: Solve the equations for k.

(𝑎) − 𝑘 = (5𝑘 + 3)(3𝑥 + 1)
𝑘+1 𝑘−1 𝑏+1
(𝑏) = +
𝑏 𝑏 𝐾

Question 3: Solve the given equation.

5𝑥 𝑥 + 1 1
(𝑎) 3𝑥 − = −
2 3 6
1 2 1
(𝑏) − = 2
𝑥 2𝑥 + 1 2𝑥 + 𝑥
3 1 6𝑥 + 12
(𝑐) = + 2
𝑥 + 4 𝑥 𝑥 + 4𝑥

Question 4: Find all real solutions of the following equation.

2⁄
(𝑎) 6𝑥 3 − 216 = 0
(𝑏) (𝑥 + 2)4 − 81 = 0
(𝑐) (3𝑥 − 4)2 − 7 = 0
𝑥+1 3𝑥
(𝑑) =
𝑥 − 1 3𝑥 − 6