BASIC CALCULUS

Lesson 7 Integral Calculus

Activity 7
1. ∫ (x + 300) dx

Apply linearity:
= ∫ xdx + 300 ∫ 1dx

Now solving:
∫ xdx
Apply power rule:
∫ xndx = xn + 1n + 1 with n = 1:
= x2/2

Now solving:
∫ 1dx
Apply constant rule:
=x

Plug in solved integrals:

∫ xdx + 300 ∫ 1dx
= x2/2 + 300x

The problem is solved:

∫ (x + 300) dx
= x2/2 + 300x + C
2. ∫ (x3 − 3x2 + 7x + 11) dx

Apply linearity:
= ∫ x3dx – 3 ∫ x2dx + 7 ∫ xdx + 11 ∫ 1dx
 Now solving:
∫ x3dx
Apply power rule:
∫ xndx = xn + 1n + 1 with n = 3:
= x4/4

Now solving:
∫ x2dx
Apply power rule with n = 2:
= x3/3

Now solving:
∫ xdx
Apply power rule with n = 1:
= x2/2

Now solving:
∫ 1dx
Apply constant rule:
=x

Plug in solved integrals:

∫ x3dx – 3 ∫ x2dx + 7 ∫ xdx + 11 ∫ 1dx
= x4/4 − x3 + 7x2/2 + 11x

The problem is solved:

∫ (x3 − 3x2 + 7x + 11) dx
= x4/4 − x3 + 7x2/2 + 11x + C
3. ∫ (x5 − 8x3 + 1/3x −9) dx
 Apply linearity:
= ∫ x5dx – 8 ∫ x3dx + 1/3 ∫ xdx – 9 ∫ 1dx

Now solving:
∫ x5dx
Apply power rule:
∫ xndx = xn + 1n + 1 with n = 5:
= x6/6

Now solving:
∫ x3dx
Apply power rule with n = 3:
= x4/4

Now solving:
∫ xdx
Apply power rule with n = 1:
= x2/2

Now solving:
∫ 1dx
Apply constant rule:
=x

Plug in solved integrals:

∫ x5dx – 8 ∫ x3dx + 1/3 ∫ xdx – 9 ∫ 1dx
= x6/6 − 2x4 + x2/6 − 9x

The problem is solved:

∫ (x5 − 8x3 + 1/3x −9) dx
= x6/6 − 2x4 + x2/6 − 9x + C
4. ∫ (x − 5)2 dx
Substitute u = x − 5 ⟶ dudx = 1 ⟶ dx = du:
= ∫ u2du
Apply power rule:
∫ undu = un + 1n + 1 with n = 2:
= u3/3
Undo substitution u = x − 5:
= (x − 5)3/3

The problem is solved:

∫ (x − 5)2 dx
= (x − 5)3/3 + C
5. ∫ (3x + 1) x2 dx
Expand:
= ∫ (3x3 + x2) dx
Apply linearity:
= 3 ∫ x3dx + ∫ x2dx

Now solving:
∫ x3dx
Apply power rule:
∫ xndx = xn + 1n + 1 with n = 3:
= x4/4

Now solving:
∫ x2dx
Apply power rule with n = 2:
= x3/3

Plug in solved integrals:

3 ∫ x3dx + ∫ x2dx
 = 3x4/4 + x3/3

The problem is solved:

∫ (3x + 1) x2 dx
= 3x4/4 + x3/3 + C
6. ∫ (x + 1) (3x − 2) dx
Expand:
= ∫ (3x2 + x − 2) dx
Apply linearity:
= 3 ∫ x2dx + ∫ xdx − 2 ∫ 1dx

Now solving:
∫ x2dx
Apply power rule:
∫ xndx = xn + 1n + 1 with n = 2:
= x3/3

Now solving:
∫ xdx
Apply power rule with n = 1:
= x2/2

Now solving:
∫ 1dx
Apply constant rule:
=x

Plug in solved integrals:

3 ∫ x2dx + ∫ xdx − 2 ∫ 1dx
= x3 + x2/2 − 2x
 The problem is solved:
∫ (x + 1) (3x − 2) dx
= x3 + x2/2 − 2x + C
7. ∫ (x − 3)2 (2x − 1)2 dx
Substitute u = 2x − 1 ⟶ dudx = 2 ⟶ dx = 12du:
= 18 ∫ (u − 5)2 u2du

Now solving:
∫ (u − 5)2 u2du
Expand:
= ∫ (u4 −10u3 + 25u2) du
Apply linearity:
= ∫ u4du – 10 ∫ u3du + 25 ∫ u2du

Now solving:
∫ u4du
Apply power rule:
∫ undu = un + 1n + 1 with n = 4:
= u5/5

Now solving:
∫ u3du
Apply power rule with n = 3:
= u4/4

Now solving:
∫ u2du
Apply power rule with n = 2:
= u3/3

Plug in solved integrals:

 ∫ u4du – 10 ∫ u3du + 25 ∫ u2
= u5/5 − 5u4/2 + 25u3/3

Plug in solved integrals:

18 ∫ (u − 5)2 u2du
= u5/40 − 5u4/16 + 25u3/24
Undo substitution u = 2x − 1:
= (2x − 1)5/40 – 5 (2x − 1)4/16 + 25 (2x − 1)3/24

The problem is solved:

∫ (x − 3)2 (2x − 1)2 dx
= (2x − 1)5/40 – 5 (2x − 1)4/16 + 25 (2x − 1)3/24 + C
8. ∫ 1/x6 dx
Apply power rule:
∫ xndx = xn + 1n + 1 with n = −6:
= −1/5x5

The problem is solved:

∫ 1/x6 dx
= −1/5x5 + C
9. ∫ (1/x2 + 1/7 x7 – 5x) dx
Apply linearity:
= ∫ 1/x2dx + 1/7 ∫ x7dx – 5 ∫ xdx

Now solving:
∫ 1/x2dx
Apply power rule with n = −2:
= −1/x

Now solving:
∫ x7dx
 Apply power rule:
∫ xndx = xn + 1n + 1 with n = 7:
= x8/8

Now solving:
∫ xdx
Apply power rule with n = 1:
= x2/2

Plug in solved integrals:

∫ 1/x2dx + 1/7 ∫ x7dx – 5 ∫ xdx
= − 1/x + x8/56 – 5x2/2

The problem is solved:

∫ (1/x2 + 1/7 x7 – 5x) dx
= − 1/x + x8/56 – 5x2/2 + C
10. ∫ (x2 + 2x – 3)/x4 dx
Expand:
= ∫ (1/x2 + 2/x3 – 3/x4) dx
Apply linearity:
= ∫ 1/x2dx + 2 ∫ 1/x3dx – 3 ∫ 1/x4dx

Now solving:
∫ 1/x2dx
Apply power rule:
∫ xndx = xn + 1n + 1 with n = −2:
= −1/x

Now solving:
∫1/x3dx
Apply power rule with n = −3:
 = −1/2x2

Now solving:
∫ 1/x4dx
Apply power rule with n = −4:
= −1/3x3

Plug in solved integrals:

∫ 1/x2dx + 2 ∫ 1/x3dx – 3 ∫ 1/x4dx
= −1/x – 1/x2 + 1/x3

The problem is solved:

∫ (x2 + 2x – 3)/x4 dx
= −1/x – 1/x2 + 1/x3 + C
11. ∫ (x2 − 2x + 1)/x5 dx
Expand:
= ∫ (1/x3 – 2/x4 + 1/x5) dx
Apply linearity:
= ∫ 1/x3dx – 2 ∫ 1/x4dx + ∫ 1/x5dx

Now solving:
∫ 1/x3dx
Apply power rule:
∫ xndx = xn + 1n + 1 with n = −3:
= −1/2x2

Now solving:
∫ 1/x4dx
Apply power rule with n = −4:
= −1/3x3
 Now solving:
∫ 1/x5dx
Apply power rule with n = −5:
= −1/4x4

Plug in solved integrals:

∫ 1/x3dx – 2 ∫ 1/x4dx + ∫ 1/x5dx
= −1/2x2 + 2/3x3 – 1/4x4

The problem is solved:

∫ (x2 − 2x + 1)/x5 dx
= −1/2x2 + 2/3x3 – 1/4x4 + C
12. ∫ (8x5 – x4 + 3x3 − 8x2 + 3x – 5)/x8 dx
Expand:
= ∫ (8/x3 − 1/x4 + 3/x5 − 8/x6 + 3/x7 − 5/x8) dx
Apply the power rule for each term:
∫ xndx = xn + 1n + 1, ∫ 1xdx = ln(x)
= −4/x2 + 1/3x3 – 3/4x4 + 8/5x5 – 1/2x6 + 5/7x7

The problem is solved:

∫ (8x5 – x4 + 3x3 − 8x2 + 3x – 5)/x8 dx
= −4/x2 + 1/3x3 – 3/4x4 + 8/5x5 – 1/2x6 + 5/7x7 + C
13. ∫ 4x3/x4+1 dx
Substitute u = x4+1 ⟶ dudx = 4x3 ⟶ dx = 1/4x3du:
= ∫ 1/udu
This is a standard integral:
= ln (u)
Undo substitution u = x4+1:
= ln (x4+1)
 The problem is solved:
∫ 4x3/x4+1 dx
= ln (x4+1) + C
14. ∫ (x3/2 + 2x + 1) dx
Apply linearity:
= ∫ x3/2dx + 2 ∫ xdx + ∫ 1dx

Now solving:
∫ x3/2dx
Apply power rule:
∫ xndx = xn + 1n + 1 with n = 3/2:
= 2x5/2/5

Now solving:
∫ xdx
Apply power rule with n = 1:
= x2/2

Now solving:
∫ 1dx
Apply constant rule:
=x

Plug in solved integrals:

∫ x3/2dx + 2 ∫ xdx + ∫ 1dx
= 2x5/2/5 + x2 + x

The problem is solved:

∫ (x3/2 + 2x + 1) dx
= 2x5/2/5 + x2 + x + C
15A. ∫ (x2 − 4x)3 √x dx
 Expand:
= ∫ (x13/2 − 12x11/2 + 48x9/2 − 64x7/2) dx
Apply linearity:
= ∫ x13/2dx – 12 ∫ x11/2dx + 48 ∫ x9/2dx – 64 ∫ x7/2dx

Now solving:
∫ x13/2dx
Apply power rule:
∫ xndx = xn + 1n + 1 with n = 13/2:
= 2x15/2/15

Now solving:
∫x11/2dx
Apply power rule with n = 11/2:
= 2x13/2/13

Now solving:
∫ x9/2dx
Apply power rule with n = 9/2:
= 2x11/2/11

Now solving:
∫ x7/2 dx
Apply power rule with n = 7/2:
= 2x9/2/9

Plug in solved integrals:

∫ x13/2dx – 12 ∫ x11/2dx + 48 ∫ x9/2dx – 64 ∫ x7/2dx
= 2x15/2/15 − 24x13/2/13 + 96x11/2/11 − 128x9/2/9

The problem is solved:

 ∫ (x2 − 4x)3 √x dx
= 2x15/2/15 − 24x13/2/13 + 96x11/2/11 − 128x9/2/9 + C
15B. ∫ (x2 − 4x) (3√x) dx
Rewrite/simplify:
=∫ (x − 4) x4/3dx
Expand:
= ∫ (x7/3 − 4x4/3) dx
Apply linearity:
= ∫ x7/3dx – 4 ∫ x4/3dx

Now solving:
∫ x7/3dx
Apply power rule:
∫ xndx = xn + 1n + 1 with n = 7/3:
= 3x10/3/10

Now solving:
∫ x4/3dx
Apply power rule with n = 4/3:
= 3x7/3/7

Plug in solved integrals:

∫ x7/3dx – 4 ∫ x4/3dx
= 3x10/3/10 − 12x7/3/7

The problem is solved:

∫ (x2 − 4x) (3√x) dx
= 3x10/3/10 − 12x7/3/7 + C
16. ∫ (4√x3 + 1) dx
Rewrite/simplify:
= ∫ (x3/4 + 1) dx
 Apply linearity:
= ∫ x3/4dx + ∫ 1dx

Now solving:
∫ x3/4dx
Apply power rule:
∫ xndx = xn + 1n + 1 with n = 3/4:
= 4x7/4/7

Now solving:
∫ 1dx
Apply constant rule:
=x

Plug in solved integrals:

∫ x3/4dx + ∫ 1dx
= 4x7/4/7 + x

The problem is solved:

∫ (4√x3 + 1) dx
= 4x7/4/7 + x + C
17. ∫ (√x + 1/2√x) dx
Apply linearity:
= ∫ √x dx + 1/2 ∫ 1/√x dx

Now solving:
∫ √x dx
Apply power rule:
∫ xndx = xn + 1n + 1 with n = 1/2:
= 2x3/2/3
 Now solving:
∫ 1/√x dx
Apply power rule with n = −1/2:
= 2√x

Plug in solved integrals:

∫ √x dx + 1/2 ∫ 1/√x dx
= 2x3/2/3 + √x

The problem is solved:

∫ (√x + 1/2√x) dx
= 2x3/2/3 + √x + C
18. ∫ (4sin(x) + 5cos(x)) dx
Apply linearity:
= 4 ∫ sin(x) dx + 5 ∫ cos(x) dx

Now solving:
∫ sin(x) dx
This is a standard integral:
= −cos(x)

Now solving:
∫ cos(x) dx
This is a standard integral:
= sin(x)

Plug in solved integrals:

4 ∫ sin(x) dx + 5 ∫ cos(x) dx
= 5sin(x) − 4cos(x)

The problem is solved:

 ∫ (4sin(x) + 5cos(x)) dx
= 5sin(x) − 4cos(x) + C
19. ∫ (tan2(x) + 1) dx
Rewrite/simplify:
= ∫ sec2(x) dx
This is a standard integral:
= tan(x)

The problem is solved:

∫ (tan2(x) + 1) dx
= tan(x) + C
20. ∫ (x2 − cos(x)) dx
Apply linearity:
= ∫ x2 dx − ∫ cos(x) dx

Now solving:
∫ x2dx
Apply power rule:
∫ xn dx = xn+1/n+1 with n = 2:
= x3/3

Now solving:
∫ cos(x) dx
This is a standard integral:
= sin(x)

Plug in solved integrals:

∫ x2dx − ∫ cos(x) dx
= x3/3 − sin(x)

The problem is solved:

 ∫ (x2 − cos(x)) dx
= x3/3 − sin(x) + C
Lesson 6 Differentiation
Activity 6
1. f (x) = 2x4/3
d/dx [2x4/3]
= 2 ⋅ d/dx [x4/3]
= 2 ⋅ 4/3 x4/3 - 1
= (83√x)/3
2. y = x3 – x-3
d/dx [x3 – 1/x3]
= d/dx [x3] – d/dx [1/x3]
= 3x2 − (−3) x-4
= 3x2 + 3/x4
3. y = 2x2/3 – 4x1/3 + x-1/3
d/dx [2x2/3 – 4x1/3 + x-1/3]
= 2 ⋅ d/dx [x2/3] – 4 ⋅ d/dx [x1/3] + d/dx [1/3√x]
= 2 ⋅ 2/3 x2/3 – 1 – 4 ⋅ 1/3 x1/3 - 1 + (−1/3) x-1/3 - 1
= 4/3 x1/3 – 4/3 x2/3 – 1/3 x4/3
4. y = 6x-1/2 – 4/x
d/dx [6/x1/2 – 4/x]
= 6 ⋅ d/dx [1/x1/2] – 4 ⋅ d/dx [1/x]
= 6 (−1/2) x-1/2 - 1 + 4 ⋅ d/dx [x]/x2
= 4 ⋅ 1/x2 – 3/x3/2
= 4/x2 – 3/x3/2
5. f (x) = 10x5 +5 3√x + 11
d/dx [10x5 + 53√x + 11]
= 10 ⋅ d/dx [x5] + 5 ⋅ d/dx [3√x] + d/dx [11]
= 10 ⋅ 5x4 + 5 ⋅ 1/3 x1/3-1 + 0
 = 50x4 + 5/3x2/3
6. h (x) = 3x3 (x2 – 1)
d/dx [3x3 (x2 − 1)]
= 3 ⋅ d/dx [x3 (x2 − 1)]
= 3 (d/dx [x3] ⋅ (x2 − 1) + x3 ⋅ d/dx [x2 − 1])
= 3(3x2 (x2 − 1) + x3 (d/dx [x2] + d/dx [−1]))
= 3 (3x2 (x2 − 1) + x3 (2x+0))
= 3 (2x4 + 3x2 (x2 − 1))
Rewrite/simplify:
= 6x4 + 9x2 (x2 − 1)
Simplify/rewrite:
15x4 − 9x2
7. h (x) = (5x + 4) (3x - 7)
d/dx [(3x − 7)(5x + 4)]
= d/dx [3x − 7] ⋅ (5x + 4) + (3x − 7) ⋅ d/dx [5x + 4]
= (3 ⋅ d/dx [x] + d/dx [−7]) (5x + 4) + (3x − 7) (5 ⋅ d/dx[x] + d/dx [4])
= (3 ⋅ 1 + 0) (5x + 4) + (3x − 7) (5 ⋅ 1 + 0)
= 3 (5x + 4) + 5 (3x − 7)
Simplify/rewrite:
30x – 23
8. h (x) = (4 - 3x) (x2 + 1)
d/dx [(4 − 3x) (x2 + 1)]
= d/dx [4 − 3x] ⋅ (x2 + 1) + (4 − 3x) ⋅ d/dx [x2 + 1]
= (d/dx [4] – 3 ⋅ d/dx [x]) (x2 + 1) + (4 − 3x) (d/dx [x2] + d/dx [1])
= (0 – 3 ⋅ 1) (x2 + 1) + (4 − 3x) (2x + 0)
= 2 (4 − 3x) x – 3 (x2 + 1)
Simplify/rewrite:
−9x2 + 8x − 3
9. h (x) = (3x6 + 2) (x2 - 2x)
d/dx [(x2 − 2x) (3x6 + 2)]
= d/dx [x2 − 2x] ⋅ (3x6 + 2) + (x2 − 2x) ⋅ d/dx [3x6 + 2]
 = (d/dx [x2] – 2 ⋅ d/dx [x]) (3x6 + 2) + (x2 − 2x) (3 ⋅ d/dx [x6] + d/dx [2])
= (2x – 2 ⋅ 1) (3x6 + 2) + (x2 − 2x) (3 ⋅ 6x5 + 0)
= (2x − 2) (3x6 + 2) + 18x5 (x2 − 2x)
Simplify/rewrite:
24x7 − 42x6 + 4x − 4
10. h (x) = (x3 + 1) (3 – 2x3)
d/dx [(3 − 2x3) (x3 + 1)]
=d/dx [3 − 2x3] ⋅ (x3 + 1) + (3 − 2x3) ⋅ d/dx [x3 + 1]
= (d/dx [3] – 2 ⋅ d/dx [x3]) (x3 + 1) + (3 − 2x3) (d/dx [x3] + d/dx [1])
= (0 – 2 ⋅ 3x2) (x3 + 1) + (3 − 2x3) (3x2 + 0)
= 3x2 (3 − 2x3) − 6x2 (x3 + 1)
Simplify/rewrite:
3x2 − 12x5
Lesson 5 Differentiation
Activity 5
1. f (x) = 5x + 2; a = 3
d/dx [5x + 2]
= 5 ⋅ d/dx [x] + d/dx [2]
=5⋅1+0
=5
When a = 3
No available variable for substitution
=0
2. f (x) = 3x2 – 1; a = 2
d/dx [3x2 − 1]
= 3 ⋅ d/dx [x2] + d/dx [−1]
= 3 ⋅ 2x + 0
= 6x
When a = 2
= 6x
 = 6 (2)
= 12
3. f (x) = x2 + 3x + 1; a = 4
d/dx [x2 + 3x + 1]
= d/dx [x2] + 3 ⋅ d/dx [x] + d/dx [1]
= 2x + 3 ⋅ 1 + 0
= 2x + 3
When a = 4
= 2x + 3
= 2 (4) + 3
= 11
4. f (x) = -2x2 + 3x + 3; a = 2
d/dx [−2x2 + 3x + 3]
= −2 ⋅ d/dx [x2] + 3 ⋅ d/dx [x] + d/dx [3]
= −2 ⋅ 2x + 3 ⋅ 1 + 0
= 3 − 4x
When a = 2
= 3 – 4x
= 3 – 4 (2)
= -5
5. f (x) = √ (x + 1); a = 0
d/dx [√ (x + 1)]
= 1/2 (x + 1)1/2 – 1 ⋅ d/dx [x + 1]
= d/dx [x] + d/dx [1]/2√ (x + 1)
= 1 + 0/2√ (x + 1)
= 1/2√ (x + 1)
When a = 0
= 1/2√ (x + 1)
= 1/2√ (0) + 1
= 1/2
6. f (x) = x2 – 1
d/dx [x2 − 1]
= d/dx [x2] + d/dx [−1]
= 2x + 0
= 2x
7. f (x) = x2 + 4x
d/dx [x2 + 4x]
= d/dx [x2] + 4 ⋅ d/dx [x]
= 2x + 4 ⋅ 1
= 2x + 4
8. f (x) = 2/(x + 1)
d/dx [2/(x + 1)]
= 2 ⋅ d/dx [1/(x +1)]
= −2 ⋅ d/dx [x+1]/(x+1)2
= −2 (d/dx [x] + d/dx [1])/(x+1)2
= −2 (1 + 0)/(x + 1)2
= −2/(x + 1)2
9. f (x) = √ (x + 2)
d/dx [√ (x + 2)]
= 1/2 (x + 2)1/2 – 1 ⋅ d/dx [x + 2]
= d/dx [x] + d/dx [2]/2√ (x + 2)
= 1 + 0/2√ (x + 2)
= 1/2√ (x + 2)
10. f (x) = 1/x2
d/dx [1/x2]
= (−2) x-3
= −2/x3

11. y = x – 2
d/dx [x − 2]
 = d/dx [x] + d/dx [−2]
=1+0
=1
12. y = 3 – 5x
d/dx [3 − 5x]
= d/dx [3] – 5 ⋅ d/dx [x]
=0–5⋅1
= −5
13. y = 5x2
d/dx [5x2]
= 5 ⋅ d/dx [x2]
= 5 ⋅ 2x
= 10x
14. y = 1 - x2
d/dx [1 – x2]
= d/dx [1] – d/dx [x2]
= 0 − 2x
= −2x
15. y = (x + 1)/(x – 1)
d/dx [(x + 1)/(x – 1)]
= d/dx [x + 1] ⋅ (x − 1) − (x + 1) ⋅ d/dx [x − 1]/(x − 1)2
= (d/dx [x] + d/dx [1]) (x − 1) − (x + 1) (d/dx [x] + d/dx [−1])/(x − 1)2
= (1 + 0) (x − 1) − (x + 1) (1 + 0)/(x − 1)2
= −2/(x − 1)2
Lesson 4 Continuity of a Function
Activity 4
1. f (x) = 5x + 2; a = 3
Substitute x with 3
f (3) = 5 (3) + 2
f (3) = 15 + 2
 f (3) = 17, Continuous
2. f (x) = 3x2 – 5x + 1; a = 2
Substitute x with 2
f (2) = 3 (2)2 – 5 (2) + 1
f (2) = 12 – 10 + 1
f (2) = 3, Continuous
3. f (x) = (x2 + 9)/(x – 3); a = 4
Substitute x with 4
f (4) = (42 + 9)/(4 – 3)
f (4) = (16 + 9)/1
f (4) = 25, Continuous
4. f (x) = (x2 + 5)/(x - 2); a = 5
Substitute x with 5
f (5) = (52 + 5)/(5 – 2)
f (5) = (25 + 5)/3
f (5) = 10
5. f (x) = (x + 3)/(x – 3); a = 3
Substitute x with 3
f (3) = (3 + 3)/(3 – 3)
f (3) = 6/0
f (3) = Undefined, Discontinuity
f (x) x
Undefined -3
-0.2 -2
-0.5 -1
-1 0
-2 1
-5 2
Undefined 3

6. f (x) = (x – 3)/(x + 3); a = 3

Substitute x with 3
 f (3) = (3 – 3)/(3 + 3)
f (3) = 0/6
f (3) = Undefined,
f (x) x
Undefined -3
-5 -2
-2 -1
-1 0
-0.5 1
-0.2 2
Undefined 3

7. f (x) =
8. f (x) =
9. f (x) =
10. f (x) =
Lesson 3
Activity 3
1. lim x -> π/4 (x2) (cos x)
lim x -> π/4 (x2) (cos x)
= (π/4)2 {cos (π/4)
= π2/(16 √2)
2. lim x -> π/3 (cot 2x)/(csc3 x + tan 3x)
lim x -> π/3 (cot 2x)/(csc3 x + tan 3x)
= {cot 2 (π/3)/csc3 (π/3) + tan 3 (π/3)}
= -3/8
3. lim x -> 0 {sin (4x)}/x
lim x -> 0 {sin (4x)}/x
Apply Trigonometric Limit Theorems 7
= lim x -> 0 {sin (4x)}/x multiply by lim x -> 0 4
=4
4. lim x -> 0 sin (1/2 x)/sin (πx)
 lim x -> 0 sin (1/2 x)/sin (πx)
= {{sin (1/2 x)}/(1/2 x) multiply by ½ x}/{{sin (πx)}/(πx) multiply by πx}
= 1/2π

Lesson 2
Activity 2
1. lim x -.> 5 (x)
lim x -.> 5 (x) = 5
=5
2. lim x -> -2 (8)
lim x -> -2 (8)
=8
3. lim x -> 1/2 (x + 10)
lim x -> 1/2 (x + 10)
= 1/2 + 10
= 21/2
4. lim x -> 10 (x – 19)
lim x -> 10 (x – 19)
= 10 – 19
= -9
5. lim x -> 3 (-2x)
. lim x -> 3 (-2x)
= -2 (3)
= -6
6. lim x -> 4 3x (x + 5)
. lim x -> 4 3x (x + 5)
= 3 (4) (4 + 5)
= 108
7. lim x -> 2 (5x – 2)/(4x + 1)
lim x -> 2 (5x – 2)/(4x + 1)
 = {5 (2) – 2}/{4 (2) + 1}
= (10 – 2)/(8 + 1)
= 8/9
8. lim x -> -1 x12
lim x -> -1 x12
= (-1)12
=1
9. lim x -> -2 (3x4 + 7x3 + x2 – 6x – 10)8
lim x -> -2 (3x4 + 7x3 + x2 – 6x – 10)8
= {3 (-2)4 + 7 (-2)3 + (-2)2 – 6 (-2) – 10}8
= {3 (16) + 7 (8) + 4 + 12 – 10}8
= (48 – 56 + 4 + 12 – 10)8
= 256
10. lim x -> 243 5√ x
lim x -> 243 5√ x
= 5√ 243
=3
11. lim x -> 1 √ (48x3 – 3x2 + 5x – 12)
lim x -> 1 √ (48x3 – 3x2 + 5x – 12)
= √ {48 (1)3 – 3 (1)2 + 5 (1) – 12}
= √ (48 – 3 + 5 – 12)
= √38
12. lim x -> -3 (x4 + 9x2 – 11x)
lim x -> -3 (x4 + 9x2 – 11x)
= {(-3)4 + 9 (-3)2 – 11 (-3)}
= (81 + 81 + 33)
= 195
13. lim x -> 6 (x2 + 4)/ √ (2x + 5)
lim x -> 6 (x2 + 4)/ √ (2x + 5)
= {(6)2 + 4/ √ (2) (6) + 5}
 = (36 + 4)/ √ (12 + 5)
= 40/√17
14. lim x -> -2 (2x3 – 8x + 15)5/2
lim x -> -2 (2x3 – 8x + 15)5/2
= {2 (-2)3 – 8 (-2) + 15}5/2
= (-16 + 16 + 15)5/2
= 871. 42

Lesson 1
Activity 1