Partition Column

Chromatography
Content:-
 Introduction
 Definition
 Principle
 Technique
 Stationary Phase
 Mobile Phase
 Solid Support
 Procedure
 Application
Introduction
We know that mixture is the combination of more than one
substance in a certain ratio. There are various techniques to
separate the constituents of a mixture such as distillation,
crystallization, separating funnel, chromatography etc. Out of all
these techniques, chromatography is most reliable technique as
it gives 99% pure substance.
This technique is usually used to separate constituent from
mixture to get high purity. In this technique the substance which
has to be analysed is poured into a vertical glass tube. This
vertical tube contains an adsorbent. Various components of the
mixture adsorbed at different rates of speed over absorbent. The
absorption depends on the degree of attraction between
absorbent and various components of the mixture. It results the
formation of bands of color at different levels in column.
 Partition Chromatography Definition:-
The chromatographic technique that involves the
separation of components between two liquid phases;
original solvent and film of solvent used in column is
called as partition chromatography. In this technique the
molecules get preferential separated between two liquid
phases. One of the liquid phases is stationary phase
whereas another is mobile phase in liquid state. 
The components of mixture get dispersed into both
phases preferentially. Remember polar molecules get
partitioned into polar phase and non-polar molecules get
attracted towards non-polar phase only. This method can
be applied to Liquid-liquid, liquid-gas chromatography
only not on solid-gas type as solid phase cannot move. 
 Partition Chromatography Principle:-
The principle of partition chromatography is that the separation
of components of given sample occurs due to partition of
components between two liquid phases. In this process, the
stationary phase is coated with a liquid surface. The solid surface
must be immiscible in the mobile phase. Due to partition of
component between both phases reduces some components
compare to others.

It results the separation of components. Here the stationary phase

immobilizes the liquid surface and makes it stationary phase. The
mobile phase passes over the stationary phase and separate out.
The separation depends on the relative solubility in the stationary
liquid layer. Because of different partition coefficient, different
component of sample are separated.
 Partition Chromatography Technique:-
Partition chromatography is a type of liquid
chromatography which is used to separate components of a
given sample. The separation of components is based on the
interactions of the particles of sample with the mobile and
stationary phases.In partition chromatography, both phases
are in liquid state.
 Chromatographic Phase:-
Chromatography consists of two phases,
> Mobile Phase.
> Stationary Phase.

The mobile phase is usually a fluid which carries the sample

components whereas the stationary phase is a solid material like
Kaolin, alumina, silica, and activated charcoal which takes up the
particles passing through it.  Chromatography is mainly used in
clinical laboratory to detect and identify in body fluids. On the basis of
stationary phase, the nature of the adsorptive force, the nature of the
mobile phase etc. chromatography can be classified in different
types. 

For example: Adsorption chromatography contains an absorbent

as a stationary phase whereas affinity chromatography is based on a
highly specific biologic interaction. The column chromatography
contains a column in which various solutes of a solution are travelled
and separate individual components on the stationary phase. 
Partition Chromatography Procedure:-
In the partition chromatography, the separation of
components of the mixture occurs due to distribution of
components between two liquid phases. The separation
of components occurs on the basis of partition
coefficients of constituents of mixture. The flow of
components or mobile phase separates all components
over stationary phase. 

The polar phase attracts polar components of sample

and non-polar components are attracted by non-polar
phase of the system. Partition chromatography can be
done with different phases like Liquid-liquid and liquid-
gas chromatography.
 Partition Chromatography Applications:-
Partition chromatography is one of best chromatographic
method to get high performance and pure components.
Partition Chromatography is used for final purification natural
extracts, synthetic mixtures and biological matrices. It is also
used for fractionization of complex crude extracts.
Thank you all…