Sarhad university of science and information technology

Methods of Teaching Pakistan

Studies
PRESENTED BY
SADAF GUL
YUSRA
Introduction

 Method may be defined as a systematic procedure

adopted for the attainment of some specific
objectives.
 Theterm teaching method refers to the general
principles, pedagogy and management strategies
used for classroom instruction.
Methods of teaching Pakis Studies

Lecture Method.
Discussion Method.
Demonstration method.
Project Method.
Team Teaching Method.
 1. Lecture Method
 Thisis a method which is generally followed in colleges and
schools with big classes.
 In this method only the teacher talks, the students are passive
listeners and they do not take any active part. Although this
method is attractive, economical speedy, useful for factual
information and logical sequence
Merits of Lecture Method

Economical
Time Saving
Teacher’s work become easier
Useful for factual information
Develops listening skills
Useful for brilliant students
Assists other methods
Demerits of Lecture Method

 Students are passive

 No surety of students understanding
 Weak students cannot follow
 No learning by doing
 Individual differences are not cared
 Authoritarian method
2. Discussion method

The word ‘discuss’ has been derived from the Latin

root ‘discutere’, which means to shake or strike.
Thus ‘discussion’ refers to comprehensively
shaking up the subject, that is, examining it
comprehensively to reach a conclusion.
A discussion is an activity of sitting and talking
about a specific subject.
 CONT
Discussion involves two-way communication between
participants.
In the classroom situation a teacher and students all
participate in discussion.
During discussion, the teacher spends some time listening
while the students spend sometimes talking.
The discussion is, therefore, a more active learning
experience for the students than the lecture.
 MERITS OF DISCUSSION METHOD
 Discussion method can develop following abilities among
students:
 Thinking and communicating powers
 Leadership quality
 Expression ability
 Problem solving ability
 Creativity
 Motivation and confidence
Disadvantages

 Require highly skilled instructor.

 Requires preparation by student.
 Limits content.
 Consumes time.
 Restricts size of groups.
3. Demonstration method
 Demonstrating,which is also called the coaching style or the
Lecture-cum-Demonstration method, is the process of teaching
through examples or experiments.
 Itis one of traditional method. This is also known as Chalk and
talk method. In this method Teacher is active and learners are
passive. Lecture-cum-demonstration includes the merits of the
lecture as well as demonstration method. Demonstration means
‘to show’. In Lecture method teacher just tells but in
demonstration method teacher shows and illustrates certain
fundamental phenomena.
Advantages
Advantages of Lecture-cum-Demonstration Method:
Save time and money.
Student participation.
Helpful to promote useful discussion.
Activity method
Can be presented to large groups.
 Builds confidence
 Reduces damages and waste.
 Promotes safety.
Disadvantages
 Require careful preparation and rehearsal.
 Requires special classroom arrangements.
 Requires tools and equipment.
 Requires large block.
 Requires more instructors.
 Speed of experiment: Either too fast or too slow speed of demonstration
sometimes may create trouble
 Not useful for developing scientific attitude
4. Project method

Project method is one of the modern method of

teaching in which, the students point of view is given
importance in designing the curricula and content of
studies. This method is based on the philosophy of
Pragmatism and the principle of ‘Learning by doing’.
In this strategy pupils perform constructive activities
in natural condition. A project is a list of real life that
has been imparted into the school. It demands work
from the pupils.
Steps of project method

1. Creating Situation:
In the first step teacher creates the proper situation to the
students in the class. He puts up the knowledge about the
project method procedure, steps, and uses to the students.
A project should arise out of a need felt by students and it
should never be forced on them. It should be purposeful and
significant.
 CONT
 2. Selection of the problem
 The teacher helps the students to select the problem and guide them.
Students are having freedom to choose the topic or problem based on
their interest and ability.
 3. Planning:
 The teacher discuss with the students about the problem in various
angles and points.
 After the free expression of the students’ opinion about the problem,
the teacher writes down the whole program of action stepwise on the
blackboard.
CONT
 In the process of planning teacher has to act only as a guide
and should give suggestions at times but actual planning be
left to the students.
 4. Execution
 The students are stating their work in this step. They are
collecting the relevant information and materials at first.
The teacher should give the time and right to the students
according to their own speed, interest and ability.
Advantages
 Based on psychological principal
 Child centered
 Fulfils the needs of all students
 Promotes critical thinking
 Links with real life situation
 Promotes social development
 Working at own pace
 Democratic method
5. Team Teaching

Team teaching is a method of

coordinated classroom teaching
involving a team of teachers
working together with a single
group of students.
Types of team teaching

1. A team of teachers from same

department.
2. A team of teachers from inter-department
but from the same institutions.
3. A team of teachers from inter-
institution.
Advantages of team teaching
Utilizesthe competencies of the teachers.
Creates learning environment.
Opportunity for free discussion
Development of social relationship
Opportunity for teachers to develop professional status
Learners are benefited by the special knowledge by various teachers
It considers the need and difficulty of students.
Its an economical teaching device
It utilizes the teaching aids and equipments of teaching in an appropriate
manner
Bring excellence in teaching.
Disadvantages of team teaching

1. Difficultto seek co-operation among teachers

2. Feasible in practice to assign powers.
3. No mutual regard and respect among teachers
every teacher consider himself as an expert of
the subject
4. Generally they are of the opinion in western
countries not here in Pakistan or India.
What are the importance of Pakistan studies
Pakistan studies is very important because it teach us our history. It give us knowledge about the constitution of our country.
It also helps us to know the past of our history that how our country came into being, why the constitutions are important, what is the role
of citizens in the development of country. And what should we do for the betterment of our country.

We study this subject to know that which difficulties our society faced and how our leaders sacrificed their lives. It gives us knowledge
about our past. It create interest in students to get more knowledge. We know the location of Pakistan in worlds geography (that is very
strong) by this subjects. It also encourage us to get our goals, aims and achievements.
Pakistan studies also plays a great role in our daily. It helps us in resolving conflicts in our society and bring peace, be a good citizen and
keep human rights in your mind.
It also plays role in teaching us current issues and problems which our country currently facing. It also helps us to protect our country
from terrorism.

Pakistan studies is very important subject taught in schools and even on higher levels. This subject is important because to inculcate the
love for home land, have awareness of state, culture, society and about the world.
 The most important is to inculcate the values of love,unity;how Pakistan created, how will it progress and how the
children will defend the homeland when they will grownup. THIS subject is essential for the students.
 But it depends on the teachers how are they teaching, are they just giving emotional speeches or giving lessons on
rational basis. This subject must be taught with rationality so the students get proper guidance about homeland. They
must learn to respect their homeland, culture, different religions, languages and societies. But they not only respect
their own culture ,religion, state but others too.
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