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Deconcentration.
Responsibilities are moved downstream.
Delegation.
Devolution.
Bottom up approach.
Emphasizes participation and efficiency.
Top down approach.
Shift problem (deficit) from central government.
Decentralization.
Bottom up requires genuine democracy.
Potential Problem
Budget Autonomy.
Transparency.
Components of System of Fiscal
Decentralization
Desirable Conditions.
Freedom from Excessive Central Expenditure Mandates.
Unconditional Transfers from Higher Level Governments.
Borrowing Powers.
Obstacles to Fiscal Decentralization
moral hazard.
expectations of bailing out.
Africa, Argentina)…
…but this requires high predictability of transfers (through
Local capacity.
Upstream accountability (Uganda).
Pakistan).
Problem with Local Taxes
Vertical imbalance:
CG collects taxes more efficiently.
Solution: residents pay for what they get - and no more (no tax
exporting).
Horizontal imbalance:
(SIFs).
Requirements of a SIF
taxes.
This is a reason why countries fail.