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Anatomy of The Face BMJ
Anatomy of The Face BMJ
Face
• Sensory supply of face is
trigeminal
• 5th cranial nerve
• C2
• Motor supply
• Muscles of facial expression
• Facial nerve 7th cranial
MOB TCD
• Trigeminal
• Ophthalmic
• Maxillary
• Mandibular
• Cervical plexus
MOB TCD
Fractured Zygoma
• View from above
shows depression
• Lateral X-ray view
should be done
MOB TCD
Great Auricular
• C2 from cervical plexus
• Skin over angle of mandible
MOB TCD
Scalp
• Skin
• Subcutaneous
• Epicranial aponeurosis
• Three fused together
• Loose areolar tissue
• Periosteum
• Occipito-frontalis
• Attached posteriorly
• No anterior attachment
MOB TCD
Scalp
• Occipital portion of occipito-
frontals and epicranial
aponeurosis attached to bone
posterior
• Frontal no bony attachment
• Scalp wounds cause black eyes
• Occipital belly
• Posterior auricular of facial
nerve
• Frontal belly by temporal of
facial nerve
MOB TCD
Eyelid
• Skin
• Orbicularis oculi
• Palpebral portion
• Orbital septum and tarsal
plates, mebonium glands
• Medial palpebral ligament
anchors tarsal plates to
anterior lacrimal crest
• Conjunctival sac
MOB TCD
Lacrimal Apparatus
• Lacrimal gland
• Conjunctival sac
• Puncta
• Cananiculi
• Nasolacrimal sac
• Nasolacrimal duct
• Inferior meatus nose
MOB TCD
Horner's Syndrome
• Ptosis
• Drooping eyelid
• Meiosis
• Constricted pupil
• Anhydrosis
• Lack of sweating
• Enopthalmos
MOB TCD
Orbicularis Oculi
• Orbital closes eyelid tightly,
buries eyelashes
• Makes conjunctival sac
smaller
• Finer palpebral portion in
eyelid
• Anterior to tarsal plate
• Closes eye in blinking and
sleep
• No action on conjunctival sac
MOB TCD
Buccinator
• Buccinator 7th nerve
• Accessory muscle of
mastication
• Outer aspect of maxilla and
mandible
• Related to molar teeth
• Pterygomandibular raphe
• Action keeps food out of
vestibule
• Sucking
• Blowing trumpet
MOB TCD
Facial Nerve
Motor nerve to:
• Posterior auricular to occipital
belly
• Posterior belly of digastric
Enters parotid and divides into
branches
• Temporal
• Zygomatic
• Buccal
• Mandibular
• Cervical
MOB TCD
Facial Nerve
• Stroke
• Upper motor neurone of
facial
• Forehead is spared
• Can wrinkle forehead
• Bilaterally innervated
• All muscles of one side
paralysed if it is a lower
motor neurone e.g. Bell’s
palsy
MOB TCD
Bell’s Palsy
Facial Palsy
MOB TCD
Corneal Reflex
• Afferent (sensory) cilary branches
nasocilary of ophthalmic of 5th
• Efferent (motor)
• Zygomatic branch of facial 7th
• Last reflex to go
MOB TCD
Internal carotid
• Supraorbital artery
• Branch of ophthalmic
External carotid
• Superficial temporal artery
• Facial artery
MOB TCD
Lymph Glands
• Submental
• Submandibular
• Buccal and
mandibular
• Preauricural
• Occipital
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