Improvement on the Production

Energy of Shale oil Using

Waste Plastics
By
• A. G. Olugbenga
• M. D. Yahya
• B. O. Umeh
• O. S. Ojochegbe
Department of chemical engineering,
 INTRODUCTION
Oil Shale
Shale Oil

• Oil shale is formed by the deposit of silt and organic debris on

lake beds and sea bottoms.
• Heat and pressure transform the material into oil shale. It
generally contains enough oil such that it will burn without any
additional processing
•
 INTRODUCTION
• The co-treatment of oil shale mixed with plastic wastes into
useful energetic products or into valuable chemicals can be
achieved in a thermochemical processes – contributing to
available energy invariably reducing energy demand
• solid, liquid and gas products are yield from pyrolysis
• Useful for kinetics of degradation is necessary for the design
of specific reactors.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
AUTHOR & YEAR FINDINGS
Lai et al., 2017 Characterize oil shale pyrolysis by solid heat
carrier in moving bed with internals.
knowledge of pyrolysis kinetics is of great
Aboulkas et al., 2007 importance for the design and simulation of
reactor necessary to establish the optimum
process conditions.
Sun et al., 2015 The process starts by feeding preheated air to
oil shale to initiate a topochemical reaction
and the onset of self-pyrolysis. As the
temperature in the virgin oil shale increases
(to 250–300 C).
RESEARCH GAP
The protective effect of steam by its
reducing secondary reactions and
also catalyst action by shale ash
Knowledge of optimum hydrocarbon
volatilities is still a stiff challenge.
Kinetics parameter are yet to be an
empirical values
Remarkable differences in the
characteristics energy. No reaction
process supporting yield.
 Aim
Oil Shale Plastics
*Partial substitution of fossil *New technology to reduce the
fuels negative environmental impact
*Generate the necessary of waste plastics
energy to supply the *landfills leach the soil
increasing energy demand *incineration produce several
*Alternative fuel source pollutants
co-pyrolysis of plastic wastes and oil shale
 METHODOLOGY

Sample Crushing
Collection Screening

Pyrolysis
DTGA
(TGA)
 RESULTS
• Activation energy gotten
from the slope is 75.5kJ/mol
• Tmax is 421.75°C and the
burn out temperature is
565.09°C.
Figure 1 the kinetic parameter of
Lokpanta oil shale
 RESULTS • degradation happened in three
stages, The first stage-28-
316.41oC, which corresponded to
the departure of the absorbed
water from the sample.
• The second stage - 316.41 and
481.47oC which correlates to the
overlapping of the organic matter
of the oil shale and HDPE
degradation.
Figure 3 thermo-gravimetric analysis of Lokpanta oil shale • The third stage- 481.47 and
and HDPE mixture (left) differential thermal analysis of
Lokpanta oil shale and HDPE mixture (right)
887.44oC degradation of mineral
matter of the oil shale content in
the mixture (calcite, quartz,
kaolin, etc.).
 RESULTS
• Tmax which is 442.27 oC and
the burn out temperature is
at 586.93 oC
• activation energy is
207.4kJ/mol
Figure 2 thermo-gravimetric analysis of HDPE (left)
differential thermal analysis of HDPE (right)
 RESULTS
• Tmax which is 442.27 oC and
the burn out temperature is
at 586.93 oC
• activation energy is
207.4kJ/mol
Figure 2 thermo-gravimetric analysis of
HDPE (left) differential thermal analysis
of HDPE (right)
 RESULTS
• activation energy activation gotten from
the slope is 4.79kJ/mol and a pre
exponential factor of 5.91E-03 High
density polyethylene (HDPE) activation
energy, which was gotten from the
slope of the graph 1.94E-04kJ/mol with
a pre exponential factor of 9.94.
• .
Figure 4 The Coats and Redfern method (left) while the
right presents the Arrhenius kinetic regression
 RESULTS
• observed activation energy for the overlap of the
organic matter of oil shale and high density poly
ethylene decomposition in the mixture was
4.79kJ/mol and 1.94E-04kJ/mol. This is lower than
that of the oil shale which is 75.5kJ/mol
 CONCLUSIONS
The first stage, obtained in the temperature range of 28-316.41 oC. It is attributed to the departure of
moisture from the sample. The second step is between the ranges of 316.41 to 481.47 oC, this is
attributed to the overlapping of the organic matter in the Lokpanta oil shale sample and plastic
degradation. The third step lies between 481.47 and 887.44 oC, which corresponds to the degradation of
mineral matter of oil shale content in the blend.
HDPE acted as a catalyst in the pyrolysis of the oil shale in the mixture, decreasing the activation energy
by the direct proportionality of the maximum temperature which is 407.49 oC.

the energy required to carry out the process necessary to obtain oil from oil shale is reduced by the
addition of HDPE
 REFERENCES
Sun, Y. H., Bai, F. T., Lü, X. S., Li, Q., Liu, Y. M., Guo, M. Y., ... & Liu, B. C. (2015). A novel
energy-efficient pyrolysis process: self-pyrolysis of oil shale triggered by topochemical
heat in a horizontal fixed bed. Scientific reports, 5, 8290

Aboulkas A, El Harfi K, El Bouadili A, BenChanâa M, Mokhlisse A (2007). “Pyrolysis

kinetics of polypropylene, Morocco oil shale and their mixtures”. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim.,
89: 203-209

Lai, D., Zhang, G., & Xu, G. (2017). Characterization of oil shale pyrolysis by solid
heat carrier in moving bed with internals. Fuel Processing Technology, 158, 191-198
 
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