Energy

I. Energy and Work

 Energy
 Work
 Conservation of Energy
 Energy
THERMAL The ability to
cause change.
internal motion of
particles

MECHANICAL
NUCLEAR
ENERGY motion of objects

changes in the
nucleus

CHEMICAL ELECTRICAL

joules (J) motion of electric

bonding of atoms
charges
 Energy
 Kinetic Energy (KE)
 energy in the form of motion
 depends on mass and velocity

• Which has the most KE?

80 km/h truck

• Which has the least KE? 80 km/h

50 km/h motorcycle
50 km/h

80 km/h
 Energy
 Potential Energy (PE)
 stored energy
 depends on position or configuration
of an object

• Which boulder has greater

gravitational PE?
• What other ways can an
object store energy?
 Energy
KE: Kinetic Energy (J)
m: mass (kg) KE= ½ m* v2
v: velocity (m/s)

PE: Potential Energy (J)

m: mass (kg)
PE= m * g * h
g: gravity (9.8 m/s2)
h: height (m)
 Work
 Work
 transfer of energy through motion
 force exerted through a distance

W: work (J)
F: force (N)
W = Fd d: distance (m)
1 J = 1 N·m

Distance must be in direction of force!

 Work
 Brett’s backpack weighs 30 N. How much
work is done on the backpack when he lifts
it 1.5 m from the floor to his back?
GIVEN: WORK:
F = 30 N W = F·d
d = 1.5 m W = (30 N)(1.5 m)
W=? W = 45 J

W
F d
 Work
 A dancer lifts a 40 kg ballerina 1.4 m in the air
and walks forward 2.2 m. How much work is
done on the ballerina during and after the lift?

GIVEN: WORK:
m = 40 kg W = F·d F = m·a
d = 1.4 m - during F =(40kg)(9.8m/s2)=392 N
d = 2.2 m - after W = (392 N)(1.4 m)
W=? W = 549 J during lift
W No work after lift. “d” is not
F d in the direction of the force.
 Conservation of Energy
 Law of Conservation of Energy
 Energy may change forms, but it cannot
be created or destroyed under ordinary
conditions.

 EX:
 PE  KE
 mechanical  thermal
 chemical  thermal
 Conservation of Energy
PE  KE

View pendulum animation. View roller coaster animation.

 Conservation of Energy
Mechanical  Thermal

View rolling ball animations. View skier animation.

 Power
 Rate at which work is done
 Units: watt (J/s)
 Formula:

 P = W / t = (F x d) / t
 Work must be in Joules, time in
seconds