Concept of PHA and PHM

(Arun Kumar Koirala)

 Public Health
• Public health is "the science and art of
preventing disease, prolonging life and
promoting health through the organized
efforts and informed choices of society,
organizations, public and private,
communities and individuals."
-1920, Charles-Edward Amory Winslow (CEA Winslow )
Characteristics of public health

1. It deals with preventive rather than

curative aspects of health

2. It deals with population-level, rather

than individual-level health issues
 Administration
Act of managing some thing.

Administration include all aspects of

administering the correct policy and
procedures required to effectively run a
business or program.
 Administration
• “The guidance, leadership and control of the
efforts of a group of individuals toward some
common goal.”
- (Wm Newman)
• “A process by which the potentials of men and
materials are synthesized and activated for the
achievement of defined goals.”
- (Freeman & Homes)
• “The organizational activities that involve goal
formation and accomplishment, performance,
appraisal, and the development of an operating
philosophy that ensures the organization’s
survival within the social system.”
- (Duncan, W. J )
 Health Administration
• Health administration or healthcare
administration is the field relating to
leadership, management, and
administration of health care system.
 Public Administration
Public Administration is concerned with
the management of public programs,
which interact with the residents of the
community or region
 Public Health Administration
• Management of Public health organizations
or agencies
• Public Health Administration is concerned
with the management of public health
programs, which interact with the residents
of the community or region
 Principles of Public Health Administration

• Health opportunities must not be related to the

purchasing capacity of people
• Benefits of whole community must be at highest
potential while planning health
services/interventions.
• Investment on public health programmes
(service components) must be proportional.
• Health workers training must be appropriate,
need based and continuous
 Principles of Public Health Administration

• Maximum utilization and exploration of local

resources
• Health facilities must be accessible to every
individual.
• Health is the integral part of socioeconomic
development of nation
• Health should not be isolated from other socio-
economic functions
• Essentiality and quality of services should be
maintained.
 Scope of PHA
Major concerns of PHA are

1. As an activity
‫ ٭‬Public Health Administration hold all the
activities of the government

‫ ٭‬Provides a number of Health care and Health

promotion services to the people
 Scope of PHA
1. As an activity : Cont……….

‫ ٭‬Besides, it has to manage government owned

health programs and regulate private
organizations related to the field.

‫ ٭‬Public health administration covers every area

and activities within the field of public health
policy
 Scope of PHA
2. As a discipline.
‫ ٭‬The POSDCoRB view, which denote:
Planning, Organization, Staffing, Directing,
Coordinating, Reporting and Budgeting.

‫ ٭‬Actual (genuine) concerns : specialized

techniques of their own which are not covered
by POSDCoRB e.g. techniques in health
problem detection, maintenance of policy and
procedure which are much and more vital to
efficient health related activities.
 Scope of PHA/PHM
PHA/PHM has two important aspects,
namely deciding the health status
and doing the activities to achieve.
The first provides the basis for the second.
 Management
• Management is one of the basic tools used to
achieve the mission of an organization
- March and Simon 1958
• Management provides the framework and basis for
the system of controls needed to maintain any
organization
• Organization and coordination of the activities of
an enterprise in accordance with certain policies
and in achievement of clearly defined objectives.
• Getting things done through others
 Health Management
• Management is the art of utilizing all
available resources to accomplish a given
set of tasks in a timely and economical
manner.
• “Management is the process involving
planning, organizing, staffing, directing
and controlling human efforts to achieve
stated objectives in an organization”
 Scope of Public health
management
• Production management
– Planning the public health related program, strategy
development and approaches
– Organizing the program
– Planning and controlling in operation procedure
– Management of the necessary resources for
operation
– Inventory cost and quality control
– Monitoring and evaluation
– Research and development etc.
 Scope of Public health
management
• Need management
– Community research to determine the health
needs and expectation of community
– Planning and developing suitable community
health development program
– Setting appropriate methodology and optimum
using of scare resources (resource management)
– Selecting the right channel of distribution
– Promotional activities
 Scope of Public Health
management
• Financial management
– Selecting the appropriate source of fund
– Raising the required funds at the right time
– Administration of earnings
– Estimating the volume of fund
 Scope of Public Health
management
• Personal management
– Manpower planning
– Recruitments
– Selection
– Training
– Appraisal
– Promotions and transfers
– Compensation
– Employee welfare services
– Personnel records and research etc
 Public Health Management
• Public health management is a branch of the public
health profession which involves the management of
public health threats.
• The goal of public health management is to identify and
control threats to public health, and to create policy
which supports public health and the development of
healthy populations.
• Some example of public health management include:
implementing with effective and efficient health related
activities such as public education about health issues,
preventative health care, health inspections, routine
health screenings, diagnosis and treatment of diseases,
rapid identification of emerging public health threats etc.
 Differentiate between
organization, management and
administration
• Organization
- social units formed together to obtain a specific
goal
• Management
- how people worked together to attain a common
goal
• Administration
- overall
- includes policy making