Digital Image Processing:: GGPGC No.1, Abbottabad

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Digital Image Processing:

Introduction II
Saeeda Naz
GGPGC No.1, Abbottabad
After Brian Mac Namee

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Examples: Image Enhancement
One of the most common uses of DIP
Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)
techniques: improve quality, remove noise

etc
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Examples: The Hubble Telescope
Launched in 1990 the Hubble
telescope can take images of
very distant objects
However, an incorrect mirror
made many of Hubble’s
images useless
Image processing
techniques were
used to fix this
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Examples: Artistic Effects
Artistic effects are
used to make
images more
visually appealing,
to add special
effects and to make
composite images
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Examples: Medicine
Take slice from MRI scan of canine heart,
and find boundaries between types of tissue

– Image with gray levels representing tissue
density
– Use a suitable filter to highlight edges
Original MRI Image of a Dog Heart Edge Detection Image

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Examples: GIS
Geographic Information Systems
– Digital image processing techniques are used

extensively to manipulate satellite imagery
– Terrain classification
– Meteorology
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Examples: GIS (cont…)
Night-Time Lights of
the World data set

– Global inventory of
human settlement
– Not hard to imagine
the kind of analysis
that might be done
using this data
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Examples: Industrial Inspection
Human operators are
expensive, slow and

unreliable
Make machines do the
job instead
Industrial vision systems
are used in all kinds of

industries
Can we trust them?
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Examples: PCB Inspection
Printed Circuit Board (PCB) inspection
– Machine inspection is used to determine that
all components are present and that all solder
joints are acceptable
– Both conventional imaging and x-ray imaging
are used
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Examples: Law Enforcement
Image processing
techniques are used

extensively by law
enforcers
– Number plate
recognition for speed
cameras/automated
toll systems
– Fingerprint recognition
– Enhancement of
CCTV images
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Examples: HCI
Try to make human
computer interfaces more
natural
– Face recognition
– Gesture recognition
Does anyone remember the
user interface from “Minority
Report”?
These tasks can be
extremely difficult
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Summary: Why do we need images?
Various imaging modalities help us to see
invisible objects due to
– Opaqueness (e.g., see through human body)
– Far distance (e.g., remote sensing)
– Small size (e.g., light microscopy)
Other signals (e.g., seismic) can also be
translated into images to facilitate the
analysis
Images are important to convey information
and support reasoning
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Key Stages in Digital Image Processing
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
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Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
64 Image Aquisition
Image Morphological
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
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64 Image Enhancement
Image Morphological
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
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64 Image Restoration
Image Morphological
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
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64 Morphological Processing
Image Morphological
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
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64 Segmentation
Image Morphological
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
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64 Object Recognition
Image Morphological
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
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64 Representation & Description
Image Morphological
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
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64 Image Compression
Image Morphological
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
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64 Colour Image Processing
Image Morphological
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
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Summary
We have looked at:
– What is a digital image?
– What is digital image processing?
– History of digital image processing
– State of the art examples of digital image
processing
– Key stages in digital image processing

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1

Digital Image Processing:

After Brian Mac Namee

techniques: improve quality, remove noise

and find boundaries between types of tissue

Original MRI Image of a Dog Heart Edge Detection Image

– Digital image processing techniques are used

the World data set

expensive, slow and

are used in all kinds of

techniques are used

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