HEAT ENGINE

Heat Engine Cycle;

Heat Engine Cycle;

 -cycle of thermodynamic processes and operation
is called out on a working fluid
 -function is to produce the maximum input of a
useful work (w) from a given quantity of energy
supplied to the working fluid
- majority of practical heat-engine cycles, the energy

input is obtained from the energy released by the

combustion of fuel with air
Real practical cycles are based on “ideal” theoretical
cycles it involve the following thermodynamic
processes;
 a pair of parallel isobaric processes- constant
pressure change in volume
 a pair of parallel isochoric processes- constant
volume change in pressure.
Working fluid;
 A pressurized gas or liquid that actuates a machine,
examples include steam in a steam engine, air in a hot
air engine, and hydraulic in hydraulic motor or hydraulic
cylinder.
 More generally, in a thermodynamic system, the
working fluid is a liquid or gas that absorbs or transmit
energy.
Working fluid can be considered “perfect” because
the physical properties and structure remains constant
throughout the cycle of operation. Working fluids used
in practical engines change during the cycle of
processes
In ideal case, the energy output will be the difference
between the energy supplied during the cycle and the
energy remaining and rejected at the end of the cycle.

Efficiency;
Efficiency of the cycle is measured by the energy
output obtained per unit of energy supplied to the
working fluid.
 
Efficiency=energy supplied-energy rejected over energy
supplied
= Q1-Q2/Q1
   
=

Where as
W= work
Q1= Energy supplied
Q2= energy rejected

 
Based on algebraic rules same denominator can be

canceled since it has equal opposing effect.

 

Therefore;
Sample problem
 If a device running working in a forward heat engine,

the energy supplied to produce 1000KJ is 1200KJ. How

much heat is rejected? And calculate the efficiency?
 
Given:
Q1= 1200Kj
Q2=?
W= 1000Kj
Efficiency=?
   
Formula:

Solution:

 
Most ideal cycles involve the following
thermodynamic processes;
 Heat (or cooling) at constant pressure
 Heat (or cooling) at constant volume
 Adiabatic compression or expansion

 
 
Types of heat engine cycle;
 Otto cycle
 Diesel cycle
 Dual cycle
 Joule cycle

 
THANK YOU!