Grade 7 – Mathematics

2nd Quarter

Set of Irrational Numbers

Squaring a number means
multiplying the number by itself.
The square of 3, written as
 

“three squared”
(3)(3)=9
PERFECT SQUARE
SQUARE ROOT
16 4
36 6
100 10
144 12
 The square root of a number is
 

written in symbol as

radical sign
√ 𝟒𝟗 radicand
Example 1. Find the square root.
 
=7
 
a. c. =2
 
 
b. =11 d. =1
 
e. =
 
 Example 2. Determine each square root is rational
or irrational.
   
a. rational c. rational
   
b. irrational d. irrational
Example 3. Determine two rational numbers between which
square root lies.
 √𝟏𝟔 √𝟒𝟗 √𝟔𝟒 √𝟏𝟎𝟎
       

√𝟏 √𝟒
   

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
     

√4  
√ 16 √ 1
 

√ 100 √ 64
 

√ 49
PLOTTING RATIONAL NUMBERS
Example 3. Determine two rational numbers between which
square root lies.
 

a.
Example 3. Determine two rational numbers between which
square root lies.
 
a.
 
√ 𝟒𝟗< √ 𝟔𝟎< √ 𝟔𝟒
𝟕< √ 𝟔𝟎< 𝟖
 

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Example 3. Determine two rational numbers between which
square root lies.
 
b.
 
√ 𝟒 < √ 𝟔< √ 𝟗
𝟐< √ 𝟔< 𝟑
 

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Example 3. Determine two rational numbers between which
square root lies.
 
c.
 
√ 𝟖𝟏< √ 𝟗𝟗< √𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟗< √ 𝟗𝟗<𝟏𝟎
 

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Page 86
SIGNIFICANT
FIGURES
each of the digits of a number
that are used to express it to the
required degree of accuracy,
starting from the first nonzero
digit.
 particular digits
in a number.
ALL NONZERO DIGITS ARE SIGNIFICANT

863 3
7,321 4
12,788,000 5
34,550 4
15.4 cm 3
ZEROES BETWEEN TWO NONZERO DIGITS ARE
SIGNIFICANT.

The measure 3,005

mg has ___4
significant figures.
10,007 mg 5
205 kph 3
5,007 cm 4
LEADING ZEROES ARE NOT SIGNIFICANT.

O.OOO 775 L
3
LEADING ZEROES ARE NOT SIGNIFICANT.

O.OOO 809 L
3
LEADING ZEROES ARE NOT SIGNIFICANT.

0.030 006
5
LEADING ZEROES ARE NOT SIGNIFICANT.

0.030 006
5
500 1
500. 3
100.005 6
87 000. 5
TRAILING ZEROS TO THE RIGHT OF THE
DECIMAL POINT ARE SIGNIFICANT

0.20000
5
TRAILING ZEROS TO THE RIGHT OF THE
DECIMAL POINT ARE SIGNIFICANT

0.001 040
4
0.000 000
0
PAGE 94
SCIENTIFIC
NOTATION
 SCIENTIFIC NOTATION

Is a way of expressing numbers that are too

big or too small to be conveniently written
in decimal form.
The approximate distance of the earth to
 

the Sun is 149 000 000 km and this can

be expressed as
Population of Arizona 7 200 000
How can I use
scientific
notation to
express this
value?
7 200 000
 7 200 000
𝟕.𝟐𝒙𝟏𝟎
 
❑
6
29 700 000
𝟐 . 𝟗𝟕 𝒙 𝟏 𝟎
 
❑7
 6 000
3
𝟔 𝒙 𝟏𝟎
 
 15 million

𝟏 .𝟓 𝒙 𝟏𝟎 7
 
0.000 75
𝟕 .𝟓 𝒙 𝟏 𝟎
 
❑
-4
 0.000 905
𝟗 . 𝟎𝟓 𝒙 𝟏 𝟎
 
❑
-4
 0.000 000 21
𝟐 .𝟏 𝒙 𝟏 𝟎
 
❑
-7
Express each number in scientific notation.
A. B.

32 000 000 0.065

Express each number in scientific notation.
A. B.

7 million 0.000 076

 Express each
number without
exponents
Express each number without exponents

Negative Exponent
 
𝟓
𝟔 . 𝟕𝟖 𝒙 𝟏𝟎 Move to the LEFT

𝟔𝟕𝟖 𝟎𝟎𝟎
 

Positive Exponent
Move to the RIGHT
 Express each number without exponents

Negative Exponent
 
𝟕
𝟒 .𝟑 𝒙 𝟏𝟎 Move to the LEFT

𝟒𝟑 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎
 
Positive Exponent
Move to the RIGHT
 Express each number without exponents

−𝟑 Negative Exponent
𝟓 .𝟎𝟐 𝒙 𝟏𝟎
 

Move to the LEFT

𝟎 . 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟐
 
Positive Exponent
Move to the RIGHT
 Express each number without exponents

−𝟓 Negative Exponent
𝟕 . 𝟗 𝒙 𝟏𝟎
 

Move to the LEFT

𝟎 . 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟕𝟗
 
Positive Exponent
Move to the RIGHT
 Express each number without exponents

𝟖 Negative Exponent
𝟏 .𝟐𝟓 𝒙 𝟏𝟎
 

Move to the LEFT

𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎

 
Positive Exponent
Move to the RIGHT
 Express each number in Express each number
scientific notation without exponents
1. Negative Exponent
Move to the LEFT
7 200 000
𝟔 Positive Exponent
¿𝟕.𝟐𝒙𝟏𝟎
 
Move to the RIGHT

2.
1. 2.

0.000 75  
𝟕 . 𝟗 𝒙 𝟏𝟎 −𝟓  
𝟔 . 𝟕𝟖 𝒙 𝟏𝟎 𝟓
−𝟒
¿ 𝟕 .𝟓 𝒙 𝟏 𝟎
 
 
𝟎 . 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟕𝟗 𝟔𝟕𝟖 𝟎𝟎𝟎
 
 Express each number in
scientific notation
1.

7 200 000
𝟔
¿𝟕.𝟐𝒙𝟏𝟎
 

2.

0.000 75
−𝟒
¿ 𝟕 .𝟓 𝒙 𝟏 𝟎
 
 Express each number without
exponents

Negative Exponent
Move to the LEFT

Positive Exponent
Move to the RIGHT

1. 2.

−𝟓 𝟓
 
𝟕 . 𝟗 𝒙 𝟏𝟎 𝟔 . 𝟕𝟖 𝒙 𝟏𝟎
 

𝟎 . 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟕𝟗 𝟔𝟕𝟖 𝟎𝟎𝟎

   
We identify significant figures
from left to right
569 505. 720
0.009 903 700
 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 – add one
4, 3, 2, 1, 0 - remain
Example 1
34056 (3 sig figs)
Answer – 34100
Example 2
12.421 (4 sig figs)
Answer – 12.42
Example 3
0.056 (1 sig fig)
Answer – 0.06
Example 4
P 500.11 (3 sig figs)
PAGE 94
Answer – P500.
MEASUREMENTS
IN REAL LIFE
You will learn the concept of measurement and
the different measuring devices and their
respective uses
ACTIVITY 1. Looking Back, Looking Forward

Fill up the first two columns of the KWL chart below.

What I know What I want to What I have
about know about learned
measurement measurement
 Winners or Losers
People all over the world are becoming sports-
lovers. When people play sports, they need
some way of comparing performances: whether
in netball court or a sprint track, measures are
needed to separate winners from the losers.
How measurement used to
determine the winners of the
sport event?
GROUP ACTIVITY

WHY MEASURE?

You are given 4 areas in life where

measurements are very useful. Choose an
area and describe in what way is
measurement important in this field. Cite an
example to illustrate your point. What could
be the consequences if measurement is not
accurate in the situation you have cited.
Write your answers in the appropriate column
From ancient times, man has needed a way to measure
things. Measurement provides a way to answer
question about “how many”, “how much”, and “how
far”.
It is required to build things, to administer medicine,
and to specify information about distance, weight or
volume. In our modern world, advanced electronic
devices have replaced the simple devices used in the
past.
You are given 4 areas in life where measurements are very useful. Choose an area and
describe in what way is measurement important in this field. Cite an example to illustrate
your point. What could be the consequences if measurement is not accurate in the
situation you have cited. Write your answers in the appropriate column

Areas In what way measurement What could be the

is important consequence if
accurate measure is
not observed?
COOKING AND FOOD To produced quality cooked and .
PREPARATION baked products. It is important to
measure the ingredients accurately.
1. TRANSPORTATION

2. ARCHITECTURE AND
ENGINEERING
3. BUYING AND
SELLING
4. MEDICINE
ADMINISTRATIONS
Common Side Effects of an Anesthesia Overdose

• Hallucinations.
• Seizures.
• Mental or physical impairment
• Prolonged unconsciousness.
 MEASURING
INSTRUMENTS
 The most commonly used
instruments in measuring length is
the foot rule which can provide an
accuracy of approximately 1mm
Name the appropriate
instruments to use in solving
each problem.
Who is heavier: Mark or Laurence?

WEIGHING SCALE
How cold is it inside a refrigerator?

THERMOMETER
 What is your waistline?

TAPE MEASURE
How fast can your classmate run
the 100-m dash?

STOPWATCH
Between the length of a mathematics
notebook and the length of a
mathematics book, by how much is one
longer than the other?

RULER
 CONVERTING
MEASUREMENT
S
(Measures of
LENGTH)
km hm dam m dm cm mm
K H D M D C M
I E E E E E I
L C C T C N L
O T A E I T L
M O M R M I I
E M E E M M
T E T T E E
E T E E T T
R E R R E E
R R R
            
x x x x x x

km hm dam m dm cm mm
   
 
x  
x  
x  
x x x

convert 45 km to m

45 km = 45000 m
km hm dam m dm cm mm

convert 45 km to m

45 km = 45000 m
km hm dam m dm cm mm

convert 45 km to dm

45 km= 450000
dm
km hm dam m dm cm mm

convert 45 km to cm

45 km= 4500000
cm
km hm dam m dm cm mm

convert 4 dm to cm

4 dm= 40 cm
km hm dam m dm cm mm

convert 4 dm to mm

4 dm= 400 mm
km hm dam m dm cm mm

convert 2.5 km to hm

2.5 km= 25 hm
km hm dam m dm cm mm

convert 2.5 km to dam

2.5 km= 250 dam

km hm dam m dm cm mm

convert 2.5 km to mm

2.5 km= 2500000

mm
km hm dam m dm cm mm

convert 7.45 hm to dam

7.45 hm= 74.5

dam
km hm dam m dm cm mm

convert 7.45 hm to m

7.45 hm= 745 m

km hm dam m dm cm mm

convert 7.45 hm to cm

7.45 hm= 74500

cm
km hm dam m dm cm mm

12 m to dm 120 dm
12 m to mm 12000 mm
12 m to cm 1200 cm
km hm dam m dm cm mm

convert 45 cm to dm

45 cm = 4.5 dm
km hm dam m dm cm mm

convert 45 cm to m

45 cm = 0.45 m
km hm dam m dm cm mm

convert 45 cm to hm

45 cm = 0.0045
hm
km hm dam m dm cm mm

convert 7 m to dam

7m = 0.7dam
km hm dam m dm cm mm

convert 7 m to hm

7m = 0.07hm
km hm dam m dm cm mm

convert 7 m to km

7m = 0.007km
 CONVERTING
MEASUREMENT
S
(Measures of
MASS)
kg hg dag g dg cg mg

convert 51 kg to g

51 kg= 51000 g
kg hg dag g dg cg mg

convert 51 mg to g

56 mg= 0.056 g
 CONVERTING
MEASUREMENT
S
(Measures of
TIME)
 UNITS OF TIME 

10 CENTURIES
1 MILLENIUM
1 CENTURY 100 YEARS
1 DECADE 10 YEARS
 1 YEAR 365 DAYS
1 YEAR 12 MONTHS
1 YEAR 52 WEEKS
1 WEEK 7 DAYS
1 DAY 24 HOURS
 1 HOUR 60 MINUTES
1 MINUTE 60 SECONDS
 MEASURES OF LENGTH
km hm dam m dm cm mm

MEASURES OF MASS

kg hg dag g dg cg mg
 ½ CROSSWISE (YELLOW PAPER) 
!!copy & answer!!

Convert each measure to the indicated unit of measure.

1. 8 cm = _____ mm 6. 8 mm = _____ m
2. 5.74 km = _____ m 7. 59.7 cm = _____ hm
3. 0.81 km = _____ cm 8. 36 cm = _____ km
4. 45610 g = _____ mg 9. 6 g = _____ kg
5. 67.73 hg = _____ dg 10. 1000000mg
= _____ kg
 MEASURES OF LENGTH
km hm dam m dm cm mm

MEASURES OF MASS
kg hg dag g dg cg mg
Measures of
Temperature
What is the appropriate
THERMOMETER
instrument to use in
measuring temperature?
 The most common
temperature units
used in daily life are
degree Celsius (°C)
_____________ and
degree Fahrenheit
_________________ (°F)
Convert 140 °F to degrees celsius
 
𝟓
𝑪= ( 𝑭 −𝟑𝟐)
𝟗
𝟓
 

𝑪= (𝟏𝟒𝟎 ° −𝟑𝟐)
𝟗
𝑪=𝟔𝟎 °
 
Convert 98 °F to degrees celsius
 
𝟓
𝑪= ( 𝑭 −𝟑𝟐)
𝟗
𝟓
 

𝑪= (𝟗𝟖 ° −𝟑𝟐)
𝟗
 𝟏𝟏𝟎
𝑪=¿
   

2 decimal places/round off

 
 𝟓
 

𝑪 = ( 𝑭 − 𝟑𝟐)
𝟗
𝟗
 

𝑭 = 𝑪 +𝟑𝟐
𝟓
 Convert 863.6 °F to degrees
celsius
 
𝟓
𝑪= ( 𝑭 −𝟑𝟐)
𝟗
𝟓
 

𝑪= (𝟖𝟔 3.6 ° −𝟑𝟐)

𝟗
𝑪=𝟒𝟔𝟐°
 
Convert 56 °F to degrees celsius
 
𝟓
𝑪= ( 𝑭 −𝟑𝟐)
𝟗
𝟓
 

𝑪= (𝟓𝟔 ° −𝟑𝟐)
𝟗
𝑪=𝟏𝟑 . 𝟑𝟑°
 
 FORMULA
𝟓
 

𝑪=¿ 𝟗 ( 𝑭 −𝟑𝟐)
   
 Convert 45 °C to degrees
fahrenheit
 
𝟗
𝑭= 𝑪 +𝟑𝟐
𝟓
 
𝟗
𝑭= 𝐱 𝟒𝟓 °+𝟑𝟐
𝟓
𝑭=𝟏𝟏𝟑 °
 
 Convert 76 °C to degrees
fahrenheit
 
𝟗
𝑭= 𝑪 +𝟑𝟐
𝟓
 
𝟗
𝑭= 𝐱 𝟕𝟔° +𝟑𝟐
𝟓
𝑭=𝟏𝟔𝟖 . 𝟖°
 
Convert 56.2 °C to degrees
fahrenheit
 
𝟗
𝑭= 𝑪 +𝟑𝟐
𝟓
 
𝟗
𝑭= 𝐱 𝟓𝟔 .𝟐 °+𝟑𝟐
𝟓
𝑭=𝟏𝟑𝟑 . 𝟏𝟔 °
 
 Convert 67 °C to degrees
fahrenheit
 
𝟗
𝑭= 𝑪 +𝟑𝟐
𝟓
 
𝟗
𝑭= 𝐱 67 °+𝟑𝟐
𝟓
𝑭=𝟏𝟓𝟐 . 𝟔°
 
 FORMULA
𝟗
 

𝑭=¿ 𝑪+𝟑𝟐
   

𝟓
  
𝟓  
𝟗
A. 𝑪= 𝟗 ( 𝑭 −𝟑𝟐) B. 𝑭= 𝟓 𝑪 +𝟑𝟐

A thermometer in a science lab

displays the temperature in both
Celsius and Fahrenheit. If the the
mercury in the thermometer rises
to 56°F what is the corresponding
Celsius temperature?
  
𝟓  
𝟗
A. 𝑪= ( 𝑭 −𝟑𝟐) B. 𝑭= 𝑪 +𝟑𝟐
𝟗 𝟓
A thermometer in a science lab
displays the temperature in both
Celsius and Fahrenheit. If the the
mercury in the thermometer rises
to 100°C what is the
corresponding FAHRENHEIT
temperature?
 𝟓
 

𝑪= ( 𝑭 −𝟑𝟐)
𝟗
𝟗
 

𝑭= 𝑪 +𝟑𝟐
𝟓
Convert 56 °F to degrees celsius
 
𝟓
𝑪= ( 𝑭 −𝟑𝟐)
𝟗
𝟓
 

𝑪= (𝟓𝟔 ° −𝟑𝟐)
𝟗
𝑪=𝟏𝟑 . 𝟑𝟑°
 
 Convert 13 °C to degrees
fahrenheit
 
𝟗
𝑭= 𝑪 +𝟑𝟐
𝟓
 
𝟗
𝑭= 𝐱 13°+ 𝟑𝟐
𝟓
𝑭=𝟓𝟓 . 𝟒 °
 
 Basics of Algebra
• Variables
• Constants
• Coefficient
• Exponent
 VARIABLE
A letter that represent an unknown number
Letter x, y, and z are most used for variables.
Variable is a place holder
12 + 5 = x The “x” is a place holder that stands
for a number that we don’t know
yet.
 COEFFICIENT
A coefficient multiplies a variable.
1. 3 is the coefficient in 3x
  12 is the coefficient in
2. ___
  10 is the coefficient in , 10x
3. ___
 CONSTANT
A value does not change
3
12 𝑥 +34
 
5x - 3

coefficient constant
variable
 −3 𝑥+15
 
4a + 7b 4a + 7b = 25
 𝟐
𝟐 𝒙 −𝟑 =𝟏𝟎 𝒙
 
 Translating English
Phrases to Mathematical
Expressions
A letter that represent an unknown number
ADDITION SUBTRACTION MULTIPLICATION DIVISION

sum minus Product quotient

plus subtracted from twice Divided by

more than Less than times ratio

added to Decreased by Multiplied by Divided into

Increased by Take away of

difference
the sum of a number and ten
x + 10
the sum of a number and 20
x + 20
five added to a number
5+x
A number plus 400
x + 400
The total of b and 5 raised to the
sixth power
6
( b + 5)
Six subtracted from a number
x-6
A number decreased by six
x-6
Six less than a number
Switch the order of the terms

x-6
 Two times a number

2x
The product of 2 and a number
2x
Translating Phrases
•The key words sum, difference, product, and quotient
indicate the answer for their respective operations.

•sum of x and 3 difference of x and 3

• x+3 x–3

product of x and 3 quotient of x and 3

x  3 or 3x x
x  3 or
3
The product of a number and four
4x

The sum of b cubed and seven

b3  7 A number subtracted from 8
8x

Nine divided into a number

x
9
 ab
Seven times the sum of a and b
7 a  b 
 ab
The sum of a and b divided by the
difference of a and b
ab ab
ab
 Translate the phrase to an algebraic expression.

Twelve less than three times a number

a) 3n + 12

b) 12 – 3n

c) 3n – 12

d) 3n  12

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1- 160

1.6
 Translate the phrase to an algebraic expression.
Twelve less than three times a number

a) 3n + 12

b) 12 – 3n

c) 3n – 12

d) 3n  12

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1- 161

1.6
 Translate the phrase to an algebraic expression.
The difference of a and b decreased by the sum
of x and y

a) (a – b) – (x + y)

b) a – b – (x + y)

c) ab – (x + y)

d) (b – a) – (x + y)

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1- 162

1.6
 Translate the phrase to an algebraic expression.
The difference of a and b decreased by the sum
of o and p

a) (a – b) – (o + p)

b) ab – (o + p)

c) (b – a) – (o + p)

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 1- 163

1.6