Transformer Vector

Groups
▪ Determination of transformer groups is very important before
connecting two or more transformers in parallel.
▪ Transformer of one vector group can't be paralleled with transformer
of other vector group.
▪ If done will result in large circulating current because of relative
phase difference between the secondary line voltages being
connected together.
3-ph Transformer primary & secondary
windings are connected in these ways-:

▪ Wye-Wye (also called star-star)

▪ Wye-Delta (also called star-delta)
▪ Delta-Delta
▪ Delta-Wye (also called Delta-Star)
DELTA-STAR TRANSFORMER

▪ Windings on HV side are connected as delta while the LV windings

are connected as star.
▪ Delta-Star connection can be done in two ways-:
 Dy1
 Dy11
 Dy1

A2 A1 a1 a2

B2 B1 b1 b2

C2 C1 c1 c2

 For Dy1 connection HV side is connected as shown above i.e., from

start to end.
 And LV side is star connected with its start terminals connected
together.
 A2 A2 B1
A1

B2
B2 B1
C1
C2 C1 A1
C2

 This HV side can be connected as shown.

 a2
a1 a2

b1 b2 a1
c1
n
b1
c1 c2 c2
b2

 The LV side can be connected to its equivalent Star connection as

shown above
 B1 B1
A2 A2
V
B2
B2
C1
C1
A1
A1 C2
C2

 The equivalent phasor diagram of HV side can be drawn as shown.

 a2 a2

a1
c1
n a1
b1 n b1
c2 c1
b2
b2
c2

 The equivalent phasor diagram of LV side can be connected as shown.

 Comparison of Phasor diagram of Dy1
VAN
12

a2 VAN
van
c2 c1 a1 9 3
n
b1

b2
6

LV side lags by an angle of 300 w.r.t. HV

Note: HV side is always placed at 12 o'clock angle.
 Dy11

A2 A1 a1 a2

B2 B1 b1 b2

C2 C1 c1 c2

 Here the HV side is connected from end to start.

 And LV side is connected as Star connection.
 C1 A2
A2 A1

C2
B2 B1
B1
C2 C1
A1
B2

 Here the HV side is connected to its equivalent circuit of

Dy11 as shown.
 LV side equivalent Circuit of Dy11

a2
a1 a2

b1 b2 a1
c1
n
c1 c2 b1
c2
b2
 Equivalent phasor of HV of Dy11

C1 A2 C1 A2

C2 C2

B1 B1 N

A1
A1 B2
B2
 Equivalent phasor of LV of Dy11
a2 a2

a1
c1 a1
n n b1
b1 c1
c2
b2
b2
c2
Comparison of phasor diagram of Dy11
VAN
12
a2
VAN
Van
b2 9 3

6
 Yd11

A2 A1 a1 a2

B2 B1 b1 b2

C2 C1 c1 c2

 Here the HV side is connected as star connection.

 The LV side is connected from end to start.
 Yd11
A2

A2 A1

B2 B1 A1
C1 N
C2 C1 B1

C2
B2
 Yd11

b1
a2

a1 a2

b1 b2
b2
c1
c1 c2

a1
c2
 Yd11

A2

b1
a2

A1 b2
N B1
c1
C1
a1
B2 c2
C2
 Comparision of HV & LV Phasor

A2
12

a2 VAN
van
9 3
N n b2

c2 B2
C2 6
 Yd1

A2 A1 a1 a2

B2 B1 b1 b2

C2 C1 c1 c2

Here the HV is connected as star connection

Here the LV side is connected from start to
end.
 Yd1
A2

A2 A1

A1
B2 B1
C1 N

C2 C1 B1

C2
B2
 Yd1

c1
a2

a1 a2

c2
b1 b2
b1
c1 c2
a1
b2
 Yd1

A2
C1 A2

C2

A1 B1
N B1 A1
C1 B2

B2
C2
 Comparison of Phasor diagram of Yd1
VAN
12

a2 VAN
van
c2 c1 a1 9 3
n
b1

b2
6

LV side lags by an angle of 300 w.r.t. HV

Note: HV side is always placed at 12 o'clock angle.
Star Star Connection

1. The star connection is also called wye as it resembles the english letter Y.
2. While making 3 phase connection A1,B1,C1 are connected together as
the HV star point N a1,b1,c1 are connected together as the LV star point
n.
3. Apart from that the three terminal A,B and C are taken out from the
transformer.
4. In the phasor diagram ,HVside voltage phasor A1,A2,and B1,B2 and
C1,C2 are drawn 120 degree apart similarly in LV side phasor.
5. It is interesting to note that A1,A2 and a1,a2 are in the same phase
because they are wound on the same limb.
 Star-Star connection

A2 A1 a1 a2

B2 B1 b1 b2

C2 C1 c1 c2
 Yy0

A2 a2

A1 a1
C1 N c1 n
B1 b1

C2 c2
B2 b2
 Yy0

A2 a2

A1 a1
N B1 n b1
C1 c1

B2 b2
C2 c2
Clock Diagram of Yy0

12
van

VAN
9 3