EQUILIBRIUM

APPLICATION OF THE
FIRST LAW
 STATIC EQUILIBRIUM
• A state of balance of an object at
What
rest. is equilibrium?
• A condition
HOW DO WE KNOW
in which all forces
actingIFon the body are
THE OBJECT IS balanced,
causing the body to remain at
rest.
IN EQUILIBRIUM?
CENTER OF GRAVITY
 Center of Gravity
• The location where all
of the weight of an
object seemed to be
concentrated.
 How do we locate the C.G?
• For a regularly-shaped object, it is at its
geometric center.
 Center of Gravity

C.G. C.G.
Height, h

1/4 h 1/3 h

Solid cone Triangle

 How do we locate the C.G?
• Sometimes the C.G. is found
outside the body.

C.G
 Locating the C.G. of Irregularly-shaped object
• For an irregularly-shaped object,
Assignment:
• it could be determined by balancing it by
Intrial
oneandlong
errorfolder,
method draw the
or by the island
plumb bob
method
of Luzon. Cut it out and locate its
center of gravity. Mark it with a
pen. At the back of the cut-out
folder, write how you determined
the location of the C.G.
 STATES OF EQUILIBRIUM

Any object at rest may be in one of

three states of equilibrium.
• STABLE
• UNSTABLE and
• NEUTRAL
 STABLE EQUILIBRIUM
For stable objects:
• the C.G. is at lowest possible position.
• the C.G. needs to be raised in order to topple
the object.
• they are difficult to topple over.
 UNSTABLE EQUILIBRIUM
For unstable objects:
• the C.G. is at the highest possible position.
• the C.G. is lowered in order to topple the object.
• They are easy to topple down.
 NEUTRAL EQUILIBRIUM
For objects with neutral equilibrium:
• the C.G. is neither lowered nor raised when
the object is toppled.
• they roll from one side to another.
 book requires only a
Toppling the upright

slight raising of C.G.

Physics
TOPPLING

by Alvea Joi Sikat

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 TOPPLING

by Alvea Joi Sikat

requires a relatively
Toppling the flat book

large raising of its C.G.

Physics

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TOPPLING
Toppling the cylinder
does not change the
height of its C.G.
 3 FACTORS FOR STABILITY
1. Mass of the object
2. Location of the center of gravity
3. Area of the base of support
The First Condition
Of Equilibrium
 EQUILIBRIUM
• What force/s are acting on the block of
wood? Draw a free-body diagram.
STATIC EQUILIBRIUM
FN
Normal force

FFFFFFFFF
ΣFTable
ΣFWood

Fg Weight of the wood,

W = mg

Gravitational
Force
 STATIC EQUILIBRIUM
• A state of balance of an object at
rest.
• A condition in which all forces
acting on the body are balanced,
causing the body to remain at
rest.
The Ring F3 IfFour
the forces
ring is
areremain
to actingaton
the ring.
rest:

F1 F2

F4
Draw the F3 +y
free-body
diagram.

F1 F2
-x +x

-y F4
 F3 +y
F1 F2
-x +x

-y F4
ΣF = ma =0
ΣF = F1 + F2 + F3 + F4 = 0
ΣF x = (-F1) + F2 = 0
ΣF = F3 + (-F4) = 0
 STATIC EQUILIBRIUM
• The body must be in translational
equilibrium or the body does not
accelerate along any line.
• If the acceleration is zero, then
the resultant of the forces acting
on the body is also zero.
The First Condition of Equilibrium:
If the sum of all forces acting
concurrently on a body is equal to zero,
then the body must be in static
equilibrium. Mathematically:
ΣF = Fnet = 0
ΣFx = 0 and ΣFy = 0
 Example no.1

The chandelier has

a mass of 3.0 kg. T Tension
What is the tension
in the cord?

Fg Gravitational force
W
 Free-body Diagram
Given: m= 3.8kg
Find: T = ?
ΣF = 0
T ΣFx = 0
ΣFy = T – W = 0
T – mg = 0
T = mg = (3.0 kg)(9.8m/s2)
T = 29.4 N
W= mg
 Find F1 and F2
F1 F2
60°

Jaztene’s
Internet Café

W = 600 N
 ΣF = 0
Free-body diagram ΣFX = -F1x + F2x = 0
y -F1 cos 60°+F2cos60°= 0
F1 F2
F1 = F2 ----- eq. 1
F1y 60°
F2y ΣFy = F1y + F2x = 0
60° 60°
x F1 sin60°+F2sin60°-W = 0
F1X F2X
2F1 sin60°= 600N
F1 = 600N = 600N
W = 600 N 2 sin60° 1.73
F1 = F2 = 347 N
3. Determine the tension in the cords
supporting the 2000-N load?
60° ΣF = 0
ΣFX = -T1x + T2 = 0
T1 -T1 cos 30°+ T2= 0
T2 = T1 cos 30° ---- eq. 1
T2
ΣFy = T1y - W = 0
T1 sin30°-W = 0
T1 sin30°= 2000N
T1 = 4000 N
W = 2000N T2 = 2000 N