Assignment 2: Biomechanics Problems – Set 3

Mech 4210 Biomechanics – Fall 2023

Assignment 3: Biomechanics Problems – Set 3

Question 1
Consider the free body diagram shown below which describes the forearm. In this case we are
examining the role of the Biceps and Brachialis. The joint reaction forces are shown to be acting
at the elbow. Using the diagram values provided below:

T1 = 100N, Θ1 = 76°, L1 = 8cm

Θ2 = 63°, L2 = 5cm
Wforearm and hand and L3 , use data tables for a person of height 1.8m and weight 80kg
L4 = 30cm, Wweights = 100N

a) Write an equation for the sum of the moments around the elbow and calculate T2 [2 points]

b) Write an equation for the sum of the forces in the y-direction. Calculate JRFy [2 points]

c) Write an equation for the sum of the forces in the x-direction. Calculate JRFx [2 points]

Image adapted from Introductory Biomechancis, Ethier and Simmons

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Assignment 2: Biomechanics Problems – Set 3
Mech 4210 Biomechanics – Fall 2023

Question 2
A person is lifting a heavy 20 kg box. Two typical approaches to doing this are shown below. Use
the attached anthropomorphic data, as required, for an individual that has a height of 1.75m and a
weight of 60kg to compare the two approaches for lifting the box.
To solve this problem, assume that the mechanical effect of the erector spinae muscles can be
approximated by a single muscle that acts on the vertebral column. This muscle inserts at an angle
of 12 degrees relative to the axis of the vertebral column and inserts at a point which is two-thirds
the length of the trunk, away from the pelvis.
Hint: use the data row “head, arm, trunk” and refer to the segment definition when answering this
question.
a) Draw two free-body diagrams, one for each approach, that could be used to find the joint
reaction and muscle forces. For the proper lifting technique, use an angle of 70 degrees
between the floor and the vertebral column. [3 points]
b) Calculate the joint reaction force components in x and y for each approach. State any
assumptions that you make. [2 points]
c) Calculate the force generated in the single muscle group for each approach. [2 points]
d) Comment (thoughtfully) on the results. Based on your analysis, how bad is the “very bad idea”?
[1 point]

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Assignment 2: Biomechanics Problems – Set 3
Mech 4210 Biomechanics – Fall 2023

Question 3
Consider a gymnast holding a handstand on parallel beams, shown in the image below. The
distance between parallel beams is about 42 cm. The gymnast has a height of 1.8 m and weight
of 75 kg.
a) Draw a free body diagram of the entire body for this position.
State any assumptions used to solve this problem. [2 points]

b) Determine the required muscle force to hold this as a static

position at the shoulder joint. Include a second free body
diagram to help solve this problem and assume the moment
arm of this muscle is 3.5 cm. State any assumptions you make.
[6 points]

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Assignment 2: Biomechanics Problems – Set 3
Mech 4210 Biomechanics – Fall 2023

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Assignment 2: Biomechanics Problems – Set 3
Mech 4210 Biomechanics – Fall 2023