HELPING RELATIOSHIP

OLEH
PURWANINGSIH
 THERAPEUTIC ALLIANCE

• The working relationship that develops

between the client and the counselor
• A key element for successful helping
relationships
• Importance of therapeutic alliance
• Core conditions:
• Trust
• Respect
 Helping Relationships

Dimensions of the Helping Relationship

Within the relationship the helpee may feel:

Trusted Confronted
Safe Not judged
Important Listened to
Respected Valued
Understood Accepted

“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

 Stage 1—Attending
5 STAGE OF HELPING
RELATION MODEL
Stage 2—Exploration Between stage 1 and stage 2 a
decision may be made by the
client or counselor
Stage 3—Understanding
The client may choose to
terminate or the counselor may
Stage 4—Action choose to refer
Stages are fluid, dynamic and
often overlapping
Stage 5—Termination
 Stage 1 Attending
Essential in first stage
• Building trust
• Establishing rapport
• Demonstrating openness
Therapist role
• Observe
• Listen
• Accept
 Stage 1 Attending
Attending skills
• Listening
• Respect (positive regard)
• Genuineness
• Engender hope
• Encouragers
• Silence

Decision point: continue, terminate or refer

 Stage 2 Exploration
Use of more substantive interventions
• Empathy
• Clarifying
• Paraphrasing
• Reflecting meaning
• Summarizing
• Self-disclosure
 Stage 2 Exploration
Client increases
• depth of exploration
• self disclosure
Presenting problem
• may be phased out as real
issues/concerns emerge

Decision point: continue, terminate, or refer

 Stage 3 Understanding

Therapist provides
• Encouragement
• Support
• Positive reinforcement
Skills/interventions
• Interpretation
• Summarization
 Stage 3 Understanding

Advanced therapeutic skills

• Advanced empathy
• Self-disclosure
• Confrontation
• Immediacy
• Interpretation
• Probes and questions (direct/indirect)
 Stage 3 Understanding
Client begins to recognize personal
involvement needed for change
Client becomes more congruent with
feelings, attitudes, thoughts and
behaviors resulting in a increased sense
of self
Fosters insight and awareness that result in
action steps
 Stage 4 Action
Therapeutic focus shifts from problem
identification to action implementation
Therapist
• helps client examine options and
solutions
• encourages client to implement plan
Client
• begins to practice healthier strategies
 Stage 4 Action
Client and therapist
• Evaluate outcomes action taken
• Outcomes (successful or unsuccessful)
discussed, evaluated and revised for
subsequent steps
Decision point: move into other issue(s) or
terminate.
 Stage 4 Action
Therapeutic action skills
• Problem solving
• Advising
• Directives
• Homework assignments
bibliotherapy
journaling
“trying on” new behaviors
 Stage 5 Termination
Termination stage characterized by
• Summarizing salient points of therapy
• Wrapping up unfinished business
• Saying goodbye
Therapist helps client
• Prepare for ending (timing)
• Make transition into larger social context
• Explore loss and accompanying feelings
• Address unfinished business
Potential Hindrances to Helping
Relationships
Resistance
• internal resistance
• external resistance
Transference
Counter transference
 Helping Relationships

Dimensions of the Helping Relationship

Within the relationship the helpee may feel:

Trusted Confronted
Safe Not judged
Important Listened to
Respected Valued
Understood Accepted

“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

 Helping Relationships

What can the helper do to enhance the relationship

– Be warm and encouraging

– Show strength and confidence
– Be consistent and dependable
– Model honesty and integrity
– Restrain your own personal needs
– Resonate with what you sense is going on
– Be open to change within the relationship
– Stay flexile
– Respond therapeutically
– Show caring and understanding

“Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”