Safety Training Material

for SAUDI

2013. Feb
Rabigh-II. CP 3&4 HSE Team

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Safety Training for SAUDI

INDEX

1. Basic Safety in Industry

2. Introduction Q.HSE & HSEMS of GS E&C.

3. HSE Leadership Training

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1. Basic Safety industry

Training Objectives

• Understand the importance of safety in any work place

• Learn safety theory
- Heinrich’s Law
- Swiss Cheese Model
- Error
• Basic safety principles
• Safety management
• Attitude to cultures of multi-nationality

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What is SAFETY?
Western interpretation
S : Supervise observe / supervise for unsafe factors
A : Attitude set an example, danger prediction
F : Face judgment about abnormal state and communicate
E : Evaluation assessment and measures
T : Training implement of training, it gives the knowledge for good and bad
Y : You are the Owner for safe works.
Safety means change of unsafe state and behavior to peaceful mind and
sound body without accidents by 6 factors(S.A.F.E.T.Y)

Oriental interpretation
安 : Compound word of 家 and 女
It has a meaning of “emotionally and psychologically become stable by woman at home”
( emotional stability, control of break, create mood, employment stability and other
psychological meaning)
全 : Compound word of 人 and 王
It means “The King seated in honor of administering the national law”
( comply with work procedures, secure a set of passages, set a workbench and other physical
meaning)
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What is SAFETY?

Why Should Safety Be First?

Because LIFE is at stake!....

…and it may be YOUR life!
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Importance of SAFETY

Importance of SAFETY

- Accidents can result to major losses to life, property or environment.

• Direct and indirect costs to property loss
• Costing injury or fatality
• Harming the environment

2. “Workers are to be protected”

- REMEMBER The workers are the most
valuable asset
• Can boost worker morale
• Promotes job security and satisfaction

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Heinrich’s Law / Pyramid : 1931

This Incident Pyramid

Major Injury
1 proposes that for
every 300 unsafe acts
there are 29 minor
29 Minor Injuries injuries and one (1)
major injury.

Unsafe Acts :
300 No Injury Accidents
Insurance Company Research : 1969

Insurance Company of
North America
1 Major/Serious Injury

conducted subsequent
Minor Injuries
study using more than 10
1.7 million incidents
reported by nearly 300
Property Damaged
companies in 21 30 Incidents
industrial groups.
Near Miss Incidents.
600 : No Injury or property
damage

This study revealed a similar pattern to Heinrich’s

but with slight deviation in the ratios.

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Heinrich’s Law / Pyramid in Recent

The more Unsafe acts /

conditions are
eliminated.

The less accidents will

occur.

* Heinrich’s work is the theory of “Behavior-based safety” which holds

that
as many as 95 % of all workplace accidents are caused by unsafe acts .
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Swiss Cheese Model : 1990

Your Normal
Potential
Life or Work Errors
OR
Defensive
Layers

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Swiss Cheese Model : 1990

Your Normal Life or Work

An error may
allow a problem
to pass through a
hole in one layer,
but in the next
layer the holes are
in different places
and the problem
should be caught.

Each layer is a defense against potential error impacting the

outcome.
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Swiss Cheese Model

Layers or
Controls
Hazard/
Risk WORK

Undesirable
outcome

The more defenses you put up, the better.

Also the fewer the holes and the smaller the holes, the more likely you are to
catch / stop errors that may occur.
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Types of Errors and violation

Human
errors

Intended Unintended
action action

Violation Mistake Lapse Slip

Rule-based, Skill-based,
Memory
Knowledge- Attention
failures
based Failures
Basic Error Types

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Do you keep the rules on the board?

Do you really
mean all of this,
everywhere on
this location?

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Basic Safety Principles

Reduce errors :
We can not change the human condition, but we can change
the conditions under which human work.

Prevent Error ;

1. Automate when work or process

2. Standardize to reduce reliance on memory

3. Use checklists

4. Reduce the number of steps and handoffs.

5. Add redundancy (double checks) for high risk processes.

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Cause of Accident ?

Unsafe behavior (88%) )1(

Removal of safety device function

Wrong posture & movement
Wrong use of safety clothes & equipment
Use of device for other purpose
Approach to dangerous area
Leaving the hazardous conditions
Not implementing safety measures
Repairing of device during operation
Operation failure
Operation in unsafe speed
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Cause of Accident ?

Condition of hazard (10%) )2(

Condition of hazard is the condition which has possibility of accident due
.to unsafe factors

Defect of tool/materials
Defect of protective equipment

Defect of work place

Defect of protective clothes & PPE

Poor working environment

Natural unsafe condition

Wrong work method

.Etc

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Cause of Accident ?

(3) Factor of weather (2%)

Falling by strong wind, fatigue and loss of attention by high
temperature, behavior obstacle by drop of temperature and other
causes of falling accident.

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SAFETY Management

• REDUCE potential risks for accidents

• REAFFIRM and improve safety standards
• IMPROVE communications and understanding
• PROVIDE a more sensitive indication of safety performance
• CHANGE the cultural attitude towards safety
• MAKE the safe working condition

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Accident Preventive Measures

Identification of overall risk point

Elimination Control

Risk Control
Measures
Reduction PPE

Avoiding Risks

Isolation Discipline

Risk Control Measures

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Safety Staffs, Supervisor

Role and Responsibility of Safety Staffs / Supervisor

 Set
Set Safety
Safety policy
policy
 Establish
Establish Safety
Safety system
system
Top  Establish
Establish basis
basis of
of system
system
management  Manage
Manage and
and instruct
instruct
safety
safety rules
rules to
to workers
workers

HSE Staffs,  Accelerate

Accelerate safe
safe work
work
 Check
Check worker’s
worker’s safety
Supervisor  Training
safety
Training supervision
supervision

 Implement
Implement safe
safe work
work
Worker
 Attend
Attend safe
safe activity
activity

HSE Supervisor is Key Man of HSE.

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HSE Cultures

THE ICEBERG
HOW MUCH DO YOU SEE OF AN ICEBERG?

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 HSE Cultures

VISIBLE
ABOVE SEA LEVEL
10 %
SEA LEVEL

INVISIBLE
BELOW SEA LEVEL

90 %

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HSE Cultures

ONLY 10% OF
ANY ICEBERG IS
VISIBLE.

THE
REMAINING
90% IS BELOW
SEA LEVEL.

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HSE Cultures

10% of action and

events are visible
and approved.

90% of action and

events are invisible
and guided by
culture.

Can Sink Even the “Unsinkable”

Safety Program.

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HSE Cultures

Knowledge & Skills.

Policies, Procedure,
Leadership
KNOWN
TO OTHERS
SEA LEVEL

UNKNOWN
TO OTHERS
Assumptions,
Norms,
Beliefs.
ATTITUDE TO
CULTURES 26
HSE Cultures

• The Iceberg phenomena is also

applicable on human beings …

• In other words, we need to respect

each other.

• Let’s focus on the safety for human

beings at job site.

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