MORAL AND CIVIL

SOCIETY
MCEB 212 TOPIC 2
AZMI BIN AHMAD
Azmia@uniten.edu.my, ext 6866
TA-5-288 A,CES BUILDING, UNITEN
 Topic 2: Racial Determinant Factors
• Physical and biological factors:
African Native American
• Linnaeus theory (1773): human Red
is identified according to their Black
skin color and the geographical
location that they are residing. Asian European
Dark White
Topic 2: Racial Determinant Factors
• Physical and biological factors : African Native American Asian
Red
Black Dark
• J.H. Blumenbach (* ) Suggested
that other than four types of European New Guinea
races there are another two White
S.E Asian (Malayan)
races that has been identified.
Topic 2: Racial Determinant Factors
• Physical and biological factors :
• N.N. Cheboksarov (*) classified
Negroid
human race according to the Europoid/
(black
color of the skin and other Caucasoid
skin)
physical characteristic such as (fair skin)
shape of the head, shape of the
nose, mouth and hair.
Mongoloid
(yellow skin)
Topic 2: Racial Determinant Factors
Topic 2: Racial Determinant Factors
• Geographical factors:
• Geography provide boundaries and border that allow a group of
people to stay and procreate within a safe environment for a long
period of time. This reproduction of offspring will preserve the
survival of genetic inheritance.

• Stanley Garn (1961) classified human race according to geographical

proximities. There are 9 human categories has been identified
according to geographical location.
Topic 2: Racial Determinant Factors
N Category
o
1 Amerindian Native American before the arrival of European and the African
2 Polynesian East Pacific Ocean natives
3 Micronesia Micronesia and South Pacific Ocean native
4 Melanesian New Guinea, Fiji and South Pacific Ocean native
5 Australian Australia aborigine before the arrival of the European
6 Asiatic Native of South East, Central Asia and Siberia
7 Indian Native of India
8 European European native , North Africa and Southwest Asia
9 African African native at the south of Saharan Desert
Topic 2: Racial Determinant Factors

• Rough distribution of
human races globally
Topic 2: Racial Determinant Factors
 Topic 2: Racial Determinant Factors
Geographical location Physical features

Origin Race Anthropology group Europoid Southern Europe Northern Europe

South Europe South India, Balkan, Fair to tanned Small face frame Fair skin
(Indo Mediterranean, Soft, wavy or Black wavy hair Blonde or light
Mediterranean) Atlantic, Black Sea, straight hair brown hair
Europoid/ East Europe
Caucasoid Body hair Brown eyes Blue eyes
North Europe Atlantic Baltic, Baltic
(Atlantic Baltic) Sea Flat ,straight and Thick nose line High and long
slightly bent nose
forehead
Round and long
head/ skeletal
Topic 2: Racial Determinant Factors
• Geographical location • Physical features

Origin Race Anthropology group African Australoid

Negroid South Africa(Bushman) Tanned to dark brown Black or brown
(African) Central Africa(Pigmy) Curly black hair Wavy black hair
East Africa (Ethiopia)
Negroid Sudan (Negro) Big dark brown Reddish brown eyes
Australoid Atlantic Baltic, Baltic Sea Wide cheek bone, low nose Wide nose, bent
(Oceania) line, prominent jaw, thick eyebrow, prominent
lips, wide mouth lash, small face frame
Long skeletal, medium chin, Thick lip, long skeletal
less hairy, long leg
 Topic 2: Racial Determinant Factors
• Geographical location • Physical features
Origin Race Anthropology group North Mongoloid South Mongoloid Native American
North South Siberia, Central
Mongoloid Asia, Siberia (Balkan) Yellowish skin Dark skin Mixed color
(Asia North Pole, East Asia Slant eyes, slightly Eye corner open Iarge eyelids and
continental) closed half closed
South South Asia, Polynesia Less facial hair Medium lips, wide Less facial and
Mongoloid Mongoloid nose bodily hair
(Asia pacific) Wide cheek bone, Straight and wavy Straight black hair
wide and flat facial hair, with some facial
American North Amerika, Central structure hair
Indian Amerika Small and short face High nose
(Red Indian) frame, wide nose,
short body
Topic 2: Racial Determinant Factors
Topic 2: Racial Determinant Factors
• Blood type:
• Different blood type determine
(heredity) racial and social Black Yellow
status.
• Arthur de Gobineau (1816-1882)
insist that human is categorized
into three skin toned that also
White
related to the blood type of
every person.
Topic 2: Racial Determinant Factors
• He further argue that the leader
must be chosen from those who
have inherited the highest
percentage of the Aryan blood.
• Aryan people are known to have
fair skin and was given the
absolute right to rule.
• In the 18th century, the most
ancient known Indo-European
languages were those of the
ancient Indo-Iranians.
• The word Aryan was therefore
adopted to refer not only to the
Indo-Iranian peoples, but also to
native Indo-European speakers as
a whole, including the Romans,
Greeks, and the Germans.
Topic 2: Racial Determinant Factors
• According to de Gobineau “The
blood from colored people
specifically black will
contaminate the purity of the
Aryan blood hence will hinder
the advancement of the Aryan
people”.
• Thus, marriage of different blood
type is limited even if it could
facilitate the race advancement
Topic 2: Racial Determinant Factors
• This theory however have been
rejected due to the
accomplishment of science and
technology.
• Scientific finding showed no
special element or extraordinary
content in any specific racial
group of people.
Topic 2: Racial Determinant Factors
• Activity:
• How does blood type can create
conflict between people of
different ethnicity?