Finishes

Finishes
 Finishes gives the appearance of the building.
 Finishing of building can be divides as:
– Floor finish.
– Wall finish.
– Ceiling / soffit finish.
 Floors with tiles
 Material used:
– Ceramic tiles - size: 100x100, 200x100, 150x150mm
with thickness 9.5 mm and 12.5mm.
– Terracotta tiles - size: 150x150, 230x100, 150x150,
150x75 mm with thickness of 16,18,19,22, and 32mm.
– Cement tiles - sizes: 150x150, 200x200, 225x225,
300x300, 400x400, 500x500mm with thickness of 15,
20, 25, 30, 35 and 40mm. These tiles have grooves of
various patterns. Plain tiles also available.
Floors with tiles
 Floors with Cement
 Construction process: Concrete should be placed
first. Tiles should be dipped into water before laying.
Tiles should be laid on a 12mm thick bed of 1:3
cement sand mortar. A coat of neat cement slurry
should be applied over the mortar and underside of
tiles also should be coated with thick cement. The
coated tiles should laid on the mortar and gently
pressed down. The excess cement should be wiped
off at joints.
Terrazzo floors with tiles or in-situ
terrazzo
 Brick paved cement rendered floor
 Materials used: Cement or lime and sand.
 Construction process: Generally use to construct
outdoors. First ground should be filled with hard
core filling. Then wetted bricks should laid on
edge or flat on 12mm thick motor bed of 1:2 lime
mortar. Lime mortar is used for jointing of bricks.
 Rendering of 12mm thick will be done by using
1:2 cement mortar. Then neat cement
layer(cement paste made with water). Coloring
pigments can be added to the cement paste.
Brick paved cement rendered floor
 Wall finish - plastering
 Material used.
Cement/sand/lime.
Gypsum.
 It has natural porosity.
 Can be applied in different thicknesses by
varying the number of coats.

 Wall tile.
 Wall finish - plastering
 Functions of plastering.
– Protect the basic work from climatic actions.
– Provide a neat & flat surface.
– A cushion for other finishes. E.G. Painting &
tiling.
– Easy to clean.
– Increase durability.
– Provide comfort for the people live in the building.
Plastering tools
External plastering
Internal plastering
Soffit plastering
 Wall finish - painting
 Principal objectives of painting are:-
– Preservation.
– Appearance.
– Hygiene.
 A painting system for a given material usually consists of:-
– Primer.
– Undercoat.
– Finish coat.
 Wall finish - painting
 Primer
 Adheres well to the background and evens out the surface porosity.
With ferrous metals, controls rust. Care must be taken to choose
suitable primer for the material to be covered.
 Undercoat
 Adheres to the primer, builds up the paint thickness and obliterates
surface irregularities. The undercoat should bring the surface to a
suitable colour for receiving the finishing coat. Two coats of
undercoat are usually required.
 Finish
 Adheres to the undercoat and provides a protective layer, colour and
surface texture.
Wall finish - painting
Wall tile
Ceiling
Ceiling
 Selection criteria
 Visual acceptability
– Smoothness/texture.
– Traditional nature of the finish.
 Ease of cleaning
– Smoothness/texture.
– Absorption characteristics.
– Suitability of decoration.
– Durability.
 Other external wall finishes
 Rain –screen cladding: are used as external wall
finishes. These are types of weather resistance
decorative paneling attached to main structure with a
grid of sample metal framing.

 Curtain walling: this is a form of lightweight non-

load bearing glass external cladding which forms a
complete envelope around the structural frame.
Rain-screen cladding
Rain-screen cladding
 Types of wall Claddings.
 Steel.
 Plastic.
 Concrete.
 Aluminum
 Wood.
Steel cladding
Plastic cladding
Concrete cladding
Aluminum cladding
Wood cladding
Curtain wall
 Types
Homeowners can select from a number of different
materials when choosing wall cladding.
– Aluminum cladding is more costly than vinyl, but is
also more durable and long-lasting.
– Wood may be used for their aesthetic appeal, though
they tend to be relatively costly and high-
maintenance.
– Masonry cladding products like brick are some of the
longest lasting of all siding materials, though both are
fairly costly and difficult to install.
 Function
– Wall cladding serves both an aesthetic and a
functional purpose when installed on the exterior of
the home.
– Materials and colors are often selected to give the
home a specific look, or to match the architectural
design of a building.
– Cladding also protects the home from rain, wind and
other weather-related elements.
– It helps to keep moisture from penetrating the walls,
and often provides some level of insulation against
thermal transfer.
 Installation
Most cladding materials are installed directly to
plywood. Products like vinyl, aluminum or fiber
cement siding are nailed to the sheathing in
overlapping rows, with special corner beads and end
caps used to complete the installation.
 Maintenance
– The required maintenance for wall cladding varies
depending on application, finish and climate.
– Vinyl siding is sold with integral color and requires
painting, though it is not as durable as most other
products, and may crack in cold temperatures.
– Aluminum is often left unpainted, but may hollows if
exposed to high winds.
– While wood requires painting, cleaning and regular
repair,
– Brick are very durable and require only painting as
needed.
 Considerations
– For many homeowners, cost is one of the primary
concerns when selecting wall cladding.

– It is important to balance not only the upfront

material costs, but also the life of the material and
replacement costs over time.

– Homeowners should also consider the cost of

maintenance and installation.