INFORMATIO

N LITERACY
LESSON 3
LET’S EXPLORE

Answer the questions based on the information learned

or read from other sources. Write your answers briefly

but clearly.
1. When can you say that a person is information

literate?
2. How can a person develop skills in information

literacy?
3. Why is ethical use of information important?
LET’S EXAMINE

 If a person is well informed, he would know what to do at

certain situations.

If he lack the necessary information, he may get into trouble

or hurt himself.
 A vendor was reprimanded by a policeman because he was caught
selling his wares on the sidewalks. He refused to leave simply because
he is not aware of this ordinance.
 A man went to a doctor to complain about a recurring headache. The
doctor cannot instantly diagnose the patient’s illness without running a
series of tests.
HOW TO BECOME A
WELL-INFORMED
INDIVIDUAL
• Information is vital for learning.

• Students are taught different subjects in school so you can

gain knowledge about important things and develop essential

skills which you can apply in real-life situations.

• If you are well informed, you cannot be easily deceived by

others.

• Being well-informed boost your confidence too. You will feel

free to get around just about anywhere because you would

know how to deal with things at certain situations.

How can individual be well-informed?

Reading books and other printed materials, such as

newspapers or magazines, can make you well-informed. You

can discover things that you may find interesting.

How can individual be well-informed?

Listening to the radio or watching news on television. News

channels nowadays do not only highlight current events but

also other matters of curiosity, such as medical tips and

breakthroughs.
How can individual be well-informed?

Asking questions from reliable resource persons. For example, you

have read about crossbreeding of plants, but you could not fully

understand some technical aspects of discussion, you can seek

information from an expert in the field of crossbreeding and conduct an

interview.
PEOPLE WHO ACCESS
INFORMATION
People who need to have access to information

1. STUDENTS. They need to access

information to broaden their knowledge

about the different subjects they study in

school.
2. Teachers. The role of teachers or educators is to facilitate learning and

enhance their student’s knowledge and skills. They should be well equipped by

gathering accurate and sufficient information about the subject matter they are

teaching so their students will be properly guided.

3. Scientists. The research becomes substantial,

rich, and meaningful when scientists seek new

information by conducting series of studies, tests,

or experiments to validate their findings, such as

cure for HIV and AIDS.

4. Medical practitioners. Doctors and other medical practitioners keep track of

their patient’s health. They require physical or laboratory tests so proper

treatment will be administered to their patients.

5. Lawyers. If relevant and complete

information about the case is on hand,

lawyers can defend their client strongly in

court. Lack of evidence is the common

reason why most cases are dismissed.

6. Journalist and reporters. Different coverage, such as issues, organizations, or institutions,

are assigned to journalists and reporters but their common task is to secure information for

the news or articles they are developing. If the news transmitted by journalists or reporters

contain false information or cause harm to other, they may be sued in court for libel.
7. Artists. Most of the artists’ works are based on their creativity and artistic interpretation.

At times, they do their own research to add meaning and depth to their masterpieces. If an

artist is commissioned to do a portrait of a personality, he should perform a background

study first so that he can render painting with appropriate qualities of the subject.
 ACCESSING
INFORMATION USING
THE CARD CATALOG
Three basic types of card catalogs

1. Author catalog. The entries for the author catalog are listed

by author, editor, compiler, translator, or other parties

considered to have responsibility for the creation or assembly

of the work specified.

 The author’s name (surname first) is found at the top of the

card catalog. Below it are the title of the book, the publishing

information, and three to five main subjects highlighting the

content of the book. If the book has two or more authors, the first

on the list appears on the card catalog.

2. Title catalog. The title catalog has entries which are listed by title

only. Titles that starts with an article like “A, An, and The” should be

ignored in searching for the title of the book. In the title catalog, the

name of the books is found on the top followed by the author’s

name, publishing information, and the related subjects.

3. Subject catalog. The subject catalog lists books or other materials under

the subjects treated and arranged alphabetically or by classes. It organizes all

of the library lists of titles by the main subjects. Some libraries prefer having

multiple entries for the same book while others list a single main subject in

capital letters on the top of the card for each book in the subject card catalog.
OPAC
Some university libraries have an online public access catalog

(OPAC). Libraries of big and well-funded universities use an OPAC as

they have a large collection of books and other reading materials. The

OPAC enables the student to access the library’s database installed in

selected desktops of the library.

CLASSIFICATION OF
BOOKS IN THE
LIBRARY
 The library contains a collection of books. Books are

classified and properly organized in the library to enable the

user to find the one that matches his research.

Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)

Borrow a book from the library and you will notice that the bottom of

its spine has Arabic numerals written on it. This three-digit number

pertains to the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) or Dewey Decimal

System which American librarian Melvil Dewey created in 1876.

Library of Congress Classification (LCC)

Bigger libraries, such as university libraries, use the Library of

Congress Classification System (LCC), which classifies books using

letters and numbers that are correlated with the subject, title, and author

information. The LCC categorizes books into 21 branches of knowledge.

SELECTION OF THE
LIBRARY
1. General Reference Section

• For library use only

• Examples are encyclopedias, dictionaries, thesauri, and

almanacs.
2. Circulation Section

• Mostly textbooks that cover different subject areas.

• Pocketbooks and novels are found in this section.

• Fictions and nonfiction books are also found here.

3. Periodical Section

• Newspapers, magazines, and journals are found at the

Periodical Section.

• Periodicals are for library use only.

4. Filipiniana Section

• Printed materials written by Filipino authors about the

Philippines and published in the Philippines.

OTHER SOURCES OF
INFORMATION
1. Theses and Dissertations

• A thesis refers to a scholarly or academic research of either

an undergraduate or a master’s degree student.

• A dissertation refers to the scholarly work of a doctoral

student.
2. Interviews

• Interviewing a resource person who is an expert in a specific

field is another way of getting accurate and reliable

information.
3. Museum

• A researcher can go to a museum to find resources for study.

• Primary sources and Secondary sources.

3. Museum

• A researcher can go to a museum to find resources for study.

• Primary sources and Secondary sources.

4. Internet

• Easier and more convenient source for searching information

than going in the library.

• Just type the key word on the search engine.

THE SEARCH ENGINE
 A search engine is program capable of searching

documents in the web using specific key words. It displays a

list of websites when key words are entered in the search field.
URL or Uniform Resource Locator refers to a web page’s

address.
ETHICAL USE OF
INFORMATION
1. Citation

• A researcher uses citations to inform the readers that certain

texts or ideas on his work came from another source.

2. Plagiarism

• A researcher or writer accused of plagiarism means he used

someone else’s work and ideas.

• Proper citation should be observed to avoid plagiarism.

3. Copyright

• The copyright protects the owner, who can either be the

author or the publisher, of his exclusive legal rights for the

use and distribution of an original work.

• Copyright can expire.

4. Intellectual property

• Through the IP, a person is credited as the rightful and

original owner of his work.

• Copying the work of someone else’s is a violation of the

owner’s intellectual property rights.

5. Public domain and fair use

• Once the duration of the copyright ceases, the work becomes

available for public domain.

• Fair use refers to the limitation and exception to the exclusive

right granted by copyright law to the author of a creative work.

-END
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
Use the information that you have learned from the lesson in real life.