CITIZENSHIP

and
BELONGING
Citizenship
is a term denoting membership of a citizen in a political
society, which membership implies, reciprocally, a duty of
allegiance on the part of the member and duty of protection
on the part of the State.
General ways of Acquiring Citizenship.
They are :
 Involuntary Method.
 by birth, because of blood relationship or
place of birth.

 Voluntary Method.
 by naturalization
Citizens by birth:
There are two principles or rules that govern citizenship
by birth namely:
 Jus Sanguinis- blood relationship is the basis for
the acquisition of citizenship under this rule.
Citizens by birth:
There are two principles or rules that govern citizenship
by birth namely:
 Jus Soli or Jusloci- place birth serves as the basis
for acquiring citizenship under this rule. A person
becomes a citizen of the state where he is born
irrespective of the parents.
These two modes of acquiring
citizenships correspond to
the two kinds of Citizen,
Natural-Born and
Naturalized citizens.
Citizenship at the time of the adoption of
the Constitution.
The citizens referred to are those considered
Filipino citizens under the 1973 Constitution
at the time of the affectivity of the new
Constitution on February 2, 1987 by virtue of
proclamation No. 58 of the president.
Citizenship by Blood Relationship.
Section 1, paragraph 2, follows the
principle of the jus sanguinis. In the
determination of the citizenship of the
child, Filipino mothers are placed by the
Constitution on equal footing with their
husbands.
dual citizenship
 Citizen Through Election Under the 1935
Constitution.
Under the 1935 Constitution, a child born of the
Filipino mother, who was married to a
foreigner, is born an alien and remains an
alien during his minority until he elects
Philippines citizenship.
Citizen by naturalization.
1. Certain rights and privileges, duties and obligations
limited to Filipino citizens.
 under our constitution and our laws there are certain
rights and privileges that could be enjoy only by
Filipino citizens.
2. Constitution nationalistic in character.

3. Care in granting or denying

privilege of naturalization essential.
4. Ideals policy on naturalization.
the policy on naturalization
should be guided by our own
national interest.
Naturalization is the act of
formally adopting a foreigner into
the political body of the state and
clothing him with the rights and
privilege of citizenship.
Ways of acquiring by naturalization.
A person may be naturalized in three ways:

1.By judgment of the court.

 the foreigner who wants to become a Filipino citizen
must apply for naturalization with the proper
Regional trail court .
2.By direct act of congress
 in this case our law-making body simply enacts an
act directly conferring citizenship or a foreigner.
3.By administrative proceeding
 Under R.A. No.9139 (Jan, 8, 2001), Known as the
administrative naturalization law of
2000,”aliens
born and residing in the Philippines may be granted
Philippine citizenship by administrative proceedings
before a special committee on naturalization.
Kinds of citizens under the constitution.
They are:
1.Natural-born citizens.
they refer to those:
a.Who at the moment of their birth are already
citizens of the Philippines, and
b.Do not have perform any act to acquire His
Philippine Citizenship.
 Citizens at the time of adoption of
2.

the new Constitution.

they refer to those who are considered
citizens of the Philippines under the
1973 Constitution at the time of the
adoption of the new Constitution.
3. Citizens through election.
they refer to those born of Filipino mothers
before January 17, 1973 who upon reaching the
age of majority elect Philippine's citizenship
after the ratification of the 1973 constitution
 4. Naturalized citizens
they refer to those who were originally
citizens of another country, but who, by
an intervening act (i,e., naturalization),
have acquired new citizenship in a
different country.
Loss of citizenship.
A Filipino citizen may lose his citizenship in any of the
following ways:
1. Voluntarily.
 they are:
a.by naturalization in foreign country (R.A. No.9225 )
b. by express renunciation of citizenship;
c. by subscribing to an oath of allegiance to
support the constitution and laws of a foreign
country;
d.by rendering service to, or accepting commission in
the armed forces of a foreign country ( except under
certain circumstances).
2. Involuntary
a.by cancellation of his certificate of
naturalization by the court: and
b.by having been declared by
competent authority, a disaster in the
Philippine armed force in the time of
war.
Reacquisition of lost Philippine
citizenship.
Citizenship may be reacquired:
1. by naturalization provide the applicant
possesses none of the disqualifications
provided in the naturalization law.
2. by repatriation of deserters of the
Philippines armed forces and women
who lost their citizenship by reason of
marriage to an alien, after the
termination of their marital status: and
3. by direct act of the congress of the
Philippines.
Repatriation is affected by merely
taking the necessary oath of
allegiance to the Republic of the
Philippines and registering the same
in the proper civil registry.
Effect of marriage of citizens to an
alien.
Under the section 4, a citizen of the
Philippines who marries an aliens
does not lost his/her Philippine
citizenship even if by the law s of
his/her wife’s/ husband’s country,
he/she acquires her/his
nationality.
Dual allegiance of citizens.

Section 5 prohibits more particularly

naturalized Filipinos from practicing
what is called “dual allegiance” which
refers to the continued allegiance of
naturalized national to their country
even after they have acquired Filipino
citizenship.
Dual citizenship, on the other hand,
refer to the possession of two
citizenships by an individual, that of
his original citizenship and that of
the country where he became a
naturalized citizen.
Retention and reacquisition of
citizenship.

Filipinos aboard may now acquire dual

citizenship. R.A. No. 9225, the “Citizenship
Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003”
(approved August 29, 2003), declares it
the policy of the State that all Philippines
citizens who become citizens of another
country shall be deemed not to have lost
their Philippines citizenship under the
conditions of the Act.
Rights with corresponding obligations.
Citizens should realize that for every right
There must be a corresponding duty.
If the people are aware not only of their
rights but also of their obligations,
there will be less misunderstanding and
less conflict in society.
One of the reasons for the
turmoil and ferment in many
countries is the attitude of
demanding one’s rights under the
law and yet being forgetful of
one’s duties as a citizens.
Duties and obligations of citizens.

. To be loyal to the republic.

1
 by loyalty, we mean faith and confidence
in the republic and love and devotion to
the country
“home of our people, the seat of our affections and the
source of our happiness and well-being.”
2. To defend the state.
Men may differ and do differ on religious
beliefs and creeds, government policies, the
wisdom and validity of laws, even the
correctness or judicial decisions and decrees,
but in field of love of country, national unity,
and patriotism, they can hardly afford to
differ for these are matters in which they are
mutually and vitally interested, for to them
they mean national existence or survival as a
nation or national extinction.
3. To contribute to the
development and welfare of
the state.
the development and welfare of the
state should be the concern of every
citizen for he will be the first to
enjoy the benefits.
4. To uphold the constitution and obey
the laws.
the constitution is the expression of the
sovereign will of our people. It is the shrine for
all the hopes and visions for our nation. Laws
are enacted in accordance with it for the good
of all.
5. To cooperate with duly constituted
authorities.
6. To exercise rights responsibly and
with due regard for the rights of
others.
7. To engage in gainful work.
Every citizen should consider it
his own responsibility and should
strive to become a useful and
productive member of society to
assure not only himself but, to his
family a life worthy of human
dignity.
8. To register and vote.
suffrage is both a privilege and
a duty which every qualified
citizen must perform.