MORPHOLOGY

(REVIEW EXERCISES)
LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN
 What you should know:

MORPHOLOGY  Def: Morphology

(chap. 4, Rowe &
 Morphemes:
Levine)  Free, bound morphemes
 Analysing Word Structure
 Root, affix
 Base
 Affix: prefix, suffix, infixes, circumfix
 Derivation:
 English derivational affixes
 Constraints in derivation
 Trees
 What you should know:
MORPHOLOGY  Inflection:
(continued)  Inflection in English
(chap. 4, Rowe &  Inflection vs. Derivation
Levine)
 Compounding:
 Properties of compounds

  Other Morphological Phenomenon:

 Processes: Compounding, Conversion,
Clipping, Blending, Back-formation,
Acronyms, Onomatopoeia, Eponyms &
Trade names, Derivation, Other word
formation processes, Foreign word
borrowing
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Morphemes
Lexical Categories
Compound Words
Affixation and Trees
Bound Morphemes: Inflectional or Derivational?
Word Formation Process
Overall Review
 Morphemes

WORDS: SIMPLE OR COMPLEX?

MORPHEMES: FREE OR BOUND?
Simple or Complex Words/Bound Morphems

Are these words simple or complex?

Circle the bound morphemes.

a. Anyways  Complex -s
Forget Simple
b. Forget no bm
c. Undo  Complex, un-
d. Tonight
Tonight Complex, no bm
e. Spleeny Complex, -y
Spleeny

O’Grady, 2009
Free & Bound Morphemes

Put a plus (+) sign between morphemes.

Label each as bound (b) or free (f)

e. Discredit  dis (b) + credit (f)

f. Using  Use (f) + ing (b)
g. Tricycle  Tri (b) + cycle
h. Delight Delight (f)
i. Justify  Just (f) + ify (b)
Free & Bound Morphemes

Put a plus (+) sign between morphemes.

Label each as bound (b) or free (f)

a. Television a. Tele (b) + vision (f)

b. Informatory b. In (b) + form (f) + atory (b)
c. Farming c. Farm (f) + ing (b)
d. Reformation d. Re (b) + form (f) + ation (b)
e. Ranch e. Ranch (f)
Lexical Categories
 Exercise: Word class

Determine the word class of each of the following words.

Is it a content word of a function word?
a. Establishment a. Noun
b. a b. Determiner
c. to c. Preposition
d. lovely d. Adjective
e. inconvenience e. Noun
f. adversely f. Adverb
g. submit g. Verb
h. or h. Conjunction
i. from i. Preposition
Compound Words
REVIEW
Determine the lexical category of these compound word.

a. Makeover a. VERB ADV = N

b. Ladybug b. NOUN NOUN = N
c. Workbook c. VERB NOUN = N
d. Downcast d. ADV VERB = Adj
e. Firefly e. NOUN NOUN = N
f. *Downtrodden f. ADV V = Adj
Affixation
and Trees
 Word Structure – Morphological Trees

Draw the trees.

a) b)

Reference: O’Grady & al. (2009)

 Word Structure – Morphological Trees

Draw the tres.

c)

Reference: O’Grady & al. (2009)

 Word Structure – Morphological Trees

Draw their tree structure. d) Dissatisfied

Label the root, the base and the affix

ADJ
ADJ
Af V Af
Dis satisfi ed
 Word Structure – Morphological Trees
Draw their tree structure.
Label the root, the base and the affix d) Activation

Root

BaseBASE BASE
 Bound Morphemes:
Inflectional or Derivational?
 Looking at the AFFIX:
Inflectional or Derivational?

1) impermeable 1) Derivational prefix

2) plagiarized 2) Inflectional suffix
3) plagiarize 3) Derivational suffix
4) Cats 4) Inflectional suffix
5) despair 5) Derivational prefix
6) fragility 6) Derivational suffix
7) slowest 7) Inflectional suffix
 Looking at the AFFIX:
Inflectional or Derivational?
8) premade 8) Derivational prefix
9) undo 9) Derivational prefix
10) whiten 10) Derivational suffix
11) beaten 11) Inflectional suffix
12) oxen 12) Inflectional suffix
13) slower 13) Inflectional suffix
14) teacher 14) Derivational suffix
 Looking at the AFFIX:
Inflectional or Derivational?
Place a plus (+) sign between each morpheme
Label each BM as derivational (D) on inflectional (I).
a. Bill’s a. BILL + ‘S (I)
b. Running b. RUN + ING (I)
c. Player c. PLAY + ER (D) *
d. Action d. ACT + ION (D)
e. Roughest e. ROUGH + EST (I)
f. Comes f. COME + S (I)
g. Friendly g. FRIEND + LY (D)
Rowe & Levine, 2012
 Looking at the AFFIX:
Inflectional or Derivational?
Place a plus (+) sign between each morpheme
Label each as derivational (D) on inflectional (I).
h. Unfriendly h. UN (D) + FRIEND + LY (D)
i. Longer i. LONG + ER (I)
j. Loveable j. LOVE + ABLE (D)
k. Judgment k. JUDGE + MENT (D)
l. Banana l. BANANA
m. Slowest m. SLOW + EST (I)
n. Quicker n. QUICK + ER (I)
Rowe & Levine, 2012
 Looking at the AFFIX:
Inflectional or Derivational?
Place a plus (+) sign between each morpheme
Label each as derivational (D) on inflectional (I).
o. Unhappy o. UN (D) + HAPPY
p. Semicircle p. SEMI (D) + CIRCLE
q. Nobody q. NO + BODY
r. Aaron’s r. AARON +
‘S (I)
s. Broken (adj) s. BROKE + EN (D) *
s. Broken (v) t. BROKE + EN (I) *
t. Happily u. HAPPY + LY (D)
Rowe & Levine, 2012
Word Formation Process

HOW TO NEW WORDS ARE CREATED

 New Word Formation Process

Name all ten word formation processes seen in

class:
 Derivation
 Compounding
 Conversion
 Clipping
 Blending
 Back-formation
 Acronyms
 Onomatopoeia
 Eponyms & Trade names
 Foreign word borrowing
 SUFFIXOCATING !!!

What was the word process used for the

word « suffixocating »
di ng
B len
 Homework - Ex 19, p. 144

a) Automation  automate a) Backformation

b) Humid  humidifier b) Derivation
c) Information, entertainment  c) Blending
 infotainment
d) Loveseat  loveseat d) Compounding
e) Progress  progress
e) Conversion
f) Typographical error  typo
f) Clipping
g) Aerobics, marathon  aerobathon
g) Blending
h) Act  deactivate
h) Derivation
i) Curve, ball  curve ball
i) Compounding
O’Grady, 2009
 Homework - Ex 19, p. 144

j) Perambulator  pram j) Clipping

k) (the) comb  comb (your hair) k) Conversion
l) Beef, buffalo  beefalo l) Blend
m) Random access memory  RAM m) Acronym
n) Megabyte  meg n) Clipping
o) Teleprinter, exchanger  telex o) Blend
p) Influenza  flu p) Clipping
q) GST  Goods and Services Tax q) Initialism

O’Grady, 2009
Overall Review
 Morphology

Invent a word using this root : VACUUM

1. by adding a prefix to this base (make sure that there are

no constrains to the combination).
2. And then adding a suffix.
3. Draw the structure (tree) of the two words that you have
just created.
4. What are the lexical categories of these words?
 Morphology

Invent a word using this root : WORSHIP

1. by adding a prefix to this base (make sure that there are

no constrains to the combination).
2. And then adding a suffix.
3. Draw the structure (tree) of the two words that you have
just created.
4. What are the lexical categories of these words?