TLE-CARPENTRY

Good Morning Class!

February 10, 2021
Can accidents be
prevented?
TLE-CARPENTRY

Importance of
Safety
and Health in the
Construction
Industry
Occupational Safety and Health
promotion and maintenance of the highest
degree of physical, mental and social well-
being of workers
prevention safety and health hazards
 protection workers from adverse effects to
health
placing and maintenance of the worker in an
environment adapted to his/her ability.
Global OSH Situationer

International Labour Organization Report

 270 Million accidents reported

 350,000 of which are fatal

 160 Million work-related illnesses / diseases

reported
Global OSH Situationer
 2,000,000 workers DIE every year

 More than 100,000 work fatalities occur every month

 more than 5,000 everyday

 4 every minute

 Each year, 22,000 children are killed by work

accidents!
Construction Industry
At least 60,000 fatalities occur at construction
sites, around the world, every year

1 fatal accident occurs every 10 minutes

Around 17% of all fatalities at work (1 in

every 6) are construction fatalities
 OSHC Study

Factors That Contribute

to the Occurrence of Accidents
in the Construction Industry
Leading Causes of
Accidents
Type of Trade
Month of Occurrence
Time of Accident
 Assessing the Knowledge,
Attitude and Practices (KAP) of
Construction Workers and
Managers on OSH (2004)
FGD-Supervisors
Attitudes
Supervisors believe that accidents are not
preventable, specially during rush work.
Accident happens due to worker’s negligence and
over familiarity with work
To prevent accidents, workers need discipline and
adherence to safety policies and regulations
FGD : Workers’ Attitude
Workers’ attitudes toward safety
Accidents are not preventable
They can avoid accident if they stay alert, strong, careful,
able to drive away fear
They are responsible for their own safety
Others believe that their safety is responsibility of the
supervisor
They need safety information, PPE, and other safety
protection
Accident
An occurrence or event that is:
• unexpected,
• unforeseen,
• unplanned and
• unwanted
that may or may not cause damage, injury,
fatality, loss or work stoppage.

The result is usually apparent

Primary Causes of Accidents

Unsafe Act
Unsafe Condition
Unsafe Act

The human action that

departs from a standard
or written job procedure
or common practice,
safety rules, regulations
or instructions.
Reasons for Unsafe Act
Improper Attitude
Lack of Knowledge or
Skills
Physical Unsuitability
Improper Mechanical or
Physical Environment
Unsafe Condition
The physical or chemical
property of a material,
machine or the
environment which could
result in injury to a
person, damage or
destruction to property or
other forms of losses.
Work System People

Equipment

Environment
Process

Materials
Accident Theory
People Equipment

Environment Process

Materials
Accident Causation
Human Factors
The actions that people take, or do not take, greatly
affect what happens in the workplace
• Employer
• Workers
• Clients
• Guests
Accident Causation
Material Factors
Many of the materials involved in producing goods
and services in the workplace, including waste
products, involve safety hazards.
These hazards include risks from explosions, fires
and unexpected traumatic exposure to highly toxic
substances
Accident Causation

Equipment Factors
Equipment refers to the tools, machines, facilities,
vehicles, and other hardware used in the workplace.
Equipment may be hazardous if a person is exposed
to parts that move, spin, rotate or cut.
Accident Causation
Environmental Factors
The workplace environment is the place where
people, materials and equipment come together to
get work done.
There are many aspects of the environment that
can affect or alter conditions adversely and contribute
to safety hazards.
Accident Causation

Process Factors
A process is the sequence of actions used to
transform materials and human skills into goods or
services.
It is the way work is designed.
Fire Hazards

A serious problem associated with

workplace design is the potential for fire
hazards.
Offices/ workshops/ laboratories contain
large amounts of combustible materials,
such as paper, furniture and gases, which
can easily ignite and emit toxic fumes.
Materials Handling Hazards
Material handling is a major
cause of injury.
– Improper lifting of materials can
cause musculoskeletal disorders
such as sprains, strains, and
inflamed joints.
– Accidents involving mechanized
material handling equipment,
such as fork-lifts and cranes.
Electrical Hazards

Electrical accidents in
workplaces usually occur as a
result of:
– Faulty or defective
equipment
– Unsafe installation, or
– Misuse of equipment
Machinery and Tool Hazards
The biggest hazard comes from moving machine
parts which may accidentally come into contact with a
worker’s body causing injury or death.
Workers may be crushed when a part of their body or
clothing gets caught in rotating shafts, belts or pulleys
Body parts may be severely injured or even severed
by presses, blades and saw
I Direct Costs
T
C
H
E
E
B
O
E
R
R
Y
G
Indirect Costs
Direct Cost of Accidents
 Medical Expenses
 Equipment Damage
 Wasted Raw Materials
 Insurance Premiums
 Litigation Expenses
Indirect Cost of Accidents
1 Injured Workers
 Lesser productivity due to interruption on day of
injury
 Loss in efficiency
 Loss of income
2 Other Employees
 loss productivity due to:
 work stoppage out of curiosity
 when assisting injured worker
 due to inspection
 Loss in efficiency out of sympathy to the injured
 Additional cost due to completion of added work
Indirect Cost of Accidents
3. Supervisors
 lost productivity :
 when assisting the injured
 due to accident investigation
 in preparing reports
 during inspection
4. Replacement worker
 hiring or training
5. Equipment
 downtime
Humane Aspects

Sorrow due to loss

Hardships and inconveniences
Physical pain/discomfort
Psychological problems
Can accidents be
prevented?
Unsafe Act vs.
Unsafe Condition

98% - preventable
• 88% - unsafe act
• 10% - unsafe condition
2% - non-preventable
Focus of OSH
People
People

Equipment
Environment

Materials
 Systems to Control
Unsafe Acts/Unsafe Conditions

SOURCE PATH RECEIVER

Pre-contact:
Engineering Control :
Elimination/Minimization Enclosure of the Hazard
Isolation of the Hazard Redirection of Hazard
 Systems to Control
Unsafe Acts/Unsafe Conditions
Administrative Control :
Exposure time limitations ,Safe work practices
Alarms and Warning signs, Training and Education

SOURCE PATH RECEIVER

Pre-contact:
Engineering Control :
Elimination/Minimization
Enclosure of the Hazard
Isolation of the Hazard
Redirection of Hazard
 Systems to Control
Unsafe Acts/Unsafe Conditions
Administrative Control :
Exposure time limitations ,Safe work practices
Alarms and Warning signs, Training and Education

SOURCE PATH RECEIVER

Pre-contact:
Engineering Control : Point of contact:
Elimination/Minimization
Enclosure of the Hazard Personal Protective
Isolation of the Hazard Equipment (PPE)
Redirection of Hazard Last line of defense
 Legal Basis

Book IV, Title I – Occupational Safety

Medical, Dental DO 13 Guidelines
and Health
and Occupational Governing Safety
Standards, (OSHS)
Safety and Health in
as amended
Construction
Industry
55
 Why the need for OSH?

Family
Regulatory Agencies
Employee Health

SAFETY

Accident Costs
Production
Corporate
Image Quality
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CENTER
Department of Labor and Employment
Website: www.oshc.dole.gov.ph
Email: oshcenter@oshc.dole.gov.ph