OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

1.0 Introduction
2.0 Sustainable Forest Management (SFM)
3.0 Biodiversity Conservation
4.0 Issues and Challenges
5.0 Conclusion

ADONG BIN KUWAU

 1.0 INTRODUCTION
• Malaysia - the highest percentage of forested
land among developing countries.
• Estimated forested land in PM (2008) - 5.88
million ha or 45% of the total land area.
• Of the total forested land, 4.80 million ha -
Permanent Reserved Forests (PRFs) - National
Forestry Act 1984.
• PRFs managed - Sustainable Forest
Management (SFM).
• Natural forests of PM are classified into three
major forest types:-
i. Mangroves
ii. Peat Swamp
iii. Dry Inland
 Major Forest Types

Upper Montane
Mangrove Peat Swamp Dry Inland 1,500 m
Lower Montane

1,200 m

Upper dipterocarp

750 m

Hill dipterocarp

Lowland dipterocarp 300 m

Freshwater/peatswamp
Coastal Vegetations
Mangroves
Distribution and extent of major forest types in
Malaysia, 2008 (million ha)

Natural Forest
Total
Land Dry Swamp Mangrove %of Total
Region Forested
Area Inland Forest Forest Land Area
Land
Forest
Peninsular
13.16 5.48 0.30 0.10 5.88 44.7
Malaysia
Sabah 7.37 3.94 0.12 0.34 4.40 59.7
Sarawak 12.30 7.98 1.12 0.14 9.24 75.1

Malaysia 32.83 17.40 1.54 0.58 19.52* 59.5

* Inclusive of 0.25 million ha of Forest Plantation

Permanent Reserved Forest (PRFs) in Malaysia,
2008 (Million Ha)

Region Protection Forest Production Forest Total Land Area UnderPRFs

PeninsularMalaysia 2.00 2.80 4.80

Sabah 0.59 3.00 3.59

Sarawak 1.10 5.00 6.10

Malaysia 3.69 10.80 14.49

forest sanctuary for wild life (90,985 ha)

Distribution and extent of major forest types in
PRFs, 2008 (million ha)
Natural Forest
Dry Swamp Mangrove %of Total
Region PRF PRFs
Inland Forest Forest Land Area
Forest
Peninsular
13.16 4.50 0.20 0.10 4.70 36.00
Malaysia
FOREST COVER BASED ON NFI-4
FOR PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
 Diverse Of Malaysian Tropical Rainforests

Flora
• 15,000 flowering plant species

• 2,650 tree species

• 1,100 species of fern and fern-

allies

Fauna
• 300 species of mammals

• 700 – 750 species of birds

• 165 species of amphibians

• 350 species of reptiles

• 300 species of fresh water fish

• 1,200 species of butterflies

• 12,000 species of moths

2.0 SUSTAINBLE FOREST MANAGEMENT

Since the establishment of the Forestry

Department in 1901, the forest in PM have been
systematically managed under sustainable
forest management

The shift / changes in management from solely

sustained yield timber production to multi-
functions forestry indicates our commitment to
manage the forest in multiple uses
ITTO 1992 : Sustainable Forest Management
(SFM) is the process of managing forest land to
achieve one or more clearly specified
objectives of management without undue
reduction of its inherent values and future
productivity or undesirable effects on the
physical and social environment.
 3 Pillars of SFM

ECONOMY

SUSTAINABLE
FOREST
MANAGEMENT

SOCIAL &
CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
3.0 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

i. National Forest Policy

ii. National Forestry Act

iii. Mitigation Measures During Forest

Harvesting

iv. Implementation of Forest Certification

(Malaysian Criteria and Indicator)
 National Forest Policy

• National Forest Policy was formulated in 1978

and accepted by the National Forestry
Council.
• National Forestry Council (NFC) - Serves as a
forum for the Federal and the State
Governments to discuss and resolve common
problems and issues relating to forestry
policy, administration and management, and
to enhance co-operation between the Federal
and State Governments.
• NFP was revised in 1992 to include aspects of
biological diversity conservation and the
sustainable utilization of forest genetic
resources.
• The main objectives of NFP:-
i. Conserve and manage the nation’s forest
based on the principles of sustainable
management
ii. Protect the environment to conserve
biological diversity, genetic resources and
to enhance research and education
• Under NFP, PRFs are managed and classified
under four (4) major function:-

i. Protection Forest
ii. Production Forest
iii. Amenity Forest
iv. Research and Education Forest
 National Forestry Act
• Under section 10 (1) of the National
Forestry Act 1984, the PRFs were further
classified into one or more functional use
classes which are as follows:-
i. timber production forest under
sustained yield;
ii. soil protection forest;
iii. soil reclamation forest;
iv. flood control forest;
v. water catchment forest;
 vi. forest sanctuary for wildlife;
vii. virgin jungle reserved forest;
viii. amenity forest;
ix. education forest;
x. research forest;
xi. forest for federal purposes; and
xii. state forest park.

• The National Forestry Act, 1984 was amended

in 1993 to further strengthen its provisions
for safeguarding and protecting the forest
resources from illegal logging, encroachment
and timber theft.
Acts prohibited in permanent reserved forests

• 81. (1) Unless authorized under this Act, no person

shall, in a permanent reserved forest –
(f) use poisonous substance, or dynamite or other
explosives on rivers or lakes for the purpose of
fishing; or hunt, shoot, fish or set traps or snares;

(2) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) shall

be guilty of an offence and shall on conviction be
liable -
(c) if the offence is under paragraph (d), (e), (f) or
(g), to a fine not exceeding ten thousand ringgit or to
imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years
or to both such fine and imprisonment.
 Network of Protected Areas
i. PRFs – classification
ii. Virgin Jungle Reserves (VJR)
iii. Genetic Resource Area
iv. Forest State Parks / Urban forest Parks /
Geo Forest Parks
Permanent Reserved Forests 4.80 mill ha
Peninsular Malaysia, PRF
2008 (under full
Protection)
NFA 1984 2.00 mill ha 2.80 mill ha
Protection Production
Forest Forest

• For ensuring favourable climatic

and physical conditions of the • For the supply in perpetuity, at
country reasonable rates of all forms of
• The safeguarding of water forest produce which can be
resources economically produced within
• Soil fertility the country and are required for
• Environmental quality agricultural, domestic,
• Preservation of biological industrial purposes and for
diversity export.
• The minimization of damage by
floods and erosion to rivers and
agricultural lands
 Mitigation Measures During Forest Harvesting
To minimize the detrimental effects of forest
harvesting, stringent parameters are followed:-
i. No logging - certain altitude and slopes;
ii. Cutting limit prescriptions;
iii. Timber tagging and directional felling;
iv. Retention of mother trees;
v. Protected trees - 32 species;
vi. Buffer zones;
vii. Road specification; and
viii. Implementation of RIL.
 Implementation of Forest Certification
• SFM is further attested by the implementation
of MC&I for assessing management of
tropical forest.

• MC&I - Forest Stewardship Council (FSC):-

- 9 Principles
- 47 Criteria
- 96 Indicators

• Related / Relevant Principle

- Principle 6 – Environmental Impact
- Principle 9 – Maintenance of HCVF
 4.0 ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
i. Security of PRF
 1985-2008 – forested areas from 6.35 million ha to 5.88
million ha (declined)
 1985-2008 – PRFs in PM increased from 4.60 million ha
to 4.80 million ha

ii. Illegal logging and Encroachment

 Enhance monitoring and detection system to prevent
and minimize these activities through Remote Sensing
and Radio Frequency Identification technologies.
iii. Valuation of forest goods and services-
mechanism and methodologies - eg water

iv. Networking and promotion – e.g. where

are you working?
 5.0 CONCLUSIONS

FD is fully concerned of the need for effective

forest management and conservation practices
so as to ensure a sustained supply of timber,
maintain environmental stability, provide
sanctuary for wildlife and to serve as an
invaluable storehouse of genetic resources.