Propaganda

Writing
 A number of young criollos and mestizos
continuing their studies in Spain:

• Paterno brothers~ Pedro, Alejandro and

Maximo Jr.

• Gregorio Sanciano

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 Pedro Paterno
• Went to Spain in 1871
• obtained his doctorate in law from the
Central University in Madrid in 1880
• Also Sanciano obtained the same degree
from the same school at the same year.

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 Pedro Paterno in Madrid
• The Paterno Residence in Madrid was the
scene of frequent reuniones artisticas
attended by prominent literary and
political figures.

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 • Pedro eventually published a book
entitled, Sampaguita, intended as the first
of a series of volumes for an eventual
Biblioteca Filipina to publicize the
Filipino talent.

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 Sanciano’s book
• He had begun in 1880 to write for the
newspapaer, El Democratico, calling for
reforms in his country.

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 • The next year, he published the first
planned trilogy titled El Progreso de
Filipinas. Bu only the first appeared in
print.

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 • Sanciano’s book is what today we call a
socio-economic feasibility study.
• The basic need he wrote was for a better
financial system to provide sufficient
funds for the essential infrastructure.

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 • To bolster his thesis, Sanciano added
concrete data proving that instead of
helping, the numerous indirect taxes and
customs duties hindered economic
growth.

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 • He suggested that the 3 taxes: property,
industrial and commercial taxes.
• If there was a need for still other taxes,
they should be scaled according to the
ability to pay.

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 • Sanciano’s Filipinism in the sections
discussing the tributem which Indios and
Chinese mestizos had to pay , but not
thoise the European blood.

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 • The work seems not to have impressed
the government at all. In fact, Sanciano
disappeared from history. But his book
anticipated many of the themes later
nationalist writers would ventilate.

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 THE MOST INFLUENTIAL
GROUP:
• Friars
• Over-eagerness for economic gain
• They do send money to Rome but not in significant amounts.
• Influenced the Indios to the extent that the latter believed that
by loving a Spaniard, one will be saved eternally.
• Indios also learned to hate foreign heretics (Dutch, Englioh,
Russians).
• It’s impossible to conquer the islands as long as they are
present in the colony.
• Hated by foreigners and alcaldes because they protect they
Indios from their abuses.

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 PHILIPINE-BORN CLERGY
• They were useless.
• Known as discontented mestizos.
• Although they were clergies, they are being stripped
off from the parishes.
JESUITS AND THE VINCENTIANS
• Their primary objective was their loyalty to their
organization.
PENINSULARS
• Known as “birds in flight”.
• Their main objective was to go to the Philippines just
to amass wealth and return home.
• Always being suspected by native-born.
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 REFORMATION OF THE
ADMINISTRATION:
• The following reasons why there was a need to reform the
administration:
• Firstly, officials being sent to the Philippines were unskillful.
• Secondly, they only care about being rich.
• The governor-general was powerless since the treasurer
communicated directly with the Overseas Minister in Madrid.
• The treasury was not placed under the governor-general’s
supervision so there were no improvements.
• AUDENCIA ASKED FOR REFORMS:
• The audiencia took over whenever the military opened a province.
• Members of the audencia would act as provincial governors or
mayors and are well-informed about their areas of responsibility.

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 DANGER FROM THE
MILITARY:
• The danger did not come from the native troops but
from the peninsulars or the worst soldiers.
• These peninsulars felt isolated and considered
themselves superior from the Indios and Mestizos.
• Although they are superior to the Indios and Mestizos
in the Philippines, their fellow peninsulars looked
down on them and refused to mingle with them.
• The mestizo and criollo “person born in Spain”
officers were the majority of the peninsulars were
constant enemies of Spain.

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 FOREIGNERS IN THE
PHILIPPINES:
• The foreigners in the Philippines were
notorious for several things.
• For example, the British consul who was
known for his rude behavior, lack of
refinement and a constant complainer. The sad
part was, he was put in his position more than
once by Alaminos.
• British and American’s controlled the trading
sector of the Philippines and was tax-free.

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 MALACAMPO:
• A Philippine governor who hoped for the
improvement of the colonial situation in the
Philippines and set up some important reforms.
• Malicious reports speak critically and damagingly to
his reputation but he still fought back both to save his
honor and to try to do something for the country.
Sadly, he failed.
• After three years, he was removed from his position.
• Because of this, only Rizal and his peers were left to
try to do something about their country’s welfare.

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 Reporters:

Melissa Mercado
Jae-an Teng
2ASN2

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 END…

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