STEPS FOR WRITING

Membuat tulisan dalam latar belakang penelitian:

MOVE 1: Establishing a Teriroty (Situation):
In this move, the researcher/author set the context for “research”,
providing necessary background on the topic. This move includes
one or more of the following steps:
Step 1: Claiming Centrality
Step 2 : Making Topic Generalizations
Step 3 : Reviewing previous items of research
MOVE 2 : Establishing a Niche (Problem): in this move, we give argue
that there is an open “niche” in the existing research, a space that
needs to be filled through additional research.
- Das sollen Vs Das Sein (ref Step 1)
- Unconcluded of the results for research previously (Ref Step 2)
The researcher/Author can establish a niche in one of 4 (four )ways:
1
 4 (four) a ways

 Tulisan memiliki gagasan original:

1. Counter-Claiming
2. Indicating a Cap
3. Question –Raising
4. Continuing a Tradition

2
 Move 1

 Step 1: Claiming Centrality

 The Researcher/Author ask the discourse

community (the audiens for the paper) to
accept that the research about to be
reported is part of a lively, significant, or
well –established research area. To claim
centrality the Researcher/Author might
write: “ Recently there has been a spate of
interest in……”. ” Knowledge of X has great
importance for……..
 Move 1

Step 2: Making Topic Generalization

The Researcher/Author make statements about current knowledge (Grand,

Middle, Application Theories), Practices, or phenomena in the field.
For Example: “The properties of X are still ? Completely understood.” “X is a
common finding in patients with…”
Clue Words that support instruction for generalizations: all, none, most, many,
always, everyone, never, sometimes, some, usually, seldom, few, generally, in
general, and overall.

4
MOVE 1

Step 3: Reviewing Previous Items of Research

The Researcher/Author relate what has been found on the

topic and who found it.
Example: “ Both Johnson and Morgan claim that the
biographical facts have been mis represented”.
“ Several studies have suggested that…… (Gordon, 2003;
Ratzinger, 2009).”
“Reading to children early and often seems to have a
positive long-term correlation with grades in englis
course (Jones, 2002; Strong, 2009)

5
MOVE 2
Establishing a Niche (Problem) :
1. Counter-Claiming

The Researcher/Author “refute or challenge earlier research” by

making a counter-claim. For Example: “While Jones and Riley
believe X method to be accurate , a close examination
demonstrates their method to be flawed.”

2. Indicating a Cap
The Researcher/Author “demonstrate that earlier research” does
not sufficiently address all existing questions or problem”. For
Example: “While existing studies have clearly established X,
they have not addressed Y”.

6
Move 2
3. Question-Raising
The Researcher/Author ask the questions about previous
research, suggesting that additional research needs to be
done.
For Example: “While Janes ang Morgan have establshed X,
these findings raise a number of questions, including……..?”.

4. Continuing a Tradition
The Researcher/Author present the research as a useful
extension of existing reseacrh.
For Example: “Earlier studies seemed to suggest X. To verify
this findind, more work is urgently needed.

7
ETIS
 Scott: Konsep NILAI (Values) :
KEWAJARAN (fairness), KEADILAN
(justice), KESEIMBANGAN (equity),
KEBENARAN (truth)

 MORAL : STANDAR ….Perilaku etikal

(jauh/dekat Moral) srs: Value
(Baik/Buruk)

8
Sosiologis
Dampak teori terhadap akibat sosial
….social welfare

9
Pengendalian perilaku indikator ekonomi
makro/Mikro , akibat praktik
Perekonomian
/manajemen/akuntansi.

Contoh: dampak perlakuan akuntansi ke

{Pajak) fiscal

10
Eklektif
Pendekatan gabungan daripada
pendekatan tunggal…

Pendekatan baru: Regulatory, perilaku,

peristiwa,prediksi, positif)

11
 GOOD RESEARCH

Input Process Output

-KINERJA

SISTEM RESEARCH

Copyrights @ Hekinus Manao 12

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