EMOTION &

INTELLIGENCE

ELMEIDA EFFENDY
D E PA RT M E N T O F P S Y C H I AT RY
FA C U LT Y O F M E D I C I N E - U S U 1
EMOTION

• Complex feeling state with psychic,

somatic and behavioral components that is
related to affect and mood

2
AFFECT

• Observed expression of emotion, possibly

inconsistent with patient’s description of
emotion

3
• Appropriate affect : condition in which the
emotional tone is in harmony with the
accompanying idea, thought or speech :
also further described as broad or full affect
in which a full range of emotions is
appropriately expressed

4
• Inappropriate affect : disharmony between the
emotional feeling tone and the idea, thought or speech
accompanying it

• Blunted affect : disturbance in affect manifested by

severe reduction in the intensity of externalized feeling
tone

• Restricted or constricted affect : reduction in intensity of

feeling tone, less severe than blunted affect but clearly
reduced 5
• Flat affect : absence or near absence of any
signs of affective expression : voice
monotonous, face immobile

• Labile affect : rapid and abrupt changes in

emotional feeling tone, unrelated to external
stimuli

6
MOOD

• Pervasive and sustained emotion

subjectively experienced and reported by a
patient and observed by others: examples
include depression, elation & anger

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• Dysphoric mood : an unpleasant mood

• Euthymic mood : normal range of mood,

implying absence of depressed or elevated
mood

• Expansive mood : a person’s of feelings

without restraint, frequently with
overestimation of their significance or
importance 8
• Depression : psychopathological feeling of
sadness

• Anhedonia : loss of interest in, & withdrawal

from, all regular & pleasurable activities, often
associated with depression

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OTHER EMOTION
• Anxiety : feeling of apprehension caused by
anticipation of danger, which may be
internal or external
• Free floating anxiety : pervasive, unfocused
fear not attached to any idea
• Fear : anxiety caused by consciously
recognized & realistic danger

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• Agitation : severe anxiety associated with
motor restlessness : similar to irritability
characterized by excessive excitability with
easily triggered anger or annoyance
• Tension : increased & unpleasant motor &
psychological activity
• Panic : acute, episodic, intense attack of
anxiety associated with overwhelming
feelings of dread & autonomic discharge
• Apathy : dulled emotional tone associated
with detachment or indifference
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• Ambivalence : coexistence of 2 opposing
impulses toward the same thing in the same
person at the same time
• Abreaction : emotional release or discharge
after recalling a painful experience
• Shame : failure to live up to self-expectations
• Guilt : emotion secondary to doing what is
perceived as wrong

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INTELLIGENCE
• Ability to assimilate factual knowledge, to
recall either recent or remote events, to
reason logically, to manipulate concepts
(either number or words), to translate the
abstract to the literal and the literal to the
abstract, to analyze & synthesize forms, &
to deal meaningfully & accurately with
problems & priorities deemed important in
a particular setting
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INTELLIGENCE TESTING

• 1905 : Alfred Binet introduced the concept

of the mental age (MA), which is the
average intellectual level of a particular
age

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• The intelligence quotient is the ratio of MA to CA (chronological age),
multiplied by 100 to eliminate the decimal point : it is represented by
the following equation

IQ = MA X 100
– CA

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CLASSIFICATION OF INTELLIGENCE BY IQ RANGE
• Profound mental retardation : below 20 or 25
• Severe mental retardation : 20-25 to 35-40
• Moderate mental retardation : 35-40 to 50-55
• Mild mental retardation : 50-55 to about 70
• Borderline : 70-79
• Dull normal : 80 to 90
• Normal : 90-110
• Bright normal : 110 to 120
• Superior : 120 to 130
• Very superior : 130 and above

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