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  • 1.3 Cousins of The Compiler

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    1.3 Cousins of the Compiler

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    60 views10 pages

    1.3 Cousins of The Compiler

    Uploaded by

    srinivasmekala

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 10

    Cousins of the

    Compiler
    Context of the Compiler
    • Several other programs are required to create
    executable target programs

    PREPROCESSOR

    Source Program

    COMPILER

    Target Assembly program

    ASSEMBLER

    Relocatable machine code

    LOADER / LINK EDITOR Absolute machine code


    Preprocessors
    • Collect Source program segments and also
    expands macros
    • Produce input to compilers
    – Macro processing
    – File inclusion – includes header files
    – Rational preprocessors
    • Augment older languages
    – Language Extensions
    • Adds capabilities to the language
    • Database access statements
    Preprocessors
    • Macro definition
    – Indicated by define
    – Name of macro and body – definition
    – Formal parameters
    • Macro Usage
    – Name and actual parameters
    Preprocessors

    • In TEX:
    \define <macro name> <template> { <body>}
    \define \JACM #1;#2;#3 {{\sl J.ACM}{\bf
    #1}:#2,pp.#3.}
    \JACM 17;4; 715-728
    J.ACM 17:4, pp.715-728.
    Assemblers
    • Compilers may produce assembly code or re
    locatable machine code
    • Assembly code uses mnemonics for opcodes and
    names for addresses
    • Example: Computes b = a+2

    MOV a, R1
    ADD #2, R1
    MOV R1, b
    Two pass Assembly
    • Makes 2 passes
    • First pass all identifiers denoting storage
    locations are found and stored in symbol
    table; addresses are also assigned
    IDENTIFIER ADDRESS
    a 0
    b 4
    Two pass Assembly
    • Second pass – scans input and translates
    operation code into bits
    • Output: Relocatable machine code
    – Can be loaded in any location
    – Load (0001) / Store (0010) / Add (0011)
    – Register
    – Tag (00 – Ordinary address mode / 10 – Immediate mode)
    – * - Relocation bit

    0001 01 00 00000000 *
    0011 01 10 00000010
    0010 01 00 00000100 *
    Loaders
    • Input: relocatable machine code
    – Alters addresses
    – Places into memory
    Link Editors

    • Creates a single program from several files


    of re locatable machine code and library
    routines
    • External References
    – External Symbol Directory

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