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Unit VI
Molecular Spectroscopy
5
Spectroscopy Introduction:
Interaction of EMR with matter
General terminologies in spectroscopy:
Spectrum:
A plot of the response as a function of wavelength or more commonly
frequency is referred to as a spectrum.
Spectrometry:
It is the measurement of these responses and an instrument which performs
such measurements is a spectrometer or spectrograph, although these terms
are more limited in use to the original field of optics from which the concept
sprang.
Spectroscopy is often used in physical and analytical chemistry for the
identification of substances through the spectrum emitted from or absorbed
by them. Spectroscopy is also heavily used in astronomy and remote sensing.
Most large telescopes have spectrometers, which are used either to measure
the chemical composition and physical properties of astronomical objects or
to measure their velocities from the Doppler Shift of their spectral lines.
According to the wave theory, light travels in the form of wave. It was believed that
radiant energy is emitted by fluctuation of electrical charge and magnetic field.
Like light, there are various forms of electromagnetic radiation such as Ultra-violet,
Infra-red, X-rays, Radio-waves etc.
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These are produced by the oscillation of electric charge and magnetic field residing on the atom . The
electric and magnetic components are mutually perpendicular to each other and are coplanar.
The energy carried by the an electromagnetic radiation is directly proportional to its frequency. The
emission or absorption of radiation is quantized and each quantum of radiation is called a photon.
All type of radiations travel with the same velocity and no medium is required for their propagation. They
can travel through vacuum.
When visible light (a group of electromagnetic radiation ) is passed through a prism, it is split up into seven
colors which correspond to define wavelength to definite wavelength. This phenomenon is called
dispersion.
Electromagnetic Waves
• Transverse waves without a medium!
• They can travel through empty space)