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MEDICAL TEXTILES
Raw materials Classifications Applications

Presented by

GOPALAKRISHNAN D

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 MEDICAL TEXTILES
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 Textile has always been a part of healthcare.

 “Medical Textiles”- textiles used for medical purposes
 Combination of Textile Technology and Medical
Sciences has resulted into MEDICAL TEXTILES.
 Medical Textiles are one of the faster growing sectors
of the global Technical Textile industry.
 Textile materials have a range of properties such as
flexibility, elasticity, strength, etc.
 Based on these properties research work has been
going on the application of the textiles in medical
field
 to apply these broad ranges of properties of textile
material in medical technology.
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 Requirements of Medical Textiles
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 Non-toxic
 Non-allergic
 Non-carcinogenic
 Antistatic in nature
 Optimum fatigue endurance
 Biocompatibility
 Flame proof
 Dyes must be fast and non-irritant

(if applicable)
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 Fibres in Medical field
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 Natural fibres
cotton,
wool and silk
 Synthetic fibres
polyester,
polyamide,
polytetrafluroethylene,
glass, carbon, polygalactin, polyglycolidelactide
polymer, etc.
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 CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICAL
TEXTILES
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 CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICAL
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TEXTILES

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 IMPLANTABLE MATERIALS
Applications Fabric Structure
Biodegradable sutures Monofilament, braided
Non-Biodegradable sutures Monofilament, braided
Artificial tendon Woven, braided
Artificial ligament Braided
Artificial cartilage
Artificial skin Nonwoven
Eye-contact lenses and
Artificial cornea
Artificial joints / bones
Vascular grafts Woven, knitted
7 Heart valves Woven, knitted
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 NON-IMPLANTABLE MATERIALS
Applications Fabric Structure
Wound-contact layer Woven, nonwoven, knitted
Base material Woven, nonwoven
Simple non-elastic and elastic Woven, nonwoven
bandages
High-support bandages Woven, nonwoven, knitted
Compression bandages Woven, nonwoven, knitted
Orthopaedic bandages Woven, knitted
Plasters Woven, nonwoven knitted
Gauze dressing Woven, nonwoven knitted
Lint Woven
Wadding Nonwoven
Scaffold Spunlaid, needle-punched
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 EXTRACORPOREAL
DEVICES
Applications Function
Artificial kidney Remove waste products from
patients' blood
Artificial liver Separate and dispose of
patients plasma and supply of
fresh plasma
Mechanical lung Remove carbon dioxide from
patients’ blood and supply
fresh oxygen
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 HEALTHCARE / HYGIENE PRODUCTS
Applications Fabric Structure
Surgical gowns Woven, nonwoven
Surgical caps Nonwoven
Surgical masks Nonwoven
Surgical drapes, cloths Woven, nonwoven
Surgical hosiery Knitted
Blankets Woven, knitted
Sheets, pillow cases Woven
Uniforms Woven
Protective clothing incontinence diaper/ Nonwoven
sheet, coverstock
Absorbent layer Nonwoven
Outer layer Nonwoven
Cloths/wipes Nonwoven
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 SURGICAL DRESSINGS
11 Other Surgical
Surgical Bandages Surgical Gauzes
Dressings
Crepe Bandage Absorbent Anklet
Rolled Bandage Gauze Eye Pad
POP Bandage Wound Care Knee Cap
Triangular Gauze
Bandage Paraffin Gauze
Orthopedic Wool
Bandage Dressing
Elastic Adhesive
Crepe
Bandage
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 SURGICAL DRESSING MATERIAL
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 Surgical dressing material is applied on the

wound to expedite the process of healing and
prevent further harm due to wound exposure. The
dressing material can be primarily divided as
 Wound care layer and
 Bandage

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 SURGICAL DRESSING MATERIAL
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The bandage products consist of:-

 Rolled Bandage

 Gauze bandage

 Elastic/Non-elastic bandage

 Light support bandage

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 SURGICAL DRESSING MATERIAL
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 Bandage holds the wound care layer in place.

Wound care products which are adhesive in
nature are also available in the market.
 The bandage can also be used on standalone basis
in case of orthopedic cases (e.g. crepe bandage).
 The type of dressing used varies based on the type
of wound and location of the wound.

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 SURGICAL DRESSING
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MATERIAL

The wound care products consist of:-

 Absorbent pad
 Non-adhering/dressing
 Adhering pads or adhesive plaster

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 SURGICAL SUTURES
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The surgical suture is used for stitching together

skin deformations, open wounds, organs and
blood vessels. The surgical sutures are classified
into two categories –

 Absorbable suture - These get dissolved in the

body and do not require removal
 Non-absorbable suture - These are sterilized
sutures which need to be removed after a specified
time

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 RAW-MATERIALS FOR SURGICAL
SUTURE
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 The surgical sutures are 100% technical textile

except for the needle portion.
 The raw material used for surgical suture
includes bovine intestine tissues, monofilament
nylon, monofilament polyethylene and silk.

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 Commercial Suture materials
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Braided Polyester
Multifilament nylon

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Polythetrafluoroethylene
 PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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 Sterilised (non-toxic)
 High tensile strength
 High knot security
 Flexible and smooth passage through tissues
 Good pliability
 Minimum tissue reaction

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 Adhesive Bandages
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 Compression bandages
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 Compression bandages are used to exert a
certain compression for the treatment and
prevention of deep vein thrombosis, leg
ulceration and varicose veins.
 Depending upon the compression they
provide, compression bandages are classified
as light, moderate, high and extra – high
compression bandages.
 They can be woven Warp or weft knitted
from cotton and electrometric yarns.
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 Compression bandages
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 ARTIFICIAL TENDON (MESH)
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 Artificial Tendons or meshes are used in hernia

repair and abdominal wall replacement, where
mechanical strength and fixation are very
important.
 The long term function of the mesh is optimised
by adjusting the porosity and the texture of the
mesh.

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 ARTIFICIAL JOINTS
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 The orthopedic joints are used for patients

suffering from arthritis and accidental damage
of joints.
 The joints are made such that they are
compatible with the human body.

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 ARTIFICIAL LIGAMENTS
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 An artificial ligament is medical device for

joining ends of two bones.
 The artificial ligaments are made from man-
made fibres like polyester. The usage of the
ligament varies based on type of operation.
 The artificial ligaments are generally subject to
lot of wear and tear. They also carry a risk of
septic arthritis.

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 ARTIFICIAL SKIN
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 Skin grafting is the procedure of replacing dead

skin with live skin.
 There are two primary methods of skin grafting
– Autologous skin graft and allograft transfers.
 The autologous skin graft transfers skin from
one part of the body to another. The allograft
transfers skin from the bodies of other people /
cadaver.

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 ARTIFICIAL VASCULAR
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GRAFTS
 Vascular diseases are characterised by
variations to the geometry and structure of the
walls of the blood vessels.
 Variations in the mechanical characteristics of
the vessels result in multiple complications like
Thrombosis, Aneurysm and Arteriosclerosis.

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 Different types of grafts
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 Teflon woven graft

 Dacron woven graft
 Polyester knitting graft
 Polyester woven graft
 Dacron knitting graft

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 Teflon woven graft
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 large-diameter woven Dacron and

microporous Teflon (Gore-Tex)
vascular grafts (>5-6mm)
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 Polyester knitting graft
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A polyester vascular graft used in blood-vessel

surgery

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 Polyester woven graft
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Blue blooded: This vascular graft of woven,

crimped polyester with bovine collagen is used
in aortic surgery.

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 ARTIFICIAL LUNG
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 Totally artificial lungs are not completely

commercial. However, heart-lung machines are
available in the market.
 The artificial lung device is connected to the
heart‘s right ventricle. It relies on the heart—not
a mechanical pump—to send blood through the
lung, where it receives oxygen (and offloads
carbon dioxide) as it flows through the arrays of
microfibers or membrane oxygenators.

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 Artificial Kidney
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 Tiny instrument, about the size of a two – cell

flashlight.
 Made with hollow hair sized cellulose fibres or hollow
polyester fibre slightly latest than capillary vessels.
 Fabric which is used to remove waste products from
patient’s blood

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 ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY / DIALYSERS
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 Kidney serves the filtering mechanism of the

blood. The kidney has a mechanical substitute in
kidney dialysis machine.
 The kidney dialysis machine is outside the body
and purifies the blood using a filter called the
haemodialysor.
 The haemodialysor is made primarily of
polysulphone and polyacetate.

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 Artificial Kidney
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 Artificial Kidney
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 Artificial Liver
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 Made with hollow viscose to separate and

dispose patient’s plasma and supply fresh
plasma.
 In this system, patient's blood or plasma is
pumped into bioreactors, which are hollow fibre
devices, seeded on the dialysate side with freshly
isolated or cryopreserved porcine hepatocytes or
transformed human hepatoma cell line.

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 Artificial Liver
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(1)Blood is pumped to
and from the
artificial liver
(2)plasma Separator
(3)Artificial Liver
(4)Additional Pump
(5)Red Blood Cells
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 ARTIFICIAL HEART
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 In India, about 20 million patients suffer from

heart failure every year.
 The number of heart failures is increasing by two
million annually. About 20% of these patients die
without medical-aid.
 The artificial heart is intended for use in patients
whose hearts have been irreparably damaged left
and/or right ventricles, and for whom, existing
methods of surgical intervention and/or drug
therapy are inadequate.

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 ARTIFICIAL HEART VALVES
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 Artificial heart valves are implanted in the heart

of the patients who need treatment for valve
related diseases.
 The natural heart valve needs a replacement
when two or more valves stop functioning
properly.
 Generally an open heart surgery is performed to
replace the valve.

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 Artificial Heart
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 An 8 – ounce plastic pump lined to reduce damage

to blood and is a chambered apparatus about the
size of a human heart.
 Silastic backing makes the fabric imperious to
emerging gas that is not desirable in the blood.

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 Artificial Heart
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 At final.,
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 With advent of new technologies, the wake of
health and hygiene can be fulfilled without
compromising the issues related to safety, human
health and environment.
 The consumers are now increasingly aware of the
hygienic life style and there is a necessity and
expectation for a wide range of textile products
finished with required properties.
 This kind of value adding for textile is the need of
the hour.

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Thank you

Queries ????????????

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