eleventh edition

organizational behavior

stephen p. robbins
 Chapter
Chapter 22

Diversity in
Organizations

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
S T E P H E N P. R O B B I N S
E L E V E N T H E D I T I O N
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Charlie Cook
Cook
 After
After studying
studying this
this chapter,
OBJECTIVES
chapter,
you
you should
should be
be able
able to:
to:
1. Define the key biographical characteristics.
2. Identify two types of ability.
LEARNING

3. Shape the behavior of others.

4. Distinguish between the four schedules of
reinforcement.
5. Clarify the role of punishment in learning.
6. Practice self-management

© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 2–3

 Demographic
Demographic characteristics
characteristics of
of the
the workforce:
workforce:

Age , race, gender, ethnicity, religion and disability

status etc.
 Diversity:
– Surface level
– Deep level

 Discrimination
– Fair
– Unfair

© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 2–4

 Biographical
Biographical Characteristics
Characteristics
Biographical Characteristics
Personal characteristics—such as age, gender, disability,
length of tenure and marital status—that are objective and
easily obtained from personnel records.

 Age
Gender
Disability
Tenure
Religion

© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 2–5

 Ability,
Ability, Intellect,
Intellect, and
and Intelligence
Intelligence

Ability
An individual’s capacity to perform
the various tasks in a job.

Intellectual Ability
The capacity to do mental activities.

Multiple Intelligences
Intelligence contains four subparts:
cognitive, social, emotional, and cultural.

© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 2–6

 Dimensions
Dimensions of of
Intellectual
Intellectual Ability
Ability

••Number
Numberaptitude
aptitude
••Verbal
Verbalcomprehension
comprehension
••Perceptual
Perceptualspeed
speed
••Inductive
Inductivereasoning
reasoning
••Deductive
Deductivereasoning
reasoning
••Spatial
Spatialvisualization
visualization
••Memory
Memory
E X H I B I T 2–1
E X H I B I T 2–1

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 Physical
Physical Abilities
Abilities

Physical Abilities
The capacity to do tasks
demanding stamina, dexterity,
strength, and similar
characteristics.

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 Nine
Nine Physical
Physical Abilities
Abilities

Strength
StrengthFactors
Factors
1.1.Dynamic
Dynamicstrength
strength
2.2.Trunk
Trunkstrength
strength
3.3.Static
Staticstrength
strength
4.4.Explosive
Explosivestrength
strength Flexibility
FlexibilityFactors
Factors
5.5.Extent
Extentflexibility
flexibility
6.6.Dynamic
Dynamicflexibility
flexibility
Other
OtherFactors
Factors
7.7.Body
Bodycoordination
coordination
Source: Adapted from
8.8.Balance
Balance
HRMagazine published
by the Society for Human
Resource Management,
9.9.Stamina
Stamina
Alexandria, VA.

E X H I B I T 2–2
E X H I B I T 2–2

© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 2–9

 The
The Ability-Job
Ability-Job Fit
Fit

Ability-Job
Employee’s Fit Job’s Ability
Abilities Requirements

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 Implementing
Implementing Diversity
Diversity

“The process and programs by which managers

make everyone more aware and sensitive to the
needs and differences of others”

 Attracting, Selecting, Developing, and Retaining Diverse

Employees
 Diversity In Groups
 Effective Diversity Programs
– Legal Implications like EEO
– Diverse workforce better serves a diverse market
– Diversity fosters new and unique ideas
– Cater to unfair diversity/ underutilization
– Top management diversity should be emphasized
© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 2–11