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REMAT ULLAH
“Conformance to requirements”
The notation used in a formal method is called a formal
specification language or 'notation‘.
The language is 'formal' in that it has a formal semantics and
consequently can be used to express specifications in a clear
and unambiguous manner.
Programming languages are formal
languages?
• Correctness
• Completeness
• Unambiguous (one interpretation)
• Precision (unnecessary detail suppressed)
• Verifiable and traceable
• Independent from design
• Consistent (no conflicting features)
• Concise (lack of noise, irrelevant features)
Z schema
Z schema Inclusion
Z schema Inclusion
Global Defination
Universal Quantification
(∀x : T •A)
This is true when A holds for all values x of type T. Here x is a said to be a
quantified or bound variable.
Existential Quantification
(∃x : T •A)
Relations
Phone Directory Specification
Add Number
Get & Remove Entry
Combining Schemas