Data Structures and Algorithms

CSCP-2034

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Todays Agenda
•Introduction of Course
•What is Data Structure ?
•Importance of Data Structure
•What is an Algorithm?
•Importance of the Algorithm

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Course Objectives
•To introduce the students to basic data structures and their
associated algorithms.
•To develop the skills to analyze time and space requirements for a
data structure and its associated algorithms.
•To implementing data structures in C++
•To determine, which data structures are appropriate in various
situations.

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Course Contents
•Arrays
•Lists and Linked Lists
•Stacks
•Queues
•Recursion
• Tree Data Structure
•Heap
•Graph
•Hashing
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Data Structure
•A data structure is a particular way of storing and organizing data in
a computer so that it can be used efficiently.
•Data structures determine the way in which information can be
stored in computer and used

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Algorithm
•Any computing problem can be solved by executing a series of
actions in a specific order, that is called algorithm
•Algorithm is a well-defined computational function or procedure
that take some value or set of values as an input and produces some
value or set of value as an output

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Algorithm Writing..
•It should be language independent
•Algorithm can be written in any manner unless they provide the
solution of a problem
•Two styles are normally used
◦ Pseudo-code
◦ Flow Chart

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Example: Determine Whether A
Student Passed the Exam or Not
Algorithm (Pseudo-code Example)
Step 1: Input grades of 4 courses M1, M2, M3 and M4,
Step 2: Calculate the average grade with formula "Grade=(M1+M2+M3+M4)/4"
Step 3: If the average grade is less than 60, print "FAIL", else print "PASS".

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Flow Chart Example

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Algorithm History
•First used by Abu Ja’far Muhammed Ibn Musa al-Khowarizmi (780-850)
•Original word “algorism” , This word evolved into the word of Algorithm in
eighteen century
•He give the concept of “zero”
•Western Europe first learned Algebra from him
•Algebra comes from al-jabr, part of title of his book kitab al-jabr w’al muquabala

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Recommended Books
1. Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis by Clifford A. Shaffer (Latest
Edition)
2. Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++ by Mark Allen Weiss
(Latest Edition)

Reference Book
Introduction to Algorithms by Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson,
Ronald L. Rivest and Clifford Stein, (Latest Edition), MIT Press

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