REPRESENTING AND

INTERPRETING DATA
HISTOGRAMS
CONTINUOUS DATA WITH
UNEQUAL CLASS WIDTHS
QUARTILES FOR SMALL DATA
SETS
INTERQUARTILE RANGE/
QUARTILE SPREAD
OUTLIERS
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY
CURVES
REPRESENTING & Class
Score f f density
INTERPRETING 7.5 ≤ x < 11.5 5
width
4 1.25
DATA 11.5 ≤ x < 13.5 6 2 3
13.5 ≤ x < 15.5 4 2 2
HISTOGRAMS 15.5 ≤ x < 17.5 7 2 3.5
17.5 ≤ x < 19.5 8 2 4
CONTINUOUS DATA WITH
UNEQUAL CLASS WIDTHS
QUARTILES FOR SMALL DATA When the class widths are unequal you can use :
SETS
INTERQUARTILE RANGE/
QUARTILE SPREAD
OUTLIERS
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY
CURVES
REPRESENTING &
INTERPRETING The value of data has three
quartiles :
DATA •Lower quartile (Q1)
•Media (Q2)
•Upper quartile (Q3)
HISTOGRAMS
CONTINUOUS DATA WITH
1 3 6 10 15 21 28 36 45
UNEQUAL CLASS WIDTHS
QUARTILES FOR SMALL DATA
SETS
INTERQUARTILE RANGE/
QUARTILE SPREAD
OUTLIERS
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY
CURVES
REPRESENTING &
Interquartile range (IQR)
INTERPRETING or quartile spread is the
difference between the
DATA lower and upper quartiles.

HISTOGRAMS
CONTINUOUS DATA WITH
UNEQUAL CLASS WIDTHS
QUARTILES FOR SMALL DATA 1 3 6 10 15 21 28 36 45
SETS
INTERQUARTILE RANGE/
QUARTILE SPREAD
OUTLIERS
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY
CURVES
REPRESENTING &
INTERPRETING
DATA
HISTOGRAMS Class
Score f fk
CONTINUOUS DATA WITH width
UNEQUAL CLASS WIDTHS 7.5 ≤ x < 11.5 5 4 5
QUARTILES FOR SMALL DATA 11.5 ≤ x < 13.5 6 2 11
SETS 13.5 ≤ x < 15.5 4 2 15
INTERQUARTILE RANGE/ 15.5 ≤ x < 17.5 7 2 22
QUARTILE SPREAD 17.5 ≤ x < 19.5 8 2 30
OUTLIERS
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY
CURVES
REPRESENTING &
INTERPRETING
Data which are more than 1.5 x IQR
DATA beyond the lower or upper quartiles
are regarded as outliers.
The corresponding boundary values
HISTOGRAMS beyond which outliers may be found
are :
CONTINUOUS DATA WITH
UNEQUAL CLASS WIDTHS
QUARTILES FOR SMALL DATA and
SETS
INTERQUARTILE RANGE/
QUARTILE SPREAD
OUTLIERS
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY
CURVES
REPRESENTING &
INTERPRETING
DATA
HISTOGRAMS
CONTINUOUS DATA WITH
UNEQUAL CLASS WIDTHS
QUARTILES FOR SMALL DATA
SETS
INTERQUARTILE RANGE/
QUARTILE SPREAD
OUTLIERS
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY
CURVES
PRACTICE BOOK
Pg. 3 - 6