Kelompok 8

Aderenaldi
Vharadilla simin
Nila janu iryanti
Miftah falak tuheply
Renol huwae
Godlief umhersuny
Rohany mahulette
 REFEREN
SI
1. Purcell, Edwin J, “Kalkulus da n Geometri
Analitik Jilid 2”, Penerbit Erlangga, 1999.
2. Anton, Howard, “Calculus with Analytic
Geometry”, John Wiley & Sons, New
York, 1988 .
3. Swokowski, Earl W,”Calculus with Analytic
Geometry”, Boston. Murray R
Spiegel,”Advanced Calculus”, Schaum’s
Outline Series, Singapore, 1981.
Nilai Maksimum dan 29
Minimum
dengan Kendala
Contoh 7:
Carilah titik P(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧) p a d a 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 − 5 = 0 yang paling dekat
d e n g a n titik pusat
Jawaban:
Jarak P(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧) d e n g a n titik Pusat O(0,0,0)
𝑂𝑃 = (𝑥 − 0)6+(𝑦 − 0)6+(𝑧 − 0)6= 𝑥 6 + 𝑦 6 + 𝑧 6
Meminimumkan O P sama d e n g a n meminimumkan 𝑂𝑃6 = 𝑥 6 + 𝑦 6 +
𝑧6
Syaratnya 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 − 5 = 0 → 𝑧 = 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5
𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑥 6 + 𝑦 6 + 𝑧 6
𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥 6 + 𝑦 6 + (2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5 )6
𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥 6 + 𝑦 6 + (2𝑥 + 𝑦 )6+2 2𝑥 + 𝑦 −5 + 25
𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥 6 + 𝑦 6 + 4𝑥 6 + 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 6 − 10𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 25
𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 5𝑥 6 + 2𝑦 6 + 4𝑥𝑦 − 20𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 25
 30

𝑓 𝑥 , 𝑦 = 5𝑥 6 + 2𝑦 6 + 4𝑥𝑦 − 20𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 25

𝑓𝑥= 0
10𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 20 = 0 → 10𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 20 (1)
𝑓𝑦 = 0
4𝑦 + 4𝑥 − 10 = 0 → 4𝑦 + 4𝑥 = 10 → 4𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 10 (2)
D ari (1) d a n (2)
10𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 20
4𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 10 –
KL W
6𝑥 = 10 → 𝑥 = =
V E

5 − 2𝑥 5 − 2 5 5 − 10 5
4𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 10 → 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 5 → 𝑦 = 2 +35=−5302 3 −5
=32= 6
2 = 20
5 5 5 =
𝑧 = 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5 = 2 10
3 +6 −5= + −5= 3 6 6 6
Nilai Maksimum dan 31
Minimum
dengan Kendala
C o nto h 8:
Carilah titik p a d a silinder hiperbolic 𝑥 6 − 𝑧 6 − 1 = 0 yang
paling d e ka t d e ng a n titik pu sa t
Jawaban:
Ja ra k P(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧) d e ng a n titik Pusa t O (0,0,0)
𝑂𝑃 = (𝑥 − 0)6+(𝑦 − 0)6+(𝑧 − 0)6 = 𝑥 6 + 𝑦 6 + 𝑧 6
M em inim um ka n O P sa m a d e ng a n m e minim umka n 𝑂𝑃 6 = 𝑥 6
+
𝑦6 + 𝑧6
Syaratnya 𝑥 6 − 𝑧 6 − 1 = 0 → 𝑧 6 = 𝑥 6 − 1
𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑥 6 + 𝑦 6 + 𝑧 6
𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥 6 + 𝑦 6 + 𝑥 6 − 1 = 2𝑥 6 + 𝑦 6 − 1
 32

𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 2𝑥 6 + 𝑦 6 − 1
𝑓𝑥= 0
4𝑥 = 0 → 𝑥 = 0 (1)
𝑓𝑦= 0
2𝑦 = 0 → 𝑦 = 0 (2)
(1) d a n (2) disub stitusika n ke 𝑧 6 = 𝑥 6 − 1
𝑥 = 0 → 𝑧 6 = 0 − 1 = −1 →tid a k m e m e nuhi
 33

Syaratnya 𝑥 6 − 𝑧 6 − 1 = 0 → 𝑥 6 = 𝑧 6 + 1
𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑥 6 + 𝑦 6 + 𝑧 6
𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑧 6 + 1 + 𝑦 6 + 𝑧 6 = 𝑦 6 + 2𝑧 6 + 1
𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑦 6 + 2𝑧 6 + 1
𝑓𝑦= 0
2𝑦 = 0 → 𝑦 = 0 (3)
𝑓𝑧= 0
4𝑧 = 0 → 𝑧 = 0 (4)
(3) d a n (4) disub stitusika n ke 𝑥 6 = 𝑧 6 +
1
𝑧 = 0 → 𝑥 6 = 0 + 1 = 1 → 𝑥 = ±1
(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (1,0,0), (−1,0,0)
 34
Pengali Lagrange

▶ M e ne ntukan nila i m a ksim um a ta u m inim um

d a ri fungsi 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) d e n g a n kendala 𝑔 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧
= 𝑘.
▶ Kasus 1 Kendala :
a). Tentukan titik (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) ∈ 𝐷 sehingga
𝑂𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) =
𝜆 𝑂𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) d an 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑘.
b). Hitung nilai fungsi f di semua titik (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) dari
(a).
Terbesar → nilai maksimum f, Terkecil →
nilai minim um f
▶ Cata tan :
𝑂𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝜆 𝑂𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) d an 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑘
 35

C o nto h
9:
𝑥\ 𝑦\
Carilah nilai terbesar da n nilai terkecil dari fungsi 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦 p a d a elips] +
6
1
=
Jawaban:
𝑥\ 𝑦\
Optimasi 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦 d e ng a n kendala ] +6 −1=
0 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝜆❑𝑔 𝑥, 𝑦
❑
𝑥6 𝑦6
❑ 𝑥𝑦 = 𝜆❑ + −1
8 2

𝑓𝑥 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑥= 𝜆𝑔𝑥 𝑥, 𝑦
𝑦=𝜆 4𝑦
4 → 𝜆 = 𝑥 (1)
𝑓𝑦 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝜆𝑔𝑦
𝑥
𝑥, 𝑦
𝑥 = 𝜆 y → 𝜆 = (2)
𝑦
 36

Dari (1) da n 2
𝜆=𝜆
4𝑦 𝑥
=
𝑥
𝑦
6
4𝑦
(3) 6disub stitusi ke kend a la
𝑥 \
+6
𝑦\
−1=
]
=
4𝑦𝑥6 6 𝑦 6
0
→ 𝑥+ −1 =0
8 Titik 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦
=6 2
𝑦 𝑦 6 Kritis
4𝑦6+ (3)
2 2
= (2,1) 2 Nilai terbesar
1 (2,-1) -2 Nilai terkecil
𝑦 = ±1
𝑦 6==11→ 𝑥 6 = 4 → 𝑥 = ±2 (-2,1) -2 Nilai terkecil
𝑦 = −1 → 𝑥 6 = 4 → 𝑥 = ±2 (-2,-1) 2 Nilai terbesar
 37

C o nto h 10:
Carilah nilai maksimum d an minimum dari fungsi 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 3𝑥
+ 4𝑦 p a d a elips 𝑥 6+𝑦 6 = 1
Jawaban:
O ptim a si 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 d e ng a n ke nd a la 𝑥 6 +𝑦 6 = 1
❑𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝜆❑𝑔 𝑥, 𝑦
❑ 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 𝜆❑ 𝑥6+𝑦6 − 1
𝑓𝑥 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝜆𝑔𝑥 𝑥, 𝑦
3
3 = 𝜆 2𝑥 → 𝜆 = 2𝑥 (1)
𝑓𝑦 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝜆𝑔𝑦
4
𝑥, 𝑦
4 = 𝜆 2y → 𝜆 = = 2 (2)
2𝑦
𝑦
 38

Dari (1) d a n 2
𝜆 = 𝜆
3 2
=
2𝑥
𝑦
4𝑥
3𝑦 = 4𝑥 → 𝑦 = 3 (3)

(3) disubstitusi ke k end a la 𝑥6

+𝑦6 =4𝑥1
𝑥6 +( 3 )6= 1

𝑥6 + 9
16 𝑥6
= 1 Titik 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 3𝑥 +
9𝑥6 + 16𝑥 6 Kritis 4𝑦
9 = 1
25𝑥 6
=1 (E, _) 5 Nilai terbesar
9
W
25𝑥 6 = 9 W
(− E, − _) -5 Nilai terkecil
9 3
𝑥6 = 25 → 𝑥 = ± 5
3 43 4 W
𝑥= →𝑦= =
5 3 3 54 5 3 4
𝑥 =− → 𝑦 = − =− W
5 3 5
5
Nilai Maksimum dan 39
Minimum
dengan Kendala
C o nto h 11:
Kerjakan contoh 7 d e n g a n menerapkan me to d e
pengali lagrange
Jawaban:
Minimisasi 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑥 6 + 𝑦 6 + 𝑧 6 d e n g a n kendala 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧
− 5=0
❑𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝜆❑𝑔 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧
❑ 𝑥 6 + 𝑦 6 + 𝑧 6 = 𝜆❑ 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 − 5
𝑓𝑥 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝜆𝑔𝑥 𝑥, 𝑦
2𝑥 = 𝜆 2 → 𝜆 = 𝑥 (1)
𝑓𝑦 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝜆𝑔𝑦 𝑥, 𝑦
2𝑦 = 𝜆 1 → 𝜆 = 2𝑦 (2)
𝑓𝑧 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝜆𝑔𝑧 𝑥, 𝑦
2𝑧 = 𝜆 −1 → 𝜆 = −2𝑧 (3)
 40

Dari (1) d a n 2
𝜆=𝜆
𝑥 = 2𝑦 (4)
Dari (2) d a n 3
𝜆=𝜆
2𝑦 = −2𝑧
𝑦 = −𝑧 → 𝑧 = −𝑦 (5)
(4) d a n (5) disubstitusi ke k en d al a 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 − 5 = 0
2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 − 5 = 0
2(2𝑦) + 𝑦 − (−𝑦) − 5 = 0
4𝑦 + 𝑦 + 𝑦 − 5 = 0
6𝑦 = 5
5
𝑦= 6
𝑥 = 2𝑦 = 5 = 5
6 3
2
𝑧 = −𝑦 = − 5 = −5
6 6

𝑥, 𝑦 , 𝑧 = (EW ,V W,V –
W
)