TOPIC:-) 

                                       
TOPOLOGIES

    
PRESENTED BY:-
SYEDA AFSHEEN ZOHRA

AMNA AMEEN
BUS TOPOLOGY:
• In bus topology , all computers or network nodes are
connected to a common communication medium .
This medium is often a central wire known as bus. The
terminators are used at the end of a bus to
absorb signals .A collision can occur in bus topology if
two computers.
 ADVANTAGES:
 • It  is simple and easy to use.
• It requires small length of cable to connect computers.
• It is less expensive.
• It is easy to extend a bus .It allows more computers to join the
network.
• If one node fails ,it does not affect the rest of the network.
DISADVANTAGE:
• It is difficult to troubleshoot.
• It only supports small number of computers.
• If number of computer increases, network speed will slow down.
STAR TOPOLOGY:
• All computers in star
topology are connected
with the central device
called hub .Star topology is
mostly used in clients-
server networks.
ADVANTAGES:
 • It  is easy to maintain and modify the network.
• Adding or removing computers can be done without disturbing the
network.
• Finding the faults becomes very simple.
• Single computer failure does not bring down the whole network.
• It is more flexible among the remaining topology.
DISADVANTAGES:
• The entire network breaks down if the central hub fails.
• It requires a large length of cable to connect computers.
• It is more expensive.
RING TOPOLOGY:
• In ring topology ,each computer is connected to the next
computer with the last one connected to the first. Thus , a
ring of computers is formed.
ADVANTAGES:
• It is  less
    expensive
  than star topology.
• Every computer has equal access to the network.
DISADVANTAGES:
• The failure of one computer in the ring can affect the whole
network.
• It is difficult to troubleshoot.
• Adding or removing computers affect the whole network.
TREE TOPOLOGY:
A tree topology combines the
characteristics of bus and star
topologies.It consists of different
groups of computers attached in
star topology .The groups are
then connected to a bus
backbone cable. Tree topology is
used for the expansion of an
existing network.
ADVANTAGES:
 •   It  provides point-to-point wiring for individual segment.
• It is supported by several hardware and software vendors.
ADVANTAGES:
• Overall length of each segment is limited by the type of cabling
used.
• If the backbone line breaks ,the entire segment goes down.
• It is more difficult to configure and wire than other topologies.
MESH TOPOLOGY:
In a mesh topology,every device in the
network is physically connected to every
other device in the network.A message
can be sent on different possible paths
from source  to destination.Mesh
topology provides improved performance
and reliability.Mesh networks are not
used much in local area networks . It is
mostly used in wide area networks.
ADVANTAGES:
•   The
    use of dedicated link guarantees that each connection can carry its
own data load. It eliminates the traffic problem.
• If one link becomes unusable ,it does not harm the harm the entire
system.
• It is easy to troubleshoot.
DISADVANTAGES:
• A full mesh network can be very expensive.
• It is difficult to install and reconfigure.