Introduction

 What is a Chemical Hazard?

 Answer: Any chemical that can cause illness, injury,

or an emergency.

 Chemical Hazards
 Physical
 Health
Chemical Hazards
Chemical Hazards
 Pyrophoric
 Flammable Chemicals
 Combustible Chemicals
 Oxidizers
 Corrosive
 OHSA’s Haz-Com Standard
OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard is designed to protect
employees from hazardous chemicals used or stored in the work
setting.
Also referred to as the "Right-To-Know Law" Law, the Hazard
Communication Standard requires that information and
training (i.e.,hazcom training) be provided to any employees
who have the potential of being exposed to a hazardous chemical
“under normal condition of use or in a foreseeable emergency.”
Such hazcom training requires the presence of hazardous
chemicals be communicated to employees in a variety of ways,
including:
 Purpose
 The purpose of the standard is to
make sure that the hazards of
chemicals are evaluated
 That information concerning their
hazards is communicated to
employers and employees
 Who is covered
OSHA’s Hazard Communication
(HazCom) standard applies to general
industry, shipyard, marine terminals,
longshoring, and construction employment
and covers chemical manufacturers,
importers, employers, and employees
exposed to chemical hazards.
Horizontal
HazCom Requirements
 The hazardous chemical inventory
 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
 Labels, tags or signs
 The written Hazard Communication program
Hazard Communication
Why?
 Reduce workplace injury and illness
 Regulation promulgated by OSHA
 Program must include:
 Hazard determination methods
 Chemical inventory
 Chemical labeling procedures
 Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
 Employee training
 Written HazCom program

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Hazardous Chemicals
What are the hazards associated with
chemicals?
Physical Hazards Health Hazards

Flammable/Combustible Carcinogens
Organic-metals Irritants
Explosives Mutagens
Corrosives Teratogens
Cryogenics Sensitizers
Compressed Gases Cryogenics
Highly Toxic

Target Organ
Chemicals

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Routes of Entry or Exposure
How do chemicals attack the body?

Skin and or Eye Contact

Absorbed through skin or dissolve in eye fluids

Inhalation
 Absorbed by breathing vapors, fumes, dust

Ingestion
 Usually done accidentally

 Clear chemicals confused with drinking water

 Chemicals splashed in mouth

Injection
 Needles, pipette tips, cannulas

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 Detecting Exposure
How do we know if we are
exposed?

 Smell
 Taste
 Physical symptoms
 Changes in behavior
 Air sampling
 If you are unsure how to detect:
 Check Safety Data Sheet
 Contact Safety & Risk Services

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 Exposure Response
How will we respond to chemical exposure?

 Depends on many factors

 Idenity of chemical
 Concentration
 Length of exposure
 How exposed or route of exposure
 Other:
 Age/Gender/Weight
 Level of fitness
 Level of exertion
 Specific allergies
 Other chemicals in body (drugs, tobacco)
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 Reducing Exposure
How can we reduce employee exposure?

 Identify hazard
 Evaluate hazard
 Eliminate hazard
 Substitution
 Process
change
 Control hazard
 Personal
Protective
Equipment
 Employee
work
practices 15
 Training Tips: HazCom

What do I teach employees?

 Training should be specific to area

 Often called “Area Specific”
 Employees should know about:
 What chemicals are in area

 Where chemicals are located

 Hazard determination methods

 Location of inventory & SDS’s

 How to read SDS

 How to read labels

 What personal protective equipment to use

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 Responsibilities: HazCom
What are my responsibilities for HazCom?

 Documents are in order:

 Hazard Communication (HazCom) program available
 Current chemical inventory

 All chemicals have SDS and are available at all times

 Coordinate HazCom training for employees

 Record training and maintain on file

 Be sure all chemical containers have chemical labels

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 Background
The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) is based on a
simple concept--that employees have both a need and a
right to know the hazards and identities of the chemicals
they are exposed to when working
 Background
 They also need to know what protective measures are
available to prevent adverse effects from occurring
 The HCS is designed to provide employees with the
information they need

MSDS
 Employers
 Employers are required to provide information to their
employees about the hazardous chemicals to which
they are exposed using:
 A hazard communication program
 labels and other forms of warnings
 material safety data sheets (MSDS)
 information and training
 Warehouse and Retail Operations
 In work operations where employees only handle
chemicals in sealed containers, which are not
opened under normal conditions
 Employers must only do the following:
 Ensure labels on incoming chemicals
are not
defaced or removed
 Maintain copies of any material safety data sheets that are
received with incoming shipments
 Obtain MSDS a.s.a.p. for shipments received w/out MSDS
 Warehouse and Retail Operations
Provide employees with information and training (no written
program required) to the extent necessary to protect them
in the event of a spill or leak of a hazardous chemical from
a sealed container
 Labeling Exemptions
 Other federal agencies control the labeling requirements
for the following substances:
 Pesticides
 Chemicals covered under the Toxic Substance Control Act
 Foods or food additives
 Distilled Spirits, tobacco
 Consumer products, lumber, cosmetics
 Hazardous wastes
 Employer Requirements-
Written Program
 Employers must develop a written program that covers at
least:
 Labels and other forms of warnings
 Material Safety Data Sheets
 Employee Information and Training
 Employer Requirements-
Written Program
 Employers must develop a written program that covers at
least:
 A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be present at the
facility along with MSDS’s for each chemical
 The methods the employer will use to inform
employees of the hazards non-routine tasks
 The hazards of chemicals in
unlabeled pipes
 Multi-Employer Workplaces
 If employees of other employers could be exposed to
hazardous chemicals the program must include:
 Methods to provide contractor employees with on-site access
to MSDS for each chemical those workers may be exposed
to
 The methods used to inform other employers of any
precautionary measures to be taken for normal and
emergency situations
 The employers chemical labeling system
 Consumer Products Exemption
 Any consumer product as defined in the Consumer Product
Safety Act where the employer can show that:
 It is used in the workplace for the purpose intended
 The use results in a duration and frequency of exposure
which is not greater than the range of exposures that could
reasonably be experienced by consumers when used for the
purpose intended
 Written Program Availability
The employer must make the written program available,
upon request, to:
Employees and their designated representatives

Where work is carried out at more than one location, the

program may be kept at the main location
 Labels, Tags and Markings
 The employer must ensure that each container of
hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled,
tagged or marked with the following:
 Identity of the hazardous chemical
 Appropriate hazard warnings
 This above labeling information is required of the
manufacturer so the employer must ensure that
the original labels from the manufacturer are on all
containers and remain legible
 Chemical Labels
What must be on a chemical label?

 All chemical containers must have labels

 Manufacturer label usually appropriate
 Label must include but not limited to:
 Name of chemical
 Name and address of manufacturer

 Hazards associated with chemical

 Many types of labels are commercially available

 May use “homemade” label (chemical identity & hazards)
 Use of hazard ratings on labels

 https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3636.pdf

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Example: Chemical
Label

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Container Labeling Exemption for Portable Containers
The employer is not required to label portable containers
into which hazardous chemicals are transferred from
labeled containers, and which are intended only for the
immediate use by the employee who performs the
transfer
The employer need not affix new labels to
comply with the standard if existing labels
already covey the required information
 Employee Training
 Employee training shall include at least:
 The means to detect the presence or release of a hazardous
chemical in the work area
 The physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work
area
 Measures employees can take to protect themselves
 Details of the employers specific program
Health Hazards
 Category A-Biological Agents
 Category B-Physical Agents
 Category C-Chemical Agents

Chemical Agents-This Discussion

 Chemical Health Effects
 Irritants: Inflame skin tissue on contact.
 Corrosives: Destroy skin tissue at point
of contact.
 Sensitizers: Cause allergic reactions.
 Target-Organ Chemicals: Damage specific
body organs and systems.
 Reproductive Hazards: Change genetic
information in egg or sperm cells
and/or damage fetus after conception.
 Carcinogens: Cause cancer.
 Health
 Sensitizers

Hazards
Target-Organ Chemicals
 Reproductive Hazards
 Carcinogens
Health Hazards
 Irritants
 Corrosives
 Corrosive
 Visible destruction, or irreversible damage to body tissue
 Acids
 Caustics (or bases)

Caustics
Acids pH Scale (or bases)

1 7 14
 Hepatotoxins
 Chemicals which produce liver damage
 Signs and Symptoms: Jaundice, liver enlargement
 Chemicals: Carbon Tetrachloride, nitrosamines
 Nephrotoxins
 Chemicals which produce
kidney damage
 Signs and Symptoms:
Edema
 Chemicals: Halogenated
Hydrocarbons, uranium
Neurotoxins
 Chemicals which produce their
primary toxic effects on the
nervous system
 Signs and Symptoms: Narcosis,
behavioral changes,
decreased motor function
 Chemicals: Mercury, carbon
disulfide, lead
 Agents which act on the blood
 Decrease hemoglobin
function, deprive the body
tissues of oxygen
 Signs and Symptoms:
Cyanosis, loss of
consciousness
 Chemicals: Carbon monoxide,
cyanides
 Agents which damage the lungs
 Chemicals which damage
pulmonary tissue
 Signs and Symptoms:
Cough, tightness in the
chest, loss of breath
 Chemicals: Asbestos,
silica
 Reproductive toxins
 Chemicals which damage
reproductive capabilities
 Includes chromosomal damage
(mutations) and damage to
fetuses (teratogenesis)
 Signs and Symptoms: Birth
defects, sterility
 Chemicals: Lead
 Cutaneous hazards
 Chemicals which effect the
dermal layer of the body
 Signs and Symptoms:
Defatting of the skin,
rashes, irritation
 Chemicals: Ketones,
chlorinated compounds
 Eye hazards
 Chemicals which affect the eye or visual capacity
 Signs and symptoms: Conjunctivitis, corneal damage,
blurred vision, burning or irritation
 Chemicals: Solvents, corrosives, Caustic
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
are one of the most important tools
available to employers for providing
information, and protection to
workers from hazardous chemicals
which are used in the workplace.
 1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS, required
information
 Identity of the chemical
 Physical and chemical
characteristics
 Physical hazards
 Chemical hazards
 Primary routes of entry
 PEL’s or other exposure limits
 Control measures
 Emergency procedures
 Whether the hazardous
chemical is listed in the
National Toxicology Program
(NTP) Annual Report on
Carcinogens
 precautions for safe handling
and use
 Date of preparation
 Name, address and
telephone of the
manufacturer
CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT
Emergency Management
 Prepare for and prevent emergencies
 Fires
 Spills/releases
 Injuries

 Emergency response must be part of basic work

procedures and employees must be trained.
 Evacuation
 Fire brigade
 Spill response
 Medical response
CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT
Incident Investigations
 All incidents, regardless of severity, must be investigated
– and lessons learned used for prevention
 Formal investigation of serious incidents
 Accountability at all levels
 Management of Plant at which incident occurred through
employees and investigation team.
CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT
Proper and Safe Chemical Management
 Part of the facility culture
 Part of every employee’s activity
 Recognition of safety improvement
Safety is everyone’s responsibility.
 Setting up a program
 The HCS covers both:
 Physical hazards (such as flammability), and
 Health hazards (such as irritation, lung damage, and cancer)

 Most chemicals used in the workplace have some hazard

potential, and thus will be covered by the rule
 Setting up a program
 One difference between this rule and many others adopted
by OSHA is that this one is performance-oriented
 That means that you have the flexibility to adapt the rule to
the needs of your workplace, rather than having to follow
specific, rigid requirements
 Setting up a program
 Make a list of all chemicals in the workplace that are
potentially hazardous
 The best way to prepare a comprehensive list is to
survey the workplace
 Identify chemicals in containers, including pipes
 Establish purchasing procedures so that MSDSs are
being received before a material is used in the
workplace
 Identify hazardous chemicals
 Compile a complete list of the potentially hazardous
chemicals in the workplace
 Determine if you have received material safety data
sheets for all of them
 If any are missing, contact your supplier and
request one
 You should not allow employees to use any
chemicals for which you have not received
an MSDS
Preparing and implementing a hazard
communication program
 All workplaces where employees are
exposed to hazardous chemicals must have
a written plan
 The plan does not have to be lengthy or
complicated
 Employee training
 If there are only a few chemicals in the workplace, then you
may want to discuss each one individually
 Where there are large numbers of chemicals, or the
chemicals change frequently, you will probably want to
train generally based on the hazard categories (e.g.,
flammable liquids, corrosive materials, carcinogens)
 Documentation
 The rule does not require
employers to maintain records of
Hazard
employee training, but many Communication

employers choose to do so
 This may help you monitor your
own program to ensure that all
employees are appropriately
trained
Recognizing Chemical Health
Effects-What to Look for.
 Symptoms appear while you are at work.
 Symptoms get worse during the work week but
go away when you are off.
 Fellow employees have reported similar
symptoms.
Forms of Chemical Hazards
 Solids, Liquids, Gases, Vapors, Mists, Dusts, and
Fumes.
 Exposure Routes
Control of Chemical Hazards and
Exposures
 Engineering and Mechanical Controls
 Personal Protective Equipment
 Administrative and Procedural Controls
Chemical Spill Response
 Requires Special Training

 What can I do?

 Chemical Spill Response
CFR 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and Response Standard (HAZWOPER)

 Option #1-Evacuate employees and call in

professional emergency response
personnel. (EAP) 29 CFR1010.38(a)

 Option #2-Respond internally. (EAP) 29 CFR

1010.120
Emergency Response Plan (ERP)
 ECC availability
 Roles of individual defined
 Trained First Aiders & Fire Fighters
 Emergency Alarm
 Communication
 List of Emergency Telephone numbers
 Emergency Equipments & PPE’s
 Training & Mock Drill
First Aid for Chemical Exposure
 Ingestion
 Inhalation
 Skin Contact
 Eye Contact
 Burns