Light

and Heat
 Find Out

• Why does light seem to

bend?
• How does a lens work?
• How is a rainbow formed?
• How is heat transferred? 
Table of Contents

01 03
Refraction of Light Heat

02 04
Dispersion of Light Heat Transfer
 Light and Heat
We usually see a rainbow in the sky after a light rain shower. This is when there are
droplets of water in the air and the Sun is shining.

How does a rainbow form? 

What is formed when droplets of water in the air which come from the range at a spiny
prisms, reflecting sunlight.

Does a rainbow have an end? 

No. A rainbow only appears to have an end.
 Refraction of light
What is refraction? 

When light travels from one medium to another, for example, from air to water, it bends.  

The bending of light at the boundary of the two media is known as refraction.
Refraction occurs because the speed of light changes as it enters a different medium.
 How does a lens work? 
Light also bends when it passes through a lens. Lenses is carefully folded piece of
transparent material such as glass or plastic, which reflects light to form an image.

When we look through a lens, we observe that the image of an object get distorted. This is
because light undergoes refraction as it travels from Air to glass, and back to air again.  
 Refraction of light
Lenses are usually used to magnify or reduce the size of images of objects. they are used in

•  Magnifying glasses
•  Microscopes
•  Spectacles
•  Cameras
•  Telescope

Light bends as it passes through a magnifying glass. That is why the image of anything
placed behind the glass and beers to its actual size.
 Dispersion of light through a prism
• White light is actually made up of many different colors. We can prove this by shining
white light through a prism. 

• A prism is a transparent plastic or glass object, with smooth, flashlight, that can refract
light.
•
White light is refracted as it passes through a prism, once when it travels from air to the
prism and the second time when it travels from the prism to air.

• The light that comes out after prism is no longer white, but it is broken up into colors
of a rainbow. The breaking of white light into its component colors is known as
dispersion.
Dispersion occurs because a lot of different colors travel at different speeds. Because of
this the different colors refract at different angles as they pass through the glass prism.
Light travels the fastest so it refracts the list. Violet light travels the slowest so, it refracts
the most. That is why that is always seen at the end of the rainbow, and the Violet at the
other end.
 Dispersion of  light through water droplets
Water droplets in the air act as a tiny prisms.   The droplets can be from the rain, the mist
of a waterfall or a fine spray of water from a cartoon. 

Our eyes can only see one of the seven colors separated by a single raindrop. In order to
see the complete Spectrum, we need many raindrops to disperse the sunlight.
Each raindrop can disperse sunlight into seven colors.  
 How does the heat from the Sun reach the
Earth? 
Heat travels from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature through
conduction convection and radiation

Heat from the Sun travels through space and reaches the Earth by radiation. Space has no
air and is a vacuum.  

Just as light travels from one medium to another, heat also travels from one object or place
to another.  Heat travels  from a region higher temperature to region  lower temperature, 
Through conduction, convection and radiation.
 Conduction
Heat can transfer from one part to another within an object or between objects. This types
of heat transfer is called conduction. 

When an object is heated, it's particles collide with one another. So, which is transferred
from the hotter region to the cooler region of particles.

Conduction can occur between objects. Heat is transferred when particles of objects are
touching each other. 
 Convection
The transfer of heat from one region to another by the movement of fluids Is known as
convection. 

While a fluid is heated up, it expands.  This means that it's volume increases and its
density decreases.  the hotter, less dense foods then Rises and floats, while the cooler,
denser fluid flows to take its place. 
 Radiation
Radiation is the release of from the surface of most bodies that is transferred directly  from
one region to another. 

Heat is directly transferred without having to travel through any substance.  This man that
cheats can be transferred even if there is no air.
 Refraction of light
What is refraction? 

When light travels from one medium to another, for example, from air to water, it bends.  

The bending of light at the boundary of the two media is known as refraction.
Refraction occurs because the speed of light changes as it enters a different medium.
 Thanks!

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