PERKAWINAN ANAK:

FAKTOR PENDORONG, BAHAYA & SOLUSI

LIA MARPAUNG
GENDER, DISABILITY & SOCIAL INCLUSION (GEDSI) ADVISER
AUSTRALIA-INDONESIA PARTNERSHIP FOR JUSTICE 2
20 MINUTES BRIEF:
Pentingnya mencegah
perkawinan anak
Upaya pencegahan
 AIPJ2 approaches
 Challenges
STORIES: A CHILD WITH A CHILD
 THE NUMBERS

• 700 million Women around the world married as girls; a third married before 15 (UNICEF);

• 8th Highest Rank in the World - Indonesia - child marriages, 2nd rank in the ASEAN regions;
• 1 in 4 girls are married before 18 (UNICEF);
• 1,348,886 girls married before 18 in 2012; UNICEF estimates 300,000 girls marry before age of 16 per-year;
• 1% of all under-age marriage seek dispensation through the court (AIPJ2 Study on Case Decision Analysis, 2018);
• 2nd leading cause of death for girls between age 15 and 19 is complications during child-birth (SUSENAS 2015);
• 1.7% loss of GDP due to child marriage (SUSENAS 2014).
• Perkawinan anak merupakan salah
satu tantangan dalam pembangunan
sumber daya manusia. Hal ini
dikarenakan perkawinan anak
memiliki dampak yang multiaspek
dan lintas generasi;
• Perkawinan anak adalah bentuk
kekerasan TERKOMPLIT karena
melibatkan kerugian dan kerusakan
fisik, seksual, mental dan sosio-
ekonomi seorang anak
SPIDER’s WEB OF CHILD
MARRIAGE
 CURRENT SOCIAL & HARMFUL NORMS
ON CHILD MARRIAGE
 “Forced Marriage” is just a tradition: Child marriage is
just a “custom”, a “tradition”, part of people’s “culture”;
 Conformity: All girls are getting married young;
 Born to be a Housewife: People, girls included, believe
girls should be good wives and mothers, and their well-
being and personal development is less important;
 Chastity: Parents want their daughters to be chaste, and
there is a risk that girls who grow older loose their virginity
outside marriage, because they might have love affairs or
they might be harassed;
Docility: Girls lack the capabilities to defend their own
interests;
Why-Educate: Parents are too poor to pay for the girl’s upbringing, and
marriage means one less mouth to feed. Moreover, there are no decent
schools in the neighborhood, and there are no jobs for women;
Conciliation: Marriages are primarily an instrument to bring families
closer together rather than to make spouses happy;
 Dowry: Parents have to pay higher dowries or accept lower bride prices
for older girls. Potential grooms, or their families, prefer young brides;
 Law: There are no laws forbidding child marriage or, if there are, they
are not enforced; no criminal law forbidding child marriage, in contrast
criminal law prohibiting sexual relations between unmarried youths;
 Romeo & Juliet: Children themselves desire love and marriage (as a
way out of a strict environment?)
AIPJ2 APPROACHES: WORKING IN COALITION TO
STRENGTHEN THE 3 TRACKS
Informal
Working with the communities
and the key actors, including
the youths and victim of child
marriage
Building awareness to change
behavior and attitude
KUA
Working with the key actors
and the government
Improved IT strategy and
mechanisms (e.g. SimKAH to
check age of the applicants and
the married partners)
COURTS
Working with the Judges to
build knowledge and
awareness
Developed training modules
and a “checklist” for judges on
the best interest of the child
and the voice of the child
February 2020: AIPJ2 mendukung Pemerintah
Indonesia meluncurkan Strategi Nasional Pencegahan
Perkawinan Anak (STRANAS PPA) yang bertujuan untuk
mengurangi perkawinan anak hingga 6.94% pada tahun 2030