WELCOME TO

Course Title:
<Introduction to Literary Studies>
Presentation Title:
<The Study of Prose Fiction>
<Presentation Members>
Zainab Ajmal Zia
Maira Qaiser
Sami-ul-Hassan
Hajvery University (HU)
AN INTRODUCTION TO
THE STUDY OF
LITERAURE
BY:
WILLIAM HENARY HUDSUN
 Biography of Henry Hudson
Henry Hudson was an English sea explorer and navigator
during the early 17th century, best known for his
explorations of present-day Canada and parts of the
northeastern United States.
Nationality: England
Profession: Navigator
Born: Kingdom of England
Died: June 23, 1611
 WHAT IS PROSE?
Prose, is any piece of writing that is built upon a
structure of sentences as opposed to poetic verse,
meaning it's an umbrella term used to describe
many different written works. Prose fiction is
categorized as imagined stories using natural
language.
 WHAT IS FICTION?
Fiction, literature created from the imagination,
not presented as fact, though it may be based on
a true story or situation. Types of literature in
the fiction genre include the novel, short story,
and novella. The word is from the Latin fictiō,
“the act of making, fashioning, or molding.”
WHAT IS NOVEL AND DRAMA?
NOVEL DRAMA
A novel is a long, fictional Drama in literature refers
narrative which describes to the performance of
intimate human experiences.
The novel in the modern era
written dialogue and stage
usually makes use of action. It's a literary genre
a literary prose style. The that allows actors to act
development of the out a writer's words
prose novel at this time was directly to an audience.
encouraged by innovations in
printing, and the introduction
of cheap paper in the 15th
century.
 PLOT
In a literary work, film, story or other narrative, the plot is the
sequence of events where each affects the next one through the
principle of cause-and-effect. The causal events of a plot can be
thought of as a series of events linked by the connector "and so".
EXAMPLE:
Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (By J. K. Rowling) Among
the examples of plot in modern literature, Harry Potter and the
Sorcerer's Stone is probably the most familiar to both readers and
moviegoers. The plot of the story begins when Harry learns that
Professor Snape is after the Sorcerer's Stone.
 PLOT IN THE NOVEL
In a literary work, film, story or other narrative,
the plot is the sequence of events where each
affects the next one through the principle of
cause-and-effect. The causal events of a plot can
be thought of as a series of events linked by the
connector "and so“.
 TYPES OF PLOT DISCUSSED
IN TOPIC
 Simple Plot
 Loose Plot
 Organic Plot
 SIMPLE PLOT
The simple plot is defined as a unified construct
of necessary and probable actions accompanied
by a change of fortune. This type of simple
plot introduces a character (or group of
characters) and changes their fortune by
introducing an action in the form of conflict or
turn of events.
 LOOSE PLOT
This type of plot mostly has digression exaggeration or
departure from central topic. In literature when author
during writing a scenes he always get away from his
central point and start a new story that is called
digression and such plot that has digression called loose
plot.
Shakespeare and Charles Dickens were notorious for
loose plots.
 ORGANIC PLOT
An organic plot shows the actions that lead to
the hero's character change or explain why that
change is impossible.
 ELEMENT OF FICTION
The six major elements of fiction are;
 Character
 Plot
 point of view
 Setting
 Style
 Theme
 SUBJECT MATTER IN
FICTION
The subject of a book is what the book is about, an
idea or ideas explored in the book's contents. In a
nonfiction book, the subject should be fairly
explicit, in the author's own words. With fiction,
however, a reviewer must interpret
the subject through analysis of character, setting,
plot, and symbolism.
 METHODS OF NARRATIVE
Common techniques relevant to style, or the
language chosen to tell a story, include
metaphors, similes, personification, imagery,
hyperbole, and alliteration. Techniques relevant
to plot, which are the sequence of events that
make up a narrative, include backstory,
flashback, flash-forward, and foreshadowing.
NOW PRESENTING:
Maira Qaiser
 Characterization: It’s elementary
conditions
Elementary conditions are to give your character
“a life” by making them so powerful and strong
that a reader no more fantasizes it but considers
it a part of real world. Reader feels the same
emotions with the same intensity the characters
are experiencing.
 Mystery of the creative process
Mystery of the creative process means the hidden power of a
writer to create a character and by which he gives life to his
thoughts. However this mystery can only be felt and understood
by writers. A reader cannot have an access to this mystery.
William Thackeray called this power “occult” ( knowledge that
is hidden).
He also said:
“I don’t control my character, I’m in their hands and they take
me where they please”
 Analytical and dramatic method of
characterization
There are two methods of characterization.
 Analytical/Direct Method
 Dramatic/Indirect Method
In “analytical” case a writer presents his character himself
however in “dramatic” method “character” reveal
themselves, with the help of dialogs and expressions.
The content which includes “documentaries” and
“autobiographical” element, are dealt with dramatic
method.
 Relation of plot and character
“Plot and Character”, both are important parts of novel
and they both are correlate. Commonly we see two types of
novels:
 The one that focuses on its plot.
 And the second in which characters hold primary
position.
However it is observed that novels which are based on
strong characters gets more popularity and recognition than
those who emphasize on plot
 Their combination
Combination between characterization and plot is very
important in novel writing however it is dealt in two
ways:
 Right way
 Wrong way
When a writer combines his plot and characters
illogically and unnecessarily it is called wrong way but
in a good novel a writer combines these two things with
logical sense and according to the department of their
action.
 Motivation

At the end it is the duty of a writer to create the

motivation/interest as the story proceeds and
character take time of action.
If a writer fails to make true relation between
plot and characters it means his art is faulty.
NOW PRESENTING:
SAMI-UL-HASSAN
 Dialogue, tested to applied to it
DIALOGUE
 Delightful element of novel.
 Touch with people and written with narrative approaches
nearly and vividness and actuality of acted drama.
 Brightness narrated and it is judicious.
 Evidence writer’s technical skill.
 Frequently employed in evolution of plot and direct
connection with character.
 Immense value of exhibition of passion, motive and feelings.
 Chief requirements necessary for
dialogue
 Constitute organic element in story.
 Clever and amusing.
 Organic connection with action.
 Natural, appropriate, and dramatic.
 Easy, fresh, vivid and interesting.
 Responsibilities of writer towards a
dialogue
 Edit and re-fashion without taking genuine flavor.
 Not report actual talk of everyday men and
women but give conventional version that
maintain dramatic power and rapidity.
 Leave reader with satisfying general sense of
naturalness and reality.
 humor pathos and tragedy
 The quality of emotional element in fiction_ humor_ the
painful emotions.
 There is always question about novelist’s power of humor,
pathos and tragic effect.
 These attributes are so important even careless reader don’t
miss.
 Important question for examine any novelist’s work.
 Extent and limitations of writer’s work.
 Quality of his accomplishment in any of these direction.
 PROBLEMS
 Humor
 Painful Emotions
 Tragic
 HUMOR
 Sometimes misemployed, example enlisted in
service indecency used to turn ridicule what
should arouse sympathy or sense of revolution
rather than mirth.
 Some things disgusting like drunkenness still
there comic aspects and handle it in comic
way
 PAINFUL EMOTIONS
 Why we enjoy painful emotions at all when we
experience them in mimic world of art. We
enjoy them at any rate a patent fact.
 These emotions mat easily be abused and often
have been abused.
 TRAGIC
 Feeling overstepped or perverted.
 Heartily sentiments passed by insensible
degrees sickly sentiments.
 Adverse effect by watching fiction.
 Interest of tragic aroused may be gross and
morbid which leaves a taint upon mind.
THANK YOU