PROTECCIÓN

INTERNACIONAL DEL
MEDIO AMBIENTE
ACTORES DE LA PROTECCIÓN DEL DERECHO
AMBIENTAL INTERNACIONAL ORIENTALISMO-
PATERNALISMO-COMUNALISMO

1. Estado y sus autoridades.

2. Organizaciones internacionales: Organización marítima internacional-Encargada
de la polución en el mar.
3. Organización internacional de alimentos y agricultura: Encargada del suelo y el
agua potable.
4. Organizaciones regionales: OECD-OSCE: Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development –
5. Subregionales o bilaterales
Instituciones financieras internacionales: The World Bank is also involved in
administering the Global Environment Facilities (GEF). The Global Environment
Facility is the primary mechanism providing developing countries with “new and
additional grants and concessional funding to meet the agreed full incremental cost
of measures to achieve global benefits,” as required by various multilateral
environmental agreements
6. Sector privado.
DECLARACIÓN DE RIO 1992
Visión antropocéntrica.
Fracaso de la carta de la tierra.
Rechazo del G-77 sobre cambios en el uso de recursos no renovables.
Avances en el principio “diferentes responsabilidades”.
El pago del precio por contaminación por parte de los países desarrollados.
Consultar con otros estado posible afectaciones ambientales transfronterizas.
Participación de los indígenas como agentes medioambientales.
JOHANESBURGO 2002
The focus on human dignity; • the allusion to sustainable development as based on
three pillars – economic development, social development, and environmental
protection• the focus on the reduction of poverty and on reducing the gap between
the rich and the poor • the challenge of globalization;174 • the focus on Least-
Developed Countries and Small Island States; • the need to develop “more effective,
democratic, and accountable” institutions.
CASOS CORTE
INTERNACIONAL DE JUSTICIA
TheTrail Smelter
Corfu Channel case
Lac Lanoux case
The other case
 PRINCIPIOS DE LA
PROTECCIÓN AMBIENTAL
1. Soberanía y recursos naturales.
2. Obligación de no hacer daño.
3. El principio de precaución
4. El que contamina paga.
5. Desarrollo sostenible.
6. Deber de conocimiento
7. Deber de informar y consultarAs the Rio Declaration indicates, the duty to consult often accompanies the duty to inform. This is
evidenced in Art. 5 of the 1979 Geneva Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Pollution
8. Participación pública: Public participation is based on the right of those who may be affected to have a say in the determination of
their environmental future. The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development established a robust principle for including the
public in environmental decisionmaking. Principle 10 declared that access to information, public participation, and access to
9. 102 Guide to International Environmental Law
10. effective judicial and administrative proceedings, including redress and remedy, should be guaranteed, because “environmental
issues are best handled with the participation of all concerned citizens, at the relevant level
11. Utilización equiparable
12. Derechos Humanos
The insertion of human rights into the environmental discourse is important not only because
human rights are the prerequisite for the quality of life sought by environmental protection. Eco
development, like conventional development, has entailed in some cases neglect for the needs
of people whose interests do not lie
withintheecodevelopmentagenda.Forcibleexclusionsofpeoplefromwhatareseen
asnaturallypristineareashavebeenexecutedbymanygovernmentsinthedeveloping world.
Environmentalism has been used by certain elites to perpetrate suppressive policies that,
otherwise, would have not acquired approval in international circles. The protection of human
rights should ideally provide the threshold for the pursuit of development including
ecodevelopment.285 Threshold human rights standards would involve the basic human rights
standards, such as:
• the right to life, liberty, and the security of person • the right not be subjected to torture or
cruel, inhuman, and degrading punishment• the right not be subjected to arbitrary arrest,
detention, and exile; • the right to effective remedies before national tribunals.