Big Data

Big Data and Smart City
6.1 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice

Management Information Systems
Chapter 12: Enhancing Decision Making
A Minute on the Internet in 2019 and
2020
12.2 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Big Data
Name Symbol Value

Huge volumes of data which is in, Kilobyte kB 103
-> Terabytes(1024 Gigabytes) Megabyte MB 106
-> Petabytes(1024 Terabytes) Gigabyte GB 109
-> Exabytes(1024 Petabytes) Terabyte TB 1012
Petabyte PB 1015
-> Zettabytes(1024 Exabytes)
Exabyte EB 1018
-> Yottabytes(1024 Zettabytes) Zettabyte ZB 1021
-> Brontobytes(1024 yottabytes) Yottabyte YB 1024
-> Gegobyte (1024 Brontobytes) Brontobyte* BB 1027
Gegobyte* GeB 1030
The Data Size Is Getting Bigger and Bigger


Big Data
 About 2.5 quintillion bytes of data are generated every
day and almost 90% of the global existing data has been
created during the past two years.
 Data is growing faster than ever before and by the year
2021, about 1.7 megabytes of new information will be
created every second for every human being on the planet.
 463 exabytes of data will be generated each day by
humans as of 2025.
 95 million photos and videos are shared every day on
Instagram.

Big Data
• By the end of 2021, 44 zettabytes will make up the
entire digital universe.
• Every day, 306.4 billion emails are sent, and 5 million
Tweets are made.
• Every minute 24 hours of video is uploaded in
YouTube. YouTube – 1 T B/4 min
• Every second we create new data. For example, we
perform 40,000 search queries every second (on Google
alone), which makes it 3.5 searches per day and 1.2
trillion searches per year
Big Data
• A flight generates 240 terabytes of new data every year.
• Boeing jet - 20 T B/hr
• Facebook users generating 90 pieces of contents (notes,
photos, link, stories, posts), while 600 million active users
of social platform spent over 9.3 billion hours a month on
the site.
• Facebook inserts 500 T B/day
• Walmart handles 1 million customer transaction/hour.

Big Data
• Black Box Data: It is a component of helicopter,

airplanes, and jets, etc. It captures voices of the flight
crew, recordings of microphones and earphones, and the
performance information of the aircraft.
• This volume of data equates to 2-hourlong HD movies,
which one person would need 47 million years to watch
in their entirety.

Big Data
Big Data is primarily

measured by the volume
of the data.
Big Data also includes
data that is coming in fast
and at huge varieties.

Big Data
Big Data is a collection of large and complex
data sets which are difficult to process using
common database management tools or
traditional data processing applications. The
US Congress defines big data as “a term that
describes large volumes of high velocity,
complex, and variable data that require
advanced techniques and technologies to
enable the capture, storage, distribution,
management, and analysis of the
12.10information.” Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Big Data
Big data is a broad term for
data sets so large or complex
that traditional data processing
applications are inadequate.
Challenges include analysis,
capture, data curation, search,
sharing, storage, transfer,
visualization, information
security and information
privacy.
Big data

Big data
• Big Data requires a scalable architecture for
efficient storage, manipulation, and analysis.
■ Volume refers to the vast amount of data generated every
second.
■ Velocity refers to the speed at which new data is generated and
the speed at which data moves around.
■ Variety refers to the different types of data we can now use.
■ Veracity refers to the uncertainty or trustworthiness of the data.
■ Value refers to our ability turn our data into value.










Socially connected world

Creating the Social Enterprise


Mobile Device
• There are 5.22 Billion people that have a mobile device in
the world. This means that 66.83% of the world's
population has a mobile device.
• The number of smartphone users in the world is 3.5
billion, and this means 44.81% of the world's population
owns a smartphone.
• There are more than 3.5 billion mobile internet subscribers
• There are 1 million apps available, which have been
downloaded more than 100 billion times.
• 192 countries have active 3G mobile network




Internet of Things
• The Internet of Things (IoT) is a scenario in which objects,
animals or people are provided with unique identifiers and
the ability to transfer data over a network without
requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer
interaction.
• The Internet of things is the network of physical devices,
vehicles, home appliances and other items embedded with
electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network
connectivity which enables these objects to connect and
exchange

• The Internet of Things (IoT), also sometimes

referred to as the Internet of Everything (IoE),
consists of all the web-enabled devices that collect,
send and act on data they acquire from their
surrounding environments using embedded sensors,
processors and communication hardware.
• According to Gartner, Inc. (a technology research
and advisory corporation), there will be nearly 26
billion devices on the Internet of Things by 2020

• Using your smartphone's range of sensors

(Accelerometer, Gyro, Video, Proximity, Compass,
GPS, etc) and connectivity options (Cell, WiFi,
Bluetooth, NFC, etc) you have a well equipped
Internet of Things device in your pocket that can
automatically monitor your
movements, location, and workouts throughout the day
• According to Gartner, Inc. (a technology research and
advisory corporation), there will be nearly 26 billion
devices on the Internet of Things by 2020.









Explosion of Big Data From Mobile
•Consumers increasingly use mobile devices to locate and

buy products.
•47% of users would provide their location to receive
relevant offers and discounts (mBlox 2013).
•The mobile device has become the central control system
in consumers‘ lives.”
Traditional BI focuses on "what happened". Data science

and big data analytics focuses on "what will happen".


Explosion of Big and Atomic

Data From Mobile

Mobile Marketing Analytics
Do you know where you will be 285 days from now at 2 pm?
We (data scientists) do!
•Predictable in our movements.
•Use Big Data to predict with very high accuracy the correct
location of individuals even months into the future.
•Used experiments to offer causal explanations into human
behavior and help enterprises with IT and marketing
strategies.

How Travel Pattern Influence Mobile
Content Usage and Creation

Social Media Data Analytics:
Social Listening
•Big Data Analytics: Customer Insights via Automated

Text Mining
•Product feature extraction from customer comments
•Sentiment analysis from customer comments
•Linguistic style analysis of customer comments

How reviews (text) affect product sales?

Did you know?
•Big Data Hits Real Life

•http://www.nytimes.com/video/business/
100000002206849/big-data-hits-real-life.html

Interactive Session: Technology
Big Data Make Cities Smarter

Read the Interactive Session and discuss the following questions
• What technologies are New York and Barcelona employing to run

their cities more efficiently and improve citizens’ quality of life?
• What are the people, organization, and technology issues that
should be addressed by “smart city” initiatives?
• What problems are solved by “smart cities”? What are the
drawbacks?
• Give examples of four decisions that would be improved in a “smart
city.”
• Would you be concerned if social media data were used to
supplement public data to help improve the delivery of municipal
services? Why or why not?

Smart City
• By 2030, roughly 66%, or 5 billion people will live in
urban areas. It is about 80% of the urban population in
Western and Industrialized countries. It is expected that
Asia and Africa will reach at 50% of urban population
by 2020 and 2035, respectively. The urban life is
consisting of various environmental hazards like, lower
level of sustainability, more energy consumption, more
population and more waste generation etc. This not only
represents a massive challenge in how we build and
manage cities but a significant opportunity to improve the
lives of billions of people.
Smart City
• Rising to that challenge, engineers worldwide are

turning to new technology ‐ such as the Cyber Physical
Systems, 5G, AI and data analytics ‐ searching for new
approaches and solutions that will improve city
transportation, water and waste management, energy
usage, and a host of other infrastructure is sues that
underpin the operation of cities and the lifestyle of
urban citizens. The city should be “Smart” after
practicing these ways through smart programming and
planning management.

Smart City
– A smart city is an innovative city that uses information and
communication technologies (ICTs) and other means to
improve quality of life, efficiency of urban operation and
services, and competitiveness, while ensuring that it meets
the needs of present and future generations with respect to
economic, social and environmental aspects.
– Smart cities
• Public records
• Sensors, location data from smartphones
• Ability to evaluate effect of one service change on system

Smart City
• A smart city is an urban area that uses

different types of electronic data collection
sensors to supply information which is used to
manage assets and resources efficiently.
• A smart city may therefore be more prepared
to respond to challenges than one with a
simple "transactional" relationship with its
citizens.

Smart City
• Smart city as high-tech intensive and advanced
city that connects people, information, and city
elements using new technologies in order to
create a sustainable, greener city, competitive and
innovative commerce and increased life quality.
• Smart city means using all available technologies
and resources, investing in human and social
capital for improving the quality of life for
everyone.
Components of Smart City

Technologies of Smart City
• Open-data initiatives: New York City's BigApps

competition, which produce useful and resource-saving
apps to improve cities and keep citizens informed.
Things like air quality, restaurant sanitation scores,
building inspection scores and impending legislation
should be readily available for all citizens.
• Parking apps that show drivers where the nearest
available parking spot it. These will save commuters
time, gas, emissions and money, while also easing the
flow of traffic.

• High-tech waste management systems.

Pay As You Throw (PAYT) garbage disposal would
encourage people to recycle more and waste less, while
using tools like RFID could improve sorting so
recyclable plastic bottles don't end up in landfills.
• A city guide app, with information about museums,
parks, landmarks, public art, restaurants and real-time
traffic data. These apps help citizens and tourists alike
improve their experience in the city.


• Touchscreens around the city — whether it's a kiosk to buy a
MetroCard or the TVs in taxis — should be bacteria-resistant.
• Wi-Fi in subway stations and on trains, along with weather
information at every station.
• Dynamic kiosks that display real-time information, concerning
traffic, weather and local news, like Urbanflow in Helsinki.
• App or social media-based emergency alert and crisis response
systems — every citizen should have access to vital information.
Whether it's an alert about a crime that just happened or advice for
a storm approaching the city.

• Police forces that use real-time data to monitor

and prevent crime.
• More public transit, high-speed trains, and bus
rapid transit (BRT) to help citizens traverse the
city with speed and low emissions.
• Smart climate control systems in homes and
businesses, for example, the Nest thermostat.


Charging stations, like the solar-powered
Strawberry Tree in Serbia. They also function as
bus stops and Wi-Fi hot spots.

• Roofs covered with solar panels or gardens.

You could even generate solar energy on bike
paths, like Amsterdam's SolaRoad.


• Bike-sharing programs, like in Paris, Washington, D.C.,
and the ones coming to Los Angeles and New York. And
bike parking would be nice, too — maybe even
underground and machine-driven, like the
Eco Cycle in Japan.

• A sharing economy, instead of a buying

economy. If we share or rent from each other,
we each need to buy and store fewer goods —
think Rent the Runway, Netflix, Airbnb. On
a similar note, there should be apps to help
you find charities that actually need the stuff
you want to toss, such as Zealous Good in
Chicago.


• Airbnb is an American company which operates an
online marketplace and hospitality service for people to
lease or rent short-term lodging including
holiday cottages, apartments, homestays, hostel beds, or
hotel rooms, to participate in or facilitate experiences
related to tourism such as walking tours, and to make
reservations at restaurants. The company does not own
any real estate or conduct tours; it is a broker which
receives percentage service fees in conjunction with
every booking. Like all hospitality services, Airbnb is an
example of collaborative consumption and sharing

• Netflix specializes in and provides streaming media and
video-on-demand online and DVD by mail. In 2013,
Netflix expanded into film and television production as
well as online distribution.
• It is a widely popular content-on-demand service that uses
predictive technology to offer recommendations on the
basis of consumers’ reaction, interests, choices, and
behavior. The technology examines from a number of
records to recommend movies based on your previous
liking and reactions.

• Widespread use of traffic rerouting apps, such as
Greenway and Waze. The average person spends 60 hours
in traffic each year, according to Greenway; these apps
calculate the best route for each driver to speed up traffic
flow and reduce CO2 emissions. They also ensure that a
traffic jam on one boulevard doesn't just get displaced to
another area.

• Water-recycling systems, because while water

covers 70% of the earth, we're not preserving the
resource the way we should.
• Crowdsourced urban planning, like Brickstarter.
Brickstarter is a Finland-based civic
crowdfunding website. The site focuses on
crowdfunding urban renewal, architectural and
public art projects

• Broadband Internet access for all citizens —

maybe Google Fiber? — which will reduce the
digital divide and spur economic growth.
• Mobile payments. Everywhere. For food,
apparel and public transportation.
• Ride-sharing programs: Because it's a waste of
money and gas to have two cars go the same
place when neither is filled to capacity. Uber,
Pathao
Future of Technology for Smart City

Cloud of Things: ClouT

Cloud of Things: ClouT

• ClouT’s overall concept is leveraging the Cloud
Computing as an enabler to bridge the Internet of
Things with Internet of People via Internet of
Services, to establish an efficient communication
and collaboration platform exploiting all possible
information sources to make the cities smarter and
to help them facing the emerging challenges such
as efficient energy management, economic growth
and development.
Thank
You

Big Data

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Big Data and Smart City

6.1 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice

12.2 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Name Symbol Value

The Data Size Is Getting Bigger and Bigger

12.4 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.5 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.7 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

• Black Box Data: It is a component of helicopter,

12.8 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Big Data is primarily

12.9 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.12 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.13 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.14 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.15 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.16 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.17 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.18 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.19 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.20 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.21 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.22 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Socially connected world

12.23 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Creating the Social Enterprise

12.24 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.25 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.26 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.27 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.28 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.29 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.30 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

• The Internet of Things (IoT), also sometimes

12.31 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

• Using your smartphone's range of sensors

12.32 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.33 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.34 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.35 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.36 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.37 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.38 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.39 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.40 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Explosion of Big Data From Mobile

•Consumers increasingly use mobile devices to locate and

Traditional BI focuses on "what happened". Data science

12.41 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.42 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Explosion of Big and Atomic

12.43 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Mobile Marketing Analytics

12.44 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.45 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

•Big Data Analytics: Customer Insights via Automated

12.46 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

12.47 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Did you know?

•Big Data Hits Real Life

12.48 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Interactive Session: Technology

Big Data Make Cities Smarter