TYPES OF EXERCISE

BODY MECHANICS

COUGHING

DEEP BREATHING
 Types of EXERCISE
A. According to muscle contraction
1. Isotonic (dynamic) Exercise- those that shorten muscle to produce contraction and active movement.
Ex. Running, walking, swimming, cycling , lifting the buttocks off the bed by pushing with the
hands against the mattress
2. Isometric (static or setting) exercises- those in which there is muscle
contraction without moving the joint.
EX. squeezing a towel or pillow between the knees.
3. Isokinetic (resistive) exercises- involve muscle contraction or tension against
resistance; they can either be isotonic or isometric. During these exercises, the
person moves (isotonic) or tenses (Isometric) against resistance.
Ex. Lifting weights to increase size and strength of the pectoralis muscles.
 BODY MECHANICS
The efficient, coordinated and safe use of body to carry out activities of daily
living.
Tips for stability:
1. Broaden the base of support
2. Adjust height of work area
Tips to avoid injury:
1. Ask for help when needed.
2. Face direction of work.
3. Use smooth and continuous movements rather than sharp, sudden and
uncontrolled movement.
4. Contract abdominal and gluteal muscle to stabilize pelvis. Assume a starting
point (for movement, direction and position).
5. Use strong leg muscle when lifting, pushing or pulling.
6. Examine the surroundings for potential obstacles to the desired movement.
Tips for use of less energy (conserve energy)

1. Balance parts appropriately.

2. Reduce friction.
3. Use rhythmic movements at normal speed.
4. Hold object close to body.
5. Push or pull rather than lift!
6. Use mechanical devise.
7. Breathe normally (exhale through the mouth on exertion).
COUGHING
- Single most effective measure to control
respiratory secretions upward.
1. Splint incision, if any, with pillow.
2. Patient to take a deep breath, hold for
3 seconds, and cough deeply two or
three times. (more effective than single
coughing.)
3. Perform 2 to 3 hours post-operatively.
DEEP BREATHING
To expand the alveoli and mobilizes secretions.
1. Place client in fowlers or sitting position (allows full expansion of the lungs
and relieves pressure by diaphragm).
2. Place client's hands (palm) along the lower rib cage to feel diaphragm
movement.
3. Inhale fully through the nose, hold for 2 to 3 seconds (nasal breathing filters,
warms and humidifies air).
4. Exhale slowly through the mouth
(slow exhalation stimulates
coughing and prevents hyperventilation)
SUCTIONING
1. Use appropriate catheter size: F 5-8 (infants) F8 10 (children) and F 12-18 for (adult)
2. Position client in fowlers (for those with intact gag reflex), side lying for unconscious) to
prevent aspiration
3. Adjust pressure: 50-75 mmHg in infants and children; 100-120 mmHg in adults
4. Pre-oxygenate client (hyper inflate with manual resuscitation bag, or by asking the
client to take several deep breaths prior, or by adjusting oxygen flow to higher rate)
5. Lubricate catheter tip by immersing in cup of saline solution
6 Insert the catheter through during inspiration (when epiglottis is open), without exerting
suction yet (open port), until you feel resistance.
7. Retract catheter by 1 cm before exerting suction.
8. Exert suction by closing the open port, withdrawing catheter in rotating motion with 5
to 10 seconds only.
9. Hyperoxygenate for a full minute between subsequent suctioning. Encourage deep
breathing.