ADVERB & ADJECTIVE

ADVERB
a word/a set of words that modifies verbs, adjectives and other
adverbs.

It indicates when, where, and how an action is performed or

indicates the quality or degree of the action.
 EXAMPLE
Robin is always hungry for success.
I love her very much.
He is running fast.
Alex works hard.
He wrote that willingly.
 TYPES
Conjunctive Adverbs

Sentence Adverbs

Adverbs of Time/Frequency (when)

Adverbs of place/direction (where)

Adverbs of degree (How much)

Adverbs of manner (how)

 CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

 connects phrases or independent clauses. It provides transitions between ideas and shows relationships.
 Conjunctive adverbs are also called connectors.
 Example:
 It rained last night. Nonetheless, the final match has not been cancelled.
 We are still confused, however, if the umpires will come.
 SENTENCE ADVERBS

 starts the sentence and modifies the whole sentence.

Example:
 Hopefully, we will win the match.
 Apparently, the sky is getting cloudy.
 Certainly, I did not think of coming here.
 ADVERBS OF TIME/FREQUENCY (WHEN?)
 indicate time or frequency of the action in the sentence.
 answer the question ‘when/how frequently is the action performed?’.
 Always, never, often, eventually, now, frequently, occasionally, once, forever, seldom, before, Sunday, Monday, 10 AM, 12 PM, etc. are common
adverbs of time/frequency.

Example:
 I went to school a little late yesterday.
 He always gets a good result.
 I will leave on Monday.
 He smokes occasionally.
 ADVERBS OF PLACE/DIRECTION (WHERE?)
 indicate place/direction of the action in the sentence. They answer the question ‘ where is the action performed?’.
 Across, over, under, in, out, through, backward, there, around, here, sideways, upstairs, in the park, in the field, in
that place

Example:
 I went through the jungle.
 He plays in the field.
 Alex is going to school.
 He is staying at my home.
 ADVERBS OF DEGREE (HOW MUCH?)
 express the importance/degree/level of the action in the sentence .They answer the question ‘how much is the action
performed?’.
 Completely, nearly, entirely, less, mildly, most, thoroughly, somewhat, excessively, much, etc. are common adverbs of
degree.

Example:
 She completely forgot about her anniversary.
 I read the newspaper thoroughly.
 I am so excited about the new job.
 Robin hardly studies
ADVERBS OF MANNER (HOW?)

 express the manner/approach/process of the action in the sentence. They answer the question ‘how is the action
performed?’.
 Beautifully, equally, thankfully, carefully, handily, quickly, coldly, hotly, resentfully, earnestly, nicely, tirelessly, etc. are
common adverbs of manner. These adverbs usually end in ly.

Example:
 Let's divide the prizes equally.
 Please, handle the camera carefully.
 Mike is walking slowly.
 He is running fast.
 ADJECTIVE
 describes or modifies noun/s and pronoun/s in a sentence.
 indicates quality, size, shape, duration, feelings, contents, and more about a noun or pronoun.
 usually provide relevant information about the nouns/pronouns they modify/describe by answering the
questions: What kind? How many? Which one? How much? Adjectives enrich your writing by adding precision
and originality to it.
 EXAMPLE

 The team has a dangerous batsman. (What kind?)

 I have ten candies in my pocket. (How many?)
 I loved that red car. (Which one?)
 I earn more money than he does. (How much?)
 TYPES
Descriptive Adjectives Indefinite Adjectives

Quantitative Adjectives Articles

Proper Adjectives Compound Adjectives

Demonstrative Adjective Interrogative Adjective

Possessive Adjective
 DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES
 a word which describes nouns and pronouns. Most of the adjectives belong in this type. These adjectives provide
information and attribute to the nouns/pronouns they modify or describe. Descriptive adjectives are also
called qualitative adjectives. 

Examples:
 I have a fast car. (The word ‘fast’ is describing an attribute of the car)
 I am hungry. (The word ‘hungry’ is providing information about the subject)
 The hungry cats are crying.
 I saw a flying Eagle.
 QUANTITATIVE ADJECTIVES

 provides information about the quantity of the nouns/pronouns. This type belongs to the question category of ‘how
much’ and ‘how many’.

Examples:
 I have 20 bucks in my wallet. (How much)
 They have three children. (How many)
 You should have completed the whole task. (How much)
 PROPER ADJECTIVES
 Proper adjectives are the adjective form of proper nouns. When proper nouns modify or describe other nouns/pronouns, they
become proper adjectives. ‘Proper’ means ‘specific’ rather than ‘formal’ or ‘polite.’
 A proper adjective allows us to summarize a concept in just one word. Instead of writing/saying ‘a food cooked in Chinese recipe’
you can write/say ‘Chinese food
 Proper adjectives are usually capitalized as proper nouns are.

Example:
 American cars are very strong.
 Chinese people are hard workers.
 I love KFC burgers.
 Marxist philosophers despise capitalism.
 DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
 refers to something or someone. Demonstrative adjectives include the words: this, that, these, those.
 a demonstrative adjective always comes before the word it modifies.

Examples:
 That building is so gorgeously decorated. (‘That’ refers to a singular noun far from the speaker)
 This car is mine. (‘This’ refers to a singular noun close to the speaker)
 POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
 indicates possession or ownership. It suggests the belongingness of something to someone/something.
 Some of the most used possessive adjectives are my, his, her, our, their, your.  
 All these adjectives always come before a noun.

Examples:
 My car is parked outside.
 His cat is very cute.
 Our job is almost done.
 Her books are interesting.
INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES
 An interrogative adjective asks a question. An interrogative adjective must be followed by a noun or a pronoun.
The interrogative adjectives are: which, what, whose. These words will not be considered as adjectives if a noun
does not follow right after them. ‘Whose’ also belongs to the possessive adjective type.

Examples:
 Which phone do you use?
 What game do you want to play?
 Whose car is this?
 INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES
 describes or modifies a noun. They provide indefinite/unspecific information about the noun. The common
indefinite adjectives are few, many, much, most, all, any, each, every, either, nobody, several, some, etc.  

Examples:
 I gave some candy to her.
 I want a few moments alone.
 Several writers wrote about the recent incidents.
 Each student will have to submit homework tomorrow.
 ARTICLES
 Articles also modify the nouns. So, articles are also adjectives. Articles determine the specification of nouns. ‘A’
and ‘an’ are used to refer to an unspecific noun, and ‘the’ is used to refer to a specific noun.  

Examples:
 A cat is always afraid of water. (Here, the noun ‘cat’ refers to any cat, not specific.)
 The cat is afraid of me. (This cat is a specific cat.)
 THE DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES
 There are three degrees of adjectives: Positive, comparative, superlative. 
 These degrees are applicable only for the descriptive adjectives.

Examples:
 Positive degree: He is a good boy.
 Comparative degree: He is better than any other boy.
 Superlative: He is the best boy.